• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2004

This study describes the analysis results of unsteady cavitating flows behavior inside nozzle of the prototype piezo-driven injector. This piezo-driven injector has been recognised as one of the next generation diesel injector due to a higher driven efficiency than the conventional solenoid-driven injector. The three dimensional geometry model along the central cross-section regarding of one injection hole has been used to simulate the cavitating flows for injection time by at fully transient simulation with cavitation model. The cavitation model incorporates many of the fundamental physical processes assumed to take place in cavitating flows. The simulations performed were both fully transient and 'pseudo' steady state, even if under steady state boundary conditions. We could analyze the effect the pressure drop to the sudden acceleration of fuel, which is due to the fastest response of needle, on the degree of cavitation existed in piezo-driven injector nozzle

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1964

Cha, Jong Whan (Dept. of Biology, Graduate School, Dong Kuk Univ.) The changes of chemical properties of forest soils in dry and wet seasons. Kor. Jour. Bot. VII(2): 1-8, 1964. Soil selected for the present investigation was collected from a mountain of the Forestry Experiment Station of the vicinity of Seoul. The forest communities studied were three forest and a unplanted soils. The soil samples were obtained from each forest type during dry and wet seasons. And these samples were collected from four horizons of all communities respectively. It was showed that exchangeable hydrogen was increased by rainfall, and total exchangeable base decreased in the same way. The content of nitrogen is washed away by rainfall, especially ammonium nitrogen was highly significant between dry and wet season. On the contrary, organic matter and available phosphorus were of no significant difference between dry and wet seasons. The values of pH appeared a different response in dry and wet seasons according to the plant communities. The needle-leaved forest soils showed more acidity than the broad-leaved forest soils, and the least acidity in open places. All nutrients in soil studied gradually decreased down the profiles. According to statistical analyses of the soil components among all soil horizons, total exchangeable bases in wet season indicated only significant at 1%. Exchangeable hydrogen and organic matter of the soil in dry season was particularly very low with increased depth in the profile. The fertility level of most forested soils selected for the present investigation is low according to chemical tests for available nutrient elements.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2006

In the response to the demand for electrical energy , much effort was given to develop and commercialize high temperature superconducting (HTS) power equipments has been made around the world. Especially, HTS transformer is one of the most promising devices . but the cryogenic insulation technology should be established during development Hence many types of dielectric tests should be carried out to understand the dielectric phenomena at cryogenic temperature and to gather various dielectric data. Among the many types dielectric tests . the characteristic of barrier effect were conducted using simulated electrode after analysing the insulating configuration of HTS transformer main winding. The influence of a barrier on the dielectric strength was measured according to the position of the harriet the number of the barrier and thickness or the barrier. It was shown that the effectiveness . namely the ratio of the breakdown voltage in presence of barrier to the voltage without barrier, is highest when the barrier is placed at the needle electrode side. On the contrary, in the case of having the barrier between the electrodes, the harrier was placed between the electrodes the characteristic was even improved slightly.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2006

목 적: 재발한 vulva 종양의 근접 치료 시 정상조직의 장애와 종양 체적 내의 선량 균등도를 개선하기 위해 modified MUPIT applicator를 자체 고안하였으며 이에 대한 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: Modified MUPIT applicator는 template, cylinder, interstitial needle로 구성 되었으며, 종양 체적을 정하기 위하여 치료 전 CT를 시행하였다. CT 영상을 이용하여 Interstitial needle의 삽입 위치를 결정하고, 수술실에서 template를 치료 부위에 고정을 시키고, cylinder를 vaginal cavity에 삽입한 후, interstitial needle을 종양 체적 내에 삽입하였다. 삽입된 interstitial needle의 정확한 위치를 확인하기 위하여 확인용 CT를 시행하였으며, simulation을 통하여 얻어진 orthogonal film을 이용하여 치료 계획을 수립하였다. 일일 종양 선량은 600 cGy, BID로 3,000 cGy를 조사하였으며, 치료 시 직장 선량을 평가하기 위하여 TLD를 이용하여 anal verge를 기준으로 5개 지점에서의 직장 선량을 측정하였다. 결 과: Modified MUPIT applicator 대한 유용성을 평가하기 위하여 측정된 직장 선량은 34.1 cGy, 57.1 cGy, 103.8 cGy, 162.7 cGy, 165.7 cGy로 측정되었으며, 외부방사선치료(EBRT: External Beam Radiation Therapy), 강내방사선치료(ICR: Intracavitary radiotherapy)와 중첩되는 지점은 34.1 cGy, 57.1 cGy로 매우 우수하게 평가되었다. 결 론: 자체 제작한 modified MUPIT applicator 사용하여 조직 내 근접치료(Interstitial brachytherapy)를 시행함으로써, 외부방사선치료로 접근하기 어려운 종양에 대하여 선량 균등도를 효율적으로 개선할 수 있었고, 직장 선량을 최소화하여 직장의 부작용 발생 확률을 현저히 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2001

Objective : There has been no known report on the pain shock after administering Korean bee-venom therapy. Three accounts of pain shock were observed at the Sangji university affiliated Oriental medicine clinic from July 2001 through September 2001. This thesis will inform clinical progression and cautions on administering Korean bee-venom therapy. Methods: We were able to witness different patterns of pain shock during the treatment of degenerative knee joint, progressive oral paralysis, and A.L.S. In order to reduce heat toxicity of the bee venom, needling points were first massaged with the ice for 10 minutes before injecting $0.1{\sim}0.2cc$ of the bee venom. Points of injection were ST36, LI11, LI4 and others. Pain shock occurred after injecting on inner xi-an, outer xi-an and LI4. The phenomena associated with pain shock was recorded in chronological order and local changes were examined. Results: Through examining 3 patients with the pain shock, we managed to observe clinical progression, duration, and time linked changes on specific regions. We also managed to determine sensitive needling points for the pain shock. Conclution: Following results were obtained from 3 patients with the pain shock caused by Korean bee-venom therapy from July 2001 to September 2001. 1. Either positive or negative responses were shown after the pain shock. For case 1, extreme pain was accompanied with muscular convulsion and tremble, ocular hyperemia, delirium, stiffening of extremities, and hyper ventilation which all suggest positive responses. For case 2 and 3, extreme pain was accompanied with facial sweating, asthenia of extremities, pallor face, dizziness, weak voice, and sleepiness which are the signs of negative responses. 2. The time required to recover to stable state took nearly an hour (including sleeping time) and there was no side effect. 3. Precautions required to prevent the pain shock includes full concentration from the practitioner, accurate point location, precise amount of injection, physiological condition and psychological stability of the patient 4. Coping with the pain shock should be similar with a needle shock, and since extreme pain is accompanied, sufficient psychological rest must be provided. 5. Pain shock occurs because the patient cannot tolerate stimulation on the needling point. Thus, symptoms were similar to the needle shock in addition to excruciating pain. Further investigation and research must be done to have better understanding of an immune response and the pain shock associated with Korean bee-venom therapy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Asthma-depression and Immunoregulation with PR-HAS(Herbal-acupuncture with Platycodi Radix infusion solution) injection at Joksamni(St36) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The experimental group(OVA-PR-HA) wase treated with concentrations(1%) of PR-HAS at Joksamni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). The second experimental group(OVA-Needle prick) was treated with Needle-Prick at Joksamni(St36) for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The weight and total cells in the mice lung treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased remarkably compared with those of control group. 3. The sticking of collagen on histological analysis of lung sections, the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 5. The number of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+\;and\;CD11b^+$ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 6. The numbers of $CCR3^+\;cells,\;CD4^+\;cells\;and\;CD8^+\;cells$ in the lungs, and $CD3e^+/CD69^+$ in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 7. The mRNA expression of ${\beta}-actin,\;TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5,IL-13 in the mice group treated with PR-HA with RT-PCR decreased significantly compared with those of control group. Conclusion : The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. The number of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+\;and\;CD11b^+$ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. The numbers of $CCR3^+\;cells,\;CD4^+\;cells\;and\;CD8^+\;cells$ in the lungs, and $CD3e^+/CD69^+$ in the lungs of the mice group treated with PR-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. The mRNA expression of ${\beta}-actin,\;TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in the mice group treated with PR-HA with RT-PCR decreased significantly compared with those of control group. These result suggests that Platycodi Radix Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) in C57BL/6mice may be an effictive part to OVA-induced asthma in C57BL/6 mice.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.119-135
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the Asthma-suppressive and Immune-regulatory effect of AF-HA(Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture) at Joksamni(St36) in OVA(ovalbumin) induced asthma mouse model. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The mice in the OVA-AF-HA group were treated with AF-HA at St36 for the later 8weeks(3times/week). The mice in the OVA-Needle-prick group were treated with single prick with an injection needle at St36 for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The lung weight and the total cells in lung of the mice treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased remarkably compared with those of the OVA-control group. 3. The collagen accumulation in lung of OVA-AF-HA group decreased significantly compared with that of the OVA-control group, 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 5. The numbers of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+\;and\;CD11b^+$ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 6. The numbers of $CCR3^+,\;CD4^+,\;CD8^+\;and \;CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at 5136 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 7. The mRNA expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL13 in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) may be an effictive therapeutic method to treat asthma.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 1962

리기다소나무와 젓나무의 야외삽목(野外揷木)이 수원농과대학(水原農科大學) 임업묘포(林業苗圃)에서 1956년(年) 실시(實施)되었는데 다음과 같은 사실(事實)이 확인(確認)되었다. 리기다소나무(pinus rigida)에 있어서는 총 1335본의 삽수가 3년생 및 10년생의 모수에서 얻어지고 표(表)에서 보이는바와 같은 처리(處理)를 받고 3월(月) 13일(日) 및 4월(月) 20일에 삽목(揷木)되었다. 이에 있어서는 (1) 유령목(幼齡木)일수록 발근(發根)이 높다는것과 50ppm의 IBA 또는 NAA가 가장 좋은 결과(34 per cent)를 보여주었다. (2) lammas shoot에서는 전연 발근이 되지 않았다. (3) 삽목시기(揷木時期)가 또한 발근율(發根率)에 영향을 주었다. (4) 발근기원(發根起元)은 삽수(揷穗)의 하단부위(下端部位) 또는 절구(切口)에 생긴 Callus 부터였다. 젓나무(Abies holophylla)에 있어서는 30년생의 모수에서 삽수(揷穗)가 채취(採取)되었고 3월(月) 23일(日)에 삽목(揷木)되었다. 이에 있어서는 (1) 수관(樹冠)의 상반부(上半部)에서 채취(採取)된 삽수는 전연 발근(發根)하지 않았다. (2) 수관(樹冠)의 하반부(下半部)에서 얻어진 삽수(揷穗)에 있어서는 20ppm IAA, 20ppm IBA, 2)ppm NAA, 20ppm thiamine 및 5 percent sucrose의 혼함용액이 가장 좋은 발근율(發根率)(22 per cent)를 보여주었다. (3) 모든 발근(發根)은 불규칙(不規則)한 parenchymatous 조직(組織)에서 유래했었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1320-1323
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• 2001

SAPHO syndrome is an acronym for an increasingly recognized syndrome of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis. Most of the previously reported case are from Japan and Europe. The authors report a case of SAPHO syndrome in Korean female who presented with extrasternal neurologic symptoms. A 60-year-old female with thoracic and right chest wall pain presented with the sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis, and recurrent aseptic osteitis. Previously, she had hystrectomy and thyroidectomy due to uterine malignancy 25 years ago. Also, she started to take medications for palm and sole pustulosis 7 days prior to admission. Through evaluation of clinical, radiological, serological studies, studies was done along with bone needle biopsy for the biological reassessment. The hyperostosis was found in the pedicles of thoracic 8, 9, 10 vertebrae and sternoclavicular joint. Radio-isotope bone scan showed an accumulation of tracer in thoracic vertebra. The bone biopsy from these site showed increased osseous turnover, thickening of trabeculae accompanied by mild acculuation of granulation tissue and round cell infiltration, compatible with mild chronic inflammation with marrow fibrosis. The patient showed good response to conservative management. The authors report a case of SAPHO syndrome with thoracic radiculopathy. It is considered that SAPHO syndrome is related to spondyloarthropathy, and appears to have benign disease process with good prognosis.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 1994

The MeOH extract of the fruits of Melia toosendan was selected for futher study by its cytotoxicity and effect on the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. The active principle obtained by activity guided fractionation followed by purification gave rise to a needle crystal. The structure was deduced by employing NMR and was determined to be identical with 28-deacetyl sendanin by comparison with published data. This compound induced morphological change of MCF-7 to be rounded with tubule at concentrations between $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.025\;{\mu}g/ml$. This compound, however, showed strong cytotoxic effect on Hepalclc7 and HepG2, and their $GI_{50}$ on the hepatoma cell lines were $0.238\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $0.805\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Its effect on lymphocyte of mouse was stronger than hepatoma cell lines, and their $ED_{50}$ of polyclonal antibody response was $0.011\;{\mu}g/ml$, and $ED_{50}$ of cell viability was $0.039\;{\mu}g/ml$.