• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.625-636
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• 2013

Pressing demands of economic competitiveness, the need for large-scale deployment, minimizing the need of human intervention, and experience from the past events and incidents at operating reactors have guided the evolution and innovations in reactor technologies. Indian innovative reactor 'AHWR' is a pressure-tube type natural circulation based boiling water reactor that is designed to meet such requirements, which essentially reflect the needs of next generation reactors. The reactor employs various passive features to prevent and mitigate accidental conditions, like a slightly negative void reactivity coefficient, passive poison injection to scram the reactor in event of failure of the wired shutdown systems, a large elevated pool of water as a heat sink inside the containment, passive decay heat removal based on natural circulation and passive valves, passive ECC injection, etc. It is designed to meet the fundamental safety requirements of safe shutdown, safe decay heat removal and confinement of activity with no impact in public domain, and hence, no need for emergency planning under all conceivable scenarios. This paper examines the role of the various passive safety systems in prevention and mitigation of severe plant conditions that may arise in event of multiple failures. For the purpose of demonstration of the effectiveness of its passive features, postulated scenarios on the lines of three major severe accidents in the history of nuclear power reactors are considered, namely; the Three Mile Island (TMI), Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents. Severe plant conditions along the lines of these scenarios are postulated to the extent conceivable in the reactor under consideration and analyzed using best estimate system thermal-hydraulics code RELAP5/Mod3.2. It is found that the various passive systems incorporated enable the reactor to tolerate the postulated accident conditions without causing severe plant conditions and core degradation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2024.05a
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• pp.711-714
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• 2024

In the dynamic landscape of modern machine learning, Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a compelling paradigm designed to enhance privacy by enabling participants to collaboratively train models without sharing their private data. Specifically, Distillation-based Federated Learning, like Federated Learning with Model Distillation (FedMD), Federated Gradient Encryption and Model Sharing (FedGEMS), and Differentially Secure Federated Learning (DS-FL), has arisen as a novel approach aimed at addressing Non-IID data challenges by leveraging Federated Learning. These methods refine the standard FL framework by distilling insights from public dataset predictions, securing data transmissions through gradient encryption, and applying differential privacy to mask individual contributions. Despite these innovations, our survey identifies persistent vulnerabilities, particularly concerning the susceptibility to logit inversion attacks where malicious actors could reconstruct private data from shared public predictions. This exploration reveals that even advanced Distillation-based Federated Learning systems harbor significant privacy risks, challenging the prevailing assumptions about their security and underscoring the need for continued advancements in secure Federated Learning methodologies.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.23.1-23.6
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• 2020

The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is the de facto standard ontology to describe human phenotypes in detail, and it is actively used, particularly in the field of rare disease diagnoses. For clinicians who are not fluent in English, the HPO has been translated into many languages, and there have been four initiatives to develop Japanese translations. At the Biomedical Linked Annotation Hackathon 6 (BLAH6), a rule-based approach was attempted to determine the preferable Japanese translation for each HPO term among the candidates developed by the four approaches. The relationship between the HPO and Mammalian Phenotype translations was also investigated, with the eventual goal of harmonizing the two translations to facilitate phenotype-based comparisons of species in Japanese through cross-species phenotype matching. In order to deal with the increase in the number of HPO terms and the need for manual curation, it would be useful to have a dictionary containing word-by-word correspondences and fixed translation phrases for English word order. These considerations seem applicable to HPO localization into other languages.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2022-2042
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• 2020

This research aims to contribute to the discipline of knowledge management (KM) in Higher Education (HE), and is conducted using the case of the study programme (SP) for Integrated Academic Studies (IAS) of Technics and Informatics (TI). A deduction-induction methodology is applied, using a Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) approach to design a suitable KM concept for making improvements to the SP IAS TI on the standardisation platform. Based on the application of the International Classification of Standards (ICS), the research analyses the correlations and competences acquired during the courses within the accredited TI study programme of two-course studies. On the basis of the results of a comparative analysis of the developmental learning process and educational goals, it is shown that knowledge management in correlation with standardisation leads to the improvement of study programmes in the upcoming accreditation cycle on the standardisation platform. Frequent innovations within standardised thematic fields (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.) indicate the need for appropriate changes to the SP. The contribution to KM is through an original analysis of annual samples of more than 90,000 standardised sources in correlation with the TI study programme. Expert System (ES) modelling and the original results enable an analogous contribution to the future KM of other SPs.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4203-4223
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• 2021

Accelerated by the Internet of Things (IoT), the need for further technical innovations and developments within wireless communications beyond the fifth generation (B5G) networks is up-and-coming in the past few years. High altitude platform station (HAPS) communication is expected to achieve such high levels that, with high data transfer rates and low latency, millions of devices and applications can work seamlessly. The HAPS has emerged as an indispensable component of next-generations of wireless networks, which will therefore play an important role in promoting massive IoT interconnectivity with 6G. The performance of communication and key technology mainly depend on the characteristic of channel, thus we propose an efficient Markov chain based channel model, then analyze the HAPS communication system's uplink capability and swing effect through experiments. According to the simulation results, the efficacy of the proposed scheme is proven to meet the requirements of ubiquitous connectivity in future IoT enabled by 6G.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.27-33
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• 2024

Purpose: Arts and cultural management are a field with unique meaning and significance. This study is uniquely based on the focus of arts and cultural management on social and cultural sustainability sets it apart from other related study fields. Through delving into arts and cultural management, one can quickly gain skills vis-à-vis creativity and innovation in traditional and emerging media platforms. Research design, data and methodology: The current researcher relied on the descriptive research design, arriving at and evaluating the findings. The descriptive research design was the most ideal because of the need to evaluate the various literature sources systematically and later describe them without undue influence. Results: This research's core finding of art and cultural management in the current literature may be split up four findings, such as (1) Art and Cultural Management is Fast Embracing Digital Innovations and Related Elements, (2) Data and Analytics in Art and Cultural Management, (3) Interdisciplinary Nature of Arts and Cultural Management Elements, and (4) Arts and Cultural Management Face Numerous Challenges that Define it and its Future. Conclusions: All in all, based on the literature findings, the present research concludes that It is incumbent upon the various stakeholders, such as the government, to prioritize the arts and cultural management field through adequate budgeting and allocation of money.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.762-769
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• 2022

Genetic testing in prenatal diagnosis is a precious tool providing valuable information in clinical management and parental decision-making. For the last year, cytogenetic testing methods, such as G-banding karyotype analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization, chromosomal microarray, and gene panels have evolved to become part of routine laboratory testing. However, the limitations of each of these methods demonstrate the need for a revolutionary technology that can alleviate the need for multiple technologies. The recent introduction of new genomic technologies based on next-generation sequencing has changed the current practice of prenatal testing. The promise of these innovations lies in the fast and cost-effective generation of genome-scale sequence data with exquisite resolution and accuracy for prenatal diagnosis. Here, we review the current state of sequencing-based pediatric diagnostics, associated challenges, as well as future prospects.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.154-159
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• 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly impacted all aspects of undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing medical education. Only the focus of medical education-care for patients and communities-has remained an integral part of all of the above sectors. Several challenges have been experienced by learners and educators as the education and training of future doctors has continued in the midst of this crisis, including the cancellation of face-to-face classes and training, reduced patient encounter opportunities, fairness issues in online assessments, disruption of patient interview-based exams, reflections on the role of doctors in society, and mental health-related problems linked to isolation and concerns about infection. In response to these disruptions, educators and institutions have rapidly deployed educational innovations. Schools have adopted educational strategies to overcome these challenges by implementing novel education delivery methods in an online format, providing clinical experiences through simulation or telehealth methods, introducing online assessment tools with formative purposes, encouraging learners' involvement in nonclinical activities such as community service, and making available resources and programs to sustain learners' mental health and wellness. During the COVID-19 pandemic, educators and institutions have faced drastic changes in medical education worldwide. At the same time, the quantitative expansion of online education has caused other problems, such as the lack of human collaboration. The long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education need to be studied further.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

In today's knowledge-based economy, measurement and disclosure (M&D) of intellectual capital (IC) are crucial for enhancing business performance and competitiveness. In the global world, M&D of IC are useful means to keep investors well-informed and reduce information asymmetry. At present, very few leading corporations in India have disclosed IC information on a 'voluntary' basis. Traditional accounting practices, therefore, will need to assimilate innovations that seek to meaningfully represent the 'true-value' of the intangible assets of the company. This is an exploratory study of IC M&D by 8 Indian companies over 5-year period, using 'content' analysis and market-value-added (MVA) as research methodologies. The annual reports of companies were collected from their respective websites. As part of present study, various statistical techniques have been used to analyze the data. The findings show that the sample companies, on an average, reported a positive value of IC, along with wide-disparity, low-level of ICD. Unfortunately, the omission of IC information may adversely influence the quality of decisions made by shareholders, or lead to material misstatements. Finally, we recommend to "the international accounting bodies, to take the lead by establishing a harmonized ICD standard, and provide guidance to the big listed-companies for proper measurement and disclosure of IC, both for internal and external users."

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Payment systems are evolving, and this study examines how blockchain and AI improve online transactional security and service quality. The study examines micro and macro payment systems, compares online, and offline methods all over the world. The study also examines how blockchain and AI affect payment system security, privacy, and efficiency globally and rapidly digitizing economy. Digital payment methods are growing all over the world with high literacy and digital engagement, but they face challenges. The research highlights cybersecurity threats and the need to balance user convenience and security. It suggests blockchain and AI improve online payment services, supporting the policies for different countries. In this extensive research survey, we compare and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various payment systems, their practicality, and their robustness. This study also examines how technological innovations and payment systems interact to reveal how blockchain and AI could transform the financial sector. It seeks to understand how technology-enhancing service quality can boost customer satisfaction and financial stability in the digital age. The findings should help policymakers, financial institutions, and technology developers optimize online payment systems for a more secure and efficient digital economy.