• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2014

Neem제를 이용한 가지 담배가루이 친환경 방제기술을 개발하고자 azadirachtin 0.5%가 함유된 Neem제를 100~2,000배까지 희석배수 5처리를 두고, 담배가루이 방제효과와 가지생육과 수량을 조사하였으며, 경제성을 분석하였다. 담배가루이 성충과 약충의 발생상황은 Neem제 희석배수가 높아질수록 성충과 약충의 발생량이 증가하여 방제효과가 낮았다. Neem제 처리농도별 가지 생육상황은 낮은 희석배수에서는 약해가 발생하였고, 높은 희석배수에서는 담배가루이에 의한 피해가 나타났다. 생육 및 수량은 48일후 조사에서 500배가 초장, 엽장, 절수 등 생육이 양호하였다. 또한 Neem제 500배 처리에서 과실의 발육이 좋아 수량성 및 상품률도 가장 높았다. 경제성 분석결과에서도 Neem제 500배 처리에서 10a당 13,545천원으로 소득이 가장 높았다. 따라서 담배가루이 방제를 위한 Neem제 희석배수는 500배였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.720-728
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• 2000

The different products of neem (Azadirachta indica) are utilized for variety of purposes in industry, health and animal agriculture in the Indian subcontinent. The cake from seeds after oil extraction is a good source of nutrients (CP: 35-38%; EE: 4.5-5.5%; CF: 12-15%; Ca: 0.75%; P: 0.45% on DM), and in particular, the one out of its kernel is proteinaceous and is relatively balanced in its amino acid and mineral profile. But the cake is toxic and bitter to taste owing to triterpenoids (nimbin, salannin, azadirachtin), which restricts its safe inclusion in livestock diet. Several feeding trials with raw cake have revealed poor palatability and adverse performance among different categories of livestock and poultry. Internal organ changes included histological alteration in intestine, liver, kidney and distruption of spermatogenesis and ovarian activity. Ruminants appears to tolerate reasonably higher levels of the cake and to a limited low levels of dietary inclusion also proved to be tolerable in monogastric farm animals. Debitterization through solvent (hexane, ether) extraction, water washing, alkali (NaOH, 1.5, 2.5 or 3%, wt/wt) soaking and urea (1.5 or 3%, wt/wt) - ammoniation have been tried with appreciable success in improving the palatability and nutritive value of the cake. For enhanced utilization, decortication of neem seeds is to be done effectively at industrial level with maximum oil recovery. The resultant proteinaceous kernel by-product could be a cheaper unconventional protein supplement after suitable processing.