• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2006

Periductal mastitis is a specific clinicopathologic entity, and is referred to by several names: recurrent subareolar abscess, squamous metaplasia of the lactiferous duct, and Zuska's disease. Clinically, the differentiation of periductal mastitis from other benign lesions and carcinomas around the nipple frequently proves a difficult proposition. We reviewed the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of 14 cases of periductal mastitis, which had been diagnosed either radiologically, histologically, or clinically. The patient group included 13 female patients, and one male. The majority of the patients in this group had presented with subareolar masses. All cases evidenced characteristic anucleated squamous cell clusters within a mixed inflammatory background. A diagnosis of periductal mastitis can be rendered fairly readily on excisional biopsy. However, FNAC is considered to be superior to excisional biopsy as an initial diagnostic procedure for any palpable mass in subareolar lesions of the breast. FNAC can also be a useful diagnostic technique in cases of periductal mastitis, even in the early phases of the disease. A definitive diagnosis of subareolar abscess via FNAC will enable the clinician to select the most appropriate medical or surgical treatment.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.947-955
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• 2019

Degenerating nodules (DNs), which primarily manifest as benign thyroid nodules, are one of the main causes of discordance in ultrasonography (US) and cytological assessments. Intranodular hemorrhage is one of the mechanisms contributing to discordant nodules, and an impaired blood supply may explain further DN shrinkage and infarction. The surgical specimens can be divided into acute and chronic stages based on the histological changes, which usually mimic the US features of malignant tumors. Serial US follow-up should be recommended instead of other unnecessary procedures. However, repeated fine-needle aspiration, diagnostic surgery, or core-needle biopsy may still be necessary for indeterminable or highly suspicious DNs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1995

Open lung biopsy still has important roles for the marking of diagnosis of diffuse infiltrative lung disease even though transbronchial bronchoscopic lung biopsy and percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy gain popularity nowadays. This is clinical retrospective review of the 56 patients with diffuse infiltrative lung disease undergoing open lung biopsy by minithoracotomy from 1984 to Dec. 1992 in the Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery of Catholic University Medical College. 27 men and 29 women, aged 17 to 73 year [mean 49 year , were enrolled & divided into 2 groups;Group A consisted of patients with immunocompromised state [n=19 , Group B patients with non-immunocompromised state[n=38 . Pathologic diagnosis was made in 54 cases[96.4% of these two groups and as follows: infectious; 12 patients[21.4% , Neoplastic; 10 patients[17.9% , granulomatous; 4 patients[7.1% , interstitial pneumonia; 12 patients[21.4% , Pulmonary fibrosis; 8 patients[14.3% , others; 3 patients[5.4% , nonspecific; 5 patients[8.9% , and undetermined; 2 patients[3.6% . Therapeutic plans were changed in 39 patients[69.6% after taking of tissue diagnosis by open lung biopsy. Group B has higher incidence of infectious diseases and change of therapeutic plan than the Group A. The postoperative complications developed in 8 cases[14.3% ,and there is no difference of incidence between the 2 groups. 4 patients belongs to group A, died of respiratory distress syndrome [2 and sepsis [2 which were not related with open lung biopsy procedure. In conclusion, open lung biopsy is a reliable method to obtain a diagnosis in diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and can be performed safely, even in acutely ill, immunosuppressed patients.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 2002

Objectives: This study was done to determine the diagnostic efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA), frozen section biopsy (FSx) and ultrasonography in a palpable thyroid mass. Materials and Methods: During the period from July 1999 to March 2002, the medical records of 98 patients who underwent a thyroidectomy for thyroid mass, at the Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital, were reviewed retrospectively. Ninety eight cases were classified according to whether the FNA cytological diagnosis inadequate, benign, suspicious, or malignant and the FSx diagnosis benign or malignant and the ultrasonographic examination was benign, suspicious, or malignant. The diagnostic correlations of ultrasonography, FNA cytology, frozen section, and both FNA cytology and frozen section with definite histologic diagnosis were evaluated. Results: According to the FNA cytological interpretation, 76 cases were diagnosed as benign, 6 cases suspicious, 13 cases malignant, and 3 cases inadequate. The sensitivity and specificity for FNA were 86.3% and 95.9% and for FSx 95.5% and 100% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of FNA and FSx were 93.5% and 98.9% respectively. Based on a definite histologic diagnosis, the ultrasonographic examination had a sensitivity and a specificity of 77.2% and 78.9%. Conclusion: The results confirm that FNA cytology is a reliable and useful tool in the initial evaluation of a palpable thyroid mass compared to the ultrasonographic examination. Intraoperative FSx is a valuable diagnostic procedure to confirm the cytological diagnosis with undetermined or unsatisfactory cytological diagnosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7769-7773
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• 2014

Background: Some tumor types are related to HIV, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The morbidity and mortality of NHL has remained high, even after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced. We collected cases of AIDS with NHL, and evaluated the imaging features and strategies for diagnosis. Materials and Methods: There were 27 patients with AIDS and tumors confirmed by pathology. There were 9 patients with Burkitt lymphoma, 16 with diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), and 2 with primary central nervous system (PCNS) lymphomas. All of the patients underwent a series of imaging studies. Three radiologists analyzed the images, and any disagreement was discussed until consensus was reached. Results: The radiologic manifestations of AIDS with NHL were mainly masses and lymphadenopathy, 3 patients having one mass and 12 two or more masses. 7 patients had lymphadenopathy in one site and 3patients had lymphadenopathy in two or more sites. Coarse mucosal folds, thickening of the gastrointestinal wall, and lumen narrowing were typical manifestations of NHL within the gastrointestinal tract. There were 4 patients with masses and 5 with lymphadenopathy inthe 9 with Burkitt lymphoma, and 11 patients with masses 5 with lymphadenopathy in the 16 with DLBCLs. Conclusion: NHL is a malignancy that usually occurs in patients with AIDS. Imaging is an important method by which to evaluate lesions, masses, and lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration biopsy and stereotaxis biopsy are useful methods by which to diagnose NHL.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 1991

Clinical analysis was performed on 306 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy who were diagnosed histologically by fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNABC) and/or excisional biopsy from Jan 1986 to Jan 1990 at Hanyang University hospital. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Of 306 patients with cervical lymphadenopathy, 216 (70.6%) were inflammatory lesions, and 90 (29.4%) malignant lesions. Tuberculous lymphadenitis of inflammatory lesions was most common (134 cass: 62%). Of malignant lesions, metastatic cancer was more frequent (75 cases: 83.3%). 2) The sex ratio were as follows: inflammatory lesion; M:F=1 : 1.8 (tuberculous lymphadenitis;M : F=1:2.3) malignant lesion; M : F=1.5 : 1 (metastatic cancer; M : F=2.6 : 1) 3) The peak age of inflammatory lymphadenopathy was 20-29 years old (38.9%), and that of malignant lesion 50-59 years old (46.7%). 4) In more than half of tuberculous lymphadenitis and metastatic cancer, the location of enlarged lymph nodes was one side of the neck and the number was more than one. 5) The common primary sites of metastatic cancer were lung and stomach. In 11 cases (14.7%), the primary site could not be found. 6) The sensitivity and the specificity of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNABC) was 0.83 & 1.0 in metastatic cancer respectively.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

Isolating total DNA from small samples using traditional methods is difficult and inefficient mainly due to loss of DNA during filtration and precipitation. With advances in molecular pathology, DNA extraction from micro-dissected cells has become essential in handling clinical samples. Genomic DNA extraction using small numbers of cells can be very important to successfully PCR amplify DNA from small biopsy specimens. We compared our experimental genomic DNA extraction method (A) with two other commercially available methods: using spin columns (B), and conventional resins (C), and determined the efficacy of DNA extraction from small numbers of cells smeared on a glass slide. Approximately 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 cells were isolated from fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) slides aspirated from histologically proven papillary thyroid carcinoma masses. DNA was extracted using the three techniques. After measuring DNA quantity, PCR amplification was performed to detect the ${\beta}$-globin and $BRAF^{V600E}$ gene mutations. DNA extracted by method (A) showed better yield than the other methods in all cell groups. With our method, a suitable amount of genomic DNA to produce amplification was extracted from as few as 50 cells, while more than 100 to 200 cells were required when methods (B) or (C) were applied. Our genomic DNA extraction method provides high quality and improved yields for molecular analysis. It will be especially useful for paucicellular clinical samples which molecular pathologists often confront when handling fine needle aspiration cytology, exfoliative cytology and small biopsy specimens.

• Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.404-410
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• 2018

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology serves as a safe, economical tool in evaluating thyroid nodules. However, about 30% of the samples are categorized as indeterminate. Hence, many immunocytochemistry markers have been studied, but there has not been a single outstanding marker. We studied the efficacy of CD56 with human bone marrow endothelial cell marker-1 (HBME-1) in diagnosis in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) category III. Methods: We reviewed ThinPrep liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples with Papanicolaou stain from July 1 to December 31, 2016 (2,195 cases) and selected TBSRTC category III cases (n=363). Twenty-six cases were histologically confirmed as benign (six cases, 23%) or malignant (20 cases, 77%); we stained 26 LBC slides with HBME-1 and CD56 through the cell transfer method. For evaluation of reactivity of immunocytochemistry, we chose atypical follicular cell clusters. Results: CD56 was not reactive in 18 of 20 cases (90%) of malignant nodules and showed cytoplasmic positivity in five of six cases (83%) of benign nodules. CD56 showed high sensitivity (90.0%) and relatively low specificity (83.3%) in detecting malignancy (p=.004). HBME-1 was reactive in 17 of 20 cases (85%) of malignant nodules and was not reactive in five of six cases (83%) of benign nodules. HBME-1 showed slightly lower sensitivity (85.0%) than CD56. The specificity in detecting malignancy by HBME-1 was similar to that of CD56 (83.3%, p=.008). CD56 and HBME-1 tests combined showed lower sensitivity (75.0% vs 90%) and higher specificity (93.8% vs 83.3%) in detecting malignancy compared to using CD56 alone. Conclusions: Using CD56 alone showed relatively low specificity despite high sensitivity for detecting malignancy. Combining CD56 with HBME-1 could increase the specificity. Thus, we suggest that CD56 could be a useful preoperative marker for differential diagnosis of TBSRTC category III samples.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.92-96
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• 1996

Extrathoracic metastases of thymomas are extremely rare, occurring in less than 2% of cases. We present a case of metastatic thymoma in the liver diagnosed by aspiration biopsy. A fine-needle aspirate from a hepatic mass of a 65-year old man who had a history of malignant thymoma locally invading pericardium was examined. Nests of epithelial cells with few scattered lymphocytes were present. The nuclei of the epithelial cells were round to oval and appeared relatively uniform and regular, with fine chromatin pattern. They had one or two, small but lather conspicuous nucleoli. Unlike previous reports on the findings of the aspiration cytology of thymomas, the characteristic biphasic pattern was not present in this case.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1019-1027
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• 2022

Objective: Thyroidectomy bed lesions frequently show suspicious ultrasound (US) features after thyroid surgery. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) may not provide definitive pathological information about the lesions. Although core-needle biopsy (CNB) has excellent diagnostic performance in characterizing suspicious thyroid nodules, no published studies have evaluated the performance of CNB specifically for thyroidectomy bed lesions. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and safety of CNB for characterizing thyroidectomy bed lesions. Materials and Methods: A total of 124 thyroidectomy bed lesions in 113 patients (79 female and 34 male; age, 23-85 years) who underwent US-guided CNB between December 2008 and December 2020 were included. We reviewed the US imaging features of the target lesions and the histories of previous biopsies. The pathologic results, diagnostic performance for malignancy, and complications of CNB were analyzed. Results: All samples (100%) obtained by CNB were adequate for pathological analysis. Pathological analysis revealed inconclusive results in two lesions (1.6%). According to the reference standard, 50 lesions were ultimately malignant (40.3%), and 72 were benign (58.1%), excluding the two inconclusive lesions. The performance of CNB for diagnosing malignant thyroidectomy bed lesions in the 122 lesions had a sensitivity of 98.0% (49/50), a specificity of 100% (72/72), positive predictive value of 100% (49/49), and negative predictive value of 98.6% (72/73). Eleven lesions were referred for CNB after prior inconclusive FNA results in thyroidectomy bed lesions, for all of which CNB yielded correct conclusive pathologic diagnoses. According to the pathological analysis of CNB, there were various benign lesions (58.9%, 73/124) besides recurrence, including benign postoperative lesions other than suture granuloma (32.3%, 40/124), suture granuloma (15.3%, 19/124), remnant thyroid tissue (5.6%, 7/124), parathyroid lesions (4%, 5/124), and abscesses (1.6%, 2/124). No major or minor complications were associated with the CNB procedure. Conclusion: US-guided CNB is accurate and safe for characterizing thyroidectomy bed lesions.