• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 2002

A General survey on the cleft lip and/or palate patients in Pusan National University Hospital was done. The conclusions were as follow. 1. In gender ratio, male was higher than female. 2. In the cleft type, unilateral cleft lip and palate, cleft lip and alveolus, and bilateral cleft lip and palate in higher ratio order. Left unilateral cleft lip and palate was higher than right in ratio. 3. In first hospital visiting age for dental treatment, the group from 6 years old to 12 years old was most and in that the age group for attending elementary school (about 7-8 years old) showed especially higher ratio. The large majority of patient were born in 1980's and lived in Pusan metropolitan city, KyungSangNamDo. Especially, most of them lived in the neighboring Held of Pusan National University Hospital. 4. Class III skeletal pattern and Angle's Class III molar relationship was most prevalent. Angle's Class II molar relationship showed relative higher ratio because tooth loss and malposition. 5. Primary lip closure in 3 months, secondary lip closure in 6-7 years old, palatal closure in 12-16 months and bone graft in 8-10 years old were operated mostly. Rhinoplasty and scar revision were operated in too early age so the need of infantile orthopedics must be considered. 6. Maxillary expansion and protraction were operated mostly in 8-11 years old but operating in primary dentition must be considered. 7. Tooth alignment were started mostly in mixed dentition and consideration about prosthodontic treatment and retention will be need. 8. In tooth anomaly, tooth malformation and missing were most prevalent.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.2 s.115
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• pp.161-169
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate cephalometrically the short term static velopharyngeal changes in 25 patients (10 boys and 15 girls, aged from 5 years 9 months to 12 years 10 months in the beginning of treatment) with skeletal Class III malocclusions who underwent nonsurgical maxillary protraction therapy with a facemask. The linear, angular and ratio measurements were made on lateral cephalograms. Only the change in hard palatal plane angle was negatively correlated with the change in maxillary depth or N-perp to A (p<0.01). The change in velar angle showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.001). This change was influenced more by the soft palatal plane angle than by the hard palatal plane angle (p<0.001). The changes in soft tissue nasopharyngeal depth and hard tissue nasopharyngeal depth showed statistically significant increases (p<0.001). Correlations between the changes in soft tissue (or hard tissue) nasopharyngeal depth and the change in soft palatal plane angle were significant (p<0.05). The increase in hard palate length was statistically significant (p<0.001). The change in hard palate length was negatively correlated with the change in soft tissue nasopharyngeal depth (p<0.05). The change in need ratio S (C) showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.001). But this difference was within the normal range reported by previous studies. These findings indicate that the velopharyngeal competence was maintained even if the anatomical condition of the static velopharyngeal area were changed after maxillary protraction.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.155-172
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• 1995

This study is an empirical analysis on the equity in the delivery of heatlh care under the Korean Medical Insurance Corporation System. The purposes of this study are to find out effects of income on the health care utiliztion and measure the income-related inequity in the distribution of health care. This study was carried out based on the fact that the health insurance program has been organized to achieve the equity objective, "equal treatment for equal needs". Of 41, 828 insured persons who had been diagnosed in the 1993 Health Screening Test and utilifzation data from 1, January 1993 through 31, December 1993 were derived from the Benefit Managment File. Inequity was measured by means of I) share approach, ii) standardization concentration curve approach, iii) inequity index, iv) test for inequity. The major findings were as follows : 1. The expenditure shares of the top two quintile groups exceeded their morbidity shares, whereas the opposite was true of the bottom three quintile groups, Which showed a positive HI$_{LG}$ inequity index, suggesting the presence of some inequity favoring the rich group. 2. Compared with other residential areas, the rural area showed the highest positive HI$_{LG}$ irrespective of need indicatior applied. 3. Standardized expenditure concentration indices adjusted by age, gender and need structure were also found to be positive, and therefore still indicated that there has been inequity favoring the rich after the standardization. 4. The Loglikelihood Ratio (LR) test for the statistical significance of income-related inequity of medical care utilization was carried out using the logistic regression model. The resulting loglikelihood ratio test statistic value was 176, which did exceed the 0.5 percent critical value of the chi-square distribution with 28 degrees of freedom, which is 50.993. Therefore, the null hypothesis of no income-related inequity of medical care utilization was rejected at the 99.5 percent confidence level. 5. The Regression based F-test has been carried out for analyzing the income-related inequity of medical expenditure in terms of age, gender, morbidity indicators as explanary variables. The hypothesis of the absence of income-relate inequity was rejected for all need indicators at the 95% confidence level.nce level.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.129-154
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• 1998

In these days the online full-text database are increasing, but conventional full-text information retrieval system has been proved with high recall ratio and low precision ratio. One of the disadvantages of full-text IR system is that it is not designed to reflect the user's information need it is due to the fact that full-text IR system has been designed based on physical and logical structure of document without considering the content of document. Therefore, the purpose of the study examined feasibility of document content structure in full-text IR system by resolving such disadvantages of conventional system. 180 Journal articles have been analyzed to find common structure of document content and finally general model of the structure of journal articles were developed. The result shows that have relation to between user's cogntive schema structure, user's information need and contents structure of document. Thus it is concluded that full-text IR system need to be designed by using document content structure in order to meet user's information need more effectively.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.705-718
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• 2014

This paper presents an analytical model for determining the transverse reinforcement required for reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joints subjected to reversed cyclic loading. Although the joint aspect ratio can affect joint shear strength, current design codes do not consider its effects in calculating joint shear strength and the necessary amount of transverse reinforcement. This study re-evaluated previous exterior beam-column joint tests collected from 11 references and showed that the joint shear strength decreases as the joint aspect ratio increases. An analytical model was developed, to quantify the transverse reinforcement required to secure safe load flows in exterior beam-column joints. Comparisons with a database of exterior beam-column joint tests from published literature validated the model. The required sectional ratios of horizontal transverse reinforcement calculated by the proposed model were compared with those specified in ACI 352R-02. More transverse reinforcement is required as the joint aspect ratio increases, or as the ratio of vertical reinforcement decreases; however, ACI 352R-02 specifies a constant transverse reinforcement, regardless of the joint aspect ratio. This reevaluation of test data and the results of the analytical model demonstrate a need for new criteria that take the effects of joint aspect ratio into account in exterior joint design.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.72-81
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• 2015

This paper studied the differences of the inventories asset turnover change ratio and several characteristics variable between large and small manufacturing firm group. Large and small firm group were determined based on number of labors and asset size. Several characteristics variable of firms such as assets size, sales growth rate, return on assets, leverage ratio, credit rating and age of firm were used to find out the differences of firm group. As a result, the inventory asset turnover change ratio of large firm was 5.16% and that of the middle and small firm was 9.3%. For the large firm, sales growth rate, ROA and credit rating affect inventory assets turnover change ratio. For the middle and small sized firm, Assets size, sales growth rate and credit rating affect inventory assets turnover change ratio. Using this result, we can say that manufacturing company need to consider their firm size and their characteristics to make their own operation strategy of inventory.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.95-125
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• 2009

This paper examines the disciplinary effect of deposits using the semiannual accounting data of mutual savings banks(henceforth 'MSBs') in Korea for the period of 2003 through 2007. I find overall strong evidence in favor of the existence of market discipline in the industry. MSBs with higher BIS ratio and lower NPL ratio turn out to have higher increase rate of deposits than MSBs with lower such ratios. The coefficient of NPL ratio becomes greater with time, suggesting that the effect is cumulative. It turns out that depositors respond more sensitively to NPL ratio than BIS ratio in a period of MSB failure. On the other hand, MSBs turn out to act very positively responding to the depositors' discipline. They increase BIS ratio or decrease NPL ratio following the previous decrease in deposits. Government authorities need to make more efforts to develop a suitable incentive system (e.g. penalties on a false disclosure) to improve the efficiency of disclosure by MSBs. Moreover, they need to acknowledge the importance of NPL ratio as a market disciplinary tool which has been becoming more important, especially in times of MSB failure.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hydropower factors (watershed, gross head), operation ratio and unit electricity cost on the benefit-cost ratio (B/C ratio) of small hydropower using agricultural reservoirs. The equation of B/C ratio was expressed as a function of watershed area, gross head, operation ratio and unit electricity cost. The benefit increased with watershed area, gross head and unit electricity cost, while the cost increased with watershed area and gross head but decreased with operation ratio. The B/C ratio increased with watershed area, gross head, operation ratio and unit electricity cost. While the effect of gross head on the B/C ratio decreased with watershed area, the effect of operation ratio and unit electricity cost on the B/C ratio increased with watershed area. The operation ratio is an important factor to affect the B/C ratio and therefore we need to develop hydropower for the heightened dams to expect high operation ratio due to continuous water release. The unit electricity cost is also an important factor to affect the B/C ratio and the B/C ratio was always below 1 unless unit electricity cost is over 60 Won/kWh under given conditions. The reservoirs with economic feasibility for small hydropower development were three in 21 when the equation of B/C ratio was appled to the study reservoirs. The results can be used to choose the appropriate reservoir with economic feasibility for development of small hydropower.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.751-756
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• 2000

The dynamic characteristics such as natural frequency, mode shape and damping ratio are most important parameters in the high-speed railway bridges rather than general roadway bridges. Also, the need to know the dynamic behavior of bridges greatly increased in recent years. In the early of 1990s, to design the high-speed railway bridges, damping ratio recommended in general code was 2.5~7.5%. However, these values were not applied in all cases. Therefore, obtaining the damping value of specific structures is important to get the correct variable for design of high-speed railway bridges. The purpose of this study is mainly to obtain the damping ratio of high-speed railway bridges. The average damping ratio of high-speed railway bridges evaluated from a field test is about 2.4%.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.739-753
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• 2014

There have been many packages that can be employed to analyze plane frames. However, because most structural analysis packages suffer from closeness of system, it is very difficult to integrate it with an optimization package. To overcome the difficulty, we proposed a possible alternative, DAMDO, which integrate Design, Analysis, Modeling, Definition, and Optimization phases into an integrative environment. The DAMDO methodology employs neural networks to integrate structural analysis package and optimization package so as not to need directly to integrate these two packages. The key problem of the DAMDO approach is how to generate a set of reasonable random designs in the first phase. According to the characteristics of optimized plane frames, we proposed the ratio variable approach to generate them. The empirical results show that the ratio variable approach can greatly improve the accuracy of the neural networks, and the plane frame optimization problems can be solved by the DAMDO methodology.