• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.23-34
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• 2022

Purpose : This study examined the effects of pain, neck dysfunction, psychosocial level, headache impact test (HIT), postural alignment, and trapezius muscle tone of the complex exercise program using dynamic taping in patients with tension headache and chronic neck pain with forward head posture. Methods : The design of this is a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Thirty-four patients with chronic neck pain were screened using a randomized assignment program and assigned to experimental group (n=17) and control group (n=17). Both groups underwent a complex exercise program. In addition, the experimental group dynamic taping was applied to the upper trapezius muscle. All interventions were applied three times per week for four weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS), the neck disability index (NDI), short form-12 health survey questionnaire (SF-12), Headache impact test-6 (HIT-6), Craniovertebral angle (CVA), Cranial rotation angle (CRA), upper trapezius muscle tone were compared to evaluate the effect on intervention. Results : Both groups showed significant differences before and after the intervention in VAS, NDI, SF-12, HIT-6, and CVA, CRA (p<.05). In addition, significant differences in NDI and upper trapezius muscle tone were observed between the experimental group and control group (p<.05). Conclusion : A complex exercise program using dynamic taping for patients with tension headache and chronic neck pain with forward head posture are effective method with clinical significance in improving the function and reducing upper trapezius muscle tone.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to measure and determine the relationship of femoral neck and lumbar bone mineral density with their and related factors. It were measured and determined the relationships among bone mineral density, bone mineral content in the lumbar and femoral neck, muscle strength (arm, back, leg), muscle endurance, instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), quality of life, cognitive perceptual variables(self efficacy, perceived health status), age, age at menopausal period. The twenty five subjects participating in this study consisted of twelve males and thirteen females at a C-institution in Chung Buk province. The mean age of subjects was 73.64 years. The data was collected from August, 1993 to September, 1993. The data was analyzed with $x^2-test$, t-test, Correlation, multiple regression using a SPSS pc+ program. 1. The mean femoral neck bone mineral density was $0.636g/cm^2$, 66.7% of young bone mineral density, the mean lumbar($L_2-L_4$) bone mineral density was $0.807g/cm^2$, 79.86% of young bone mineral density. The mean fermoral neck bone mineral content was 2.906g and the mean lumbar bone mineral content was 36.898g. 2. The mean muscle strength was 17.14kg(grip strength), 32.05kg(back lift strength), 17.14kg (leg lift strength) and the mean muscle endurance was 9.92times. 3. Men showed a significantly higher score (p<0.01) in muscle strength and muscle endurance than women, as well as a significantly higher score on self efficacy and perceived health status(p<0.05). 4. The femur neck bone mineral density had a significant correlation(p<0.0l) with leg lift strength, back lift strength, and their was a significant correlations (p<0.05) with arm strength and muscle endurance. Lumbar ($L_2-L_2$) bone mineral density had a significant correlation(p<0.05) with muscle endurance, grip strength and IADL. 5. With the multiple regression analysis the most significant predictor for lumbar bone mineral density were IADL, the most significant predictor for femoral neck bone mineral density was leg strength. This study concluded: As the mean bone mineral density and bone mineral content were low, the aged showed osteopenia. Bone mineral density, muscle strength and IADL were correlated. The aged could pro mote muscle strength, bone mineral density and IADL through Leg Press exercise which was safe and efficient for the aged. This Leg Press exercise contributed to prevention of osteoporosis and promoted the health of the aged.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.151-158
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• 2008

Poor posture of the neck and head has long been recognized as a factor contributing to the onset and perpetuation of pain in the head and neck region. This study were to evaluate the change of the neck pressure pain threshold in long term computer users. To elucidate change of the neck pressure pain threshold in long term computer users, the effect of computer using time(3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 hours) on neck pressure pain threshold were studied in 20 subjects. Neck pressure pain threshold were recorded 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 hours group, and evaluated by pressure algometry to Trapezius muscle, Sternocleidomastoidius muscle, Suboccipitalis muscle and Temporalis muscle. Neck pressure pain threshold was significantly larger in 15 hours group(p<.05). But relation between neck pressure pain threshold in male group and female group were not significant differences(p>.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the optimal knee joint angle and hip joint angle for minimizing the cervical muscle tension and maximizing the muscle activity of the trunk during the bridging exercise for trunk stabilization. METHODS: The bridging exercise in this study included seven forms of exercise: having a knee joint flexion angle of $120^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and hip joint abduction angle of $15^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$. The posture of the bridging exercise was as follows. To prevent the increase of hyper lumbar lordosis during the bridging exercise, the exercise was practiced after maintaining the lumbar neutral position through the pelvic posterior tilting exercise. RESULTS: The abduction angles did not result in statistically significant effects on the cervical erector, external oblique, rectus abdominis and erector spinae muscles. However, in relation to the knee joint angles, during the bridging exercise, statistically significant results were exhibited. CONCLUSION: The knee joint angle affected the muscle activity of the neck muscle. The greater the knee joint angle, the lower the load placed on the neck muscle. In contrast, the load increased as the knee joint angle decreased. In addition, the muscle activity of the neck muscle and trunk muscle increased as the knee joint angle decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.81-91
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of Kinesiology taping followed by pectoralis minor muscle self-stretching on the rounded shoulder posture, neck range of motion, and upper trapezius muscle tone in subjects with a rounded shoulder posture. METHODS: Thirty adults with a rounded shoulder posture were assigned randomly to one of two groups, either one that only performed pectoralis minor muscle self-stretching or a group that performed pectoralis minor muscle self-stretching after applying Kinesiology taping ; the subjects underwent four weeks of intervention. Three rounds of intervention were carried out over four weeks, and before and after the experiment, rounded shoulder posture, neck range of motion, and upper trapezius muscle tone creep were measured. RESULTS: Following the interventions, both the experimental and control groups showed significant improvement in the rounded shoulder posture, neck range of motion, upper trapezius muscle tone, stiffness, relaxation, and creep. Significant differences in the post training gains in the rounded shoulder posture and neck range of motion were observed between the experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION: These results showed that a combination of Kinesiology taping and pectoralis minor muscle self-s tretching led to more significant improvement than that seen when only utilizing the application of pectoralis minor muscle self-stretching to change the posture of the subjects with a rounded shoulder posture.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2018

This study was designed to provide basic data for developing exercise program that helps correcting posture by knowing the effect of strengthening and elongation exercises of upper extremity muscle to forward head posture correction. In this study determined subjects whether they had forward head posture or not. On the basis of the New York state posture rating, if a subject's posture is match up with the normal standard posture, gives 5 points and if the posture is slightly get out of the normal standard posture, gives 3 points and if the posture is apparently get out of the standard, gives 1 points. When determining the forward head posture, if talus, humerus and outer ear center are on the same line, it is determined as normal and if outer ear center is off the line less than 1.0cm, it is a slight deformation and if outer ear center is off the line more than 1.0cm, it is a high deformation. In the study selected people who have more than 1 cm gap between two vertical lines start from outer ear center and acromion separately as subjects. Length between the ideal alignment line measured by using goniometer and temporal region showed statistically significant decrease as $2.36{\pm}1.07cm$ before the intervention and $1.06{\pm}0.88cm$ after the intervention. After 4 weeks of neck and chest extensor muscle exercise, the group who exercised both showed increase in range of neck joint motion and neck flexion of the forward head posture. Meanwhile the group who only exercised neck extensor muscle only and the group who only exercised chest extensor muscle didn't showed statistically significant result. That only the group who exercised both muscles showed significant result is the different with studies before. Because this study didn't target patient who had a lesion, couldn't compare effect of the conservative manner and exercise. However, this study provides the fact that the group who exercised both neck and chest muscle had more effect than the control group.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Background: Neck pain is a major health problem in developed countries and has a lifetime prevalence of 50%. Major problems include a reduced cervical range of motion, muscle stiffness, dysfunction, postural changes, and decrease in psychosocial level. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effects of applying the upper trapezius inhibition dynamic taping to patients with chronic neck pain on their neck pain, functional level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck posture. Methods: The study design was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 40 patients with neck pain participated in this study and were randomly assigned to a Dynamic Taping group (n = 20) or Sham Taping group (n = 20). In both groups, basic intervention cervical pain control therapy and shoulder stabilization exercise program were performed. In addition, dynamic taping and sham taping were applied to participants in the Dynamic Taping and Sham Taping groups to inhibit the trapezius muscle, respectively. All interventions were performed three times a week and a total of 12 times for 4 weeks, and the participants' neck pain, functional impairment level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck posture were measured and compared before and after the intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant differences in neck pain, functional level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck postural before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences between the two groups regarding the functional level and neck posture (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Inhibition dynamic taping of the upper trapezius muscle suppression is an effective method with clinical significance in reducing pain in individuals with chronic neck pain and improving the functional level, cervical range of motion, psychosocial level, and neck posture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.20 no.4 s.72
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• pp.148-153
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• 2005

Computer dominated jobs and industrial automation have rapidly created work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) and WMSDS are expanding to employee of other general industry. Specific risk factors associated with WMSDs include repetitive motion, heavy lifting, forceful exertion, contact stress, vibration awkward posture and rapid hand and wrist movement. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of the neck muscle workload according to posture(joint angle) and load weight. Seven male students participated in this study. To analyze neck muscle workload was studied on electromyographic(EMG) activity for sternocleidomastoid and trapezius, was subjectively rated using a Borg's CR-10 scale. ANOVA showed that the CR-10 ratings and most EMG root-mean-square (RMS) value were statistically significant improvement according to posture(joint angle) and load weight. The results of this study indicate the joint angle and weight of neck muscle workload to provide safe working conditions. To reduce the large number and severity of WMSDs employees have been experiencing, we need to redesign the job in workplace to identify and control hazards that are reasonably likely to be causing or contributing to the WMSDs.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.310-319
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a combination of progressive scapular stabilization exercises, neck and thoracic spine mobilization, and thermoelectric physical therapy on pain, range of motion, muscle strength, and function in patients with acute whiplash injury. Design: A randomized controlled trial design. Methods: A total of 24 subjects were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=12) that performed scapular stabilization exercises, neck and thoracic spine mobilization, and physiotherapy, and a control group (n=12) that only performed neck and thoracic spine mobilization and physiotherapy. The pre-test was conducted before the intervention and consisted of a total of 12 treatment sessions of 60 minutes each, three times a week. A posttest was conducted 4 weeks later. Pain, range of motion, muscle strength, and function were assessed before and after intervention. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in pain reduction and range of motion and muscle strength improvement in the experimental group, and a significant difference was also found between the experimental group and the control group in terms of functional evaluation. Conclusions: The combination of exercise therapy and joint mobilization technique and physical therapy resulted in greater improvements in pain, range of motion, strength, and function assessment, contributing to improved overall function.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2024

Background: This study examined the effects of the muscle energy technique and cervical traction after applying conservative physical therapy to patients with cervical radiculopathy. Methods: Twenty-six patients with cervical radiculopathy were randomized into two groups: the experimental group (n=13) and the control group (n=13). The two groups performed the muscle energy technique and for 4 weeks, 3 times a week, in 70-minute sessions. Pain, range of motion, function, and muscle performance were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), cervical range of motion (CROM) goniometer, neck disability index (NDI), and stabilizer pressure biofeedback, before and after training. Results: After four weeks of therapy, the VAS (p<.001), NDI (p<.01), and the maximum strength of the deep neck flexion muscles significantly decreased (p<.01) and CROM significantly increased in both groups (p<.05). Conclusion: The muscle energy technique and therapeutic modalities such as cervical traction are effective in reducing VAS and NDI and increasing CROM and muscle performance in patients with cervical radiculopathy.