• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.38-45
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• 2021

In this study, air quality conditions were identified and analyzed in real time, at the same time, living habits and ventilation methods were maintained in the daily life of residents, and thus, this present study focuses on the lifestyles of residents. Previous studies showed a difference from this study, focusing on the study on the effects of changes in indoor air quality on human health according to the indoor air quality process test standards of the Ministry of Environment. Formaldehyde concentrations exceeded all ventilation standards, but satisfied the organic standards of the Ministry of Environment when ventilation devices and air purifiers were activated. As such, it was investigated that a large amount of formaldehyde emission in the condo is initially ventilated, but a certain concentration is maintained. The change in PM2.5 concentration according to the ventilation method showed a clear difference. As a result of simulating indoor air flow during natural ventilation, the effects of wind speed and wind direction affect the flow rate of indoor air, and indoor polluted air is stagnant even in the presence of wind and is not completely discharged. When the risk assessment results are averaged on the day of measurement, the trends of change between adults and children are almost equivalent, but the results address that children are more sensitive to risk than adults.

• Architectural research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2017

Recently, as a new perspective to view the architecture in relation to global environmental problems, interest in environmental architecture that conforms to the surrounding environment and nature with nature has been expanded as a part of the natural ecosystem, rather than seeing the building as an independent entity. Traditional Korean architecture creates a comfortable indoor environment by appropriately using the natural energy around, ranging from the arrangement of the building and the space composition to the use of detailed materials and to harmonize the artificial architectural environment without harming the natural ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to propose a method to apply the environmental control techniques of traditional buildings to modern buildings. As a research method, the characteristics of Korean traditional buildings according to the climatic characteristics of Korea were recognized through existing literature data and when applied to methods of traditional buildings, ventilation systems, control through eaves, and humidity control using Hanji the effect of energy load control on traditional buildings was analyzed and identified through existing literature. After analyzing the problems of modern architecture, we analyzed the effect of the environmental control system of traditional architecture on modern architecture. Simulation results show that the application of the environmental control system of traditional buildings to modern buildings reduces the cooling and heating load of modern buildings and has an effect on humidity control. This study suggests that quantitative energy saving will be possible if the environmental control techniques of traditional buildings are appropriately applied to modern buildings.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2010

This study aims at exploring the characteristics of the Usonian houses of Frank Lloyd Wright from an ecological viewpoint. After considering the definition and application of ecological architecture through literature review, 28 Usonian houses were selected and analyzed for the study. Also, nine Usonian houses, which clearly have ecological and historical importance, were visited and more thoroughly analyzed. The result shows that Usonian houses are ecological in terms of 1) the relationship among nature, landscape and house, 2) the orientation, natural light and natural ventilation, 3) the use of natural local materials including wood, stones and bricks, 4) the use of floor heating (the On-dol system inKorea), 5) the human scale, 6) the use of the board and batten unit (an early system of prefabrication), and 7) the openness and flexibility of floor plans.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2005

The farm house structure, ventilation system and manure treatment of two-storey buildings and sawdust pig houses were surveyed and analyzed. Based on the data for ten selected farms in five provinces during eight months, the goal is to eventually establish a standard two-storey pig house. Manure treatments were composting, slurry and activated sludge in two-storey pig houses, while fermentation method was done in sawdust pig house. The depth of sawdust as a litter material were 10 to 60cm, with a duration of 1/2, 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. The ventilation systems were the mechanical type in two-storey pig houses and natural system in the sawdust pig house. Side wall in the two-storey pig house was enclosed with insulation materials such as block, colored metal sheet and sandwich panels. The minimum ceiling height in the first floor of the two-storey pig house was 2.0m and the maximum was 3.0m. On the second floor, ceiling height ranged from 2.0 to 2.7m. The construction cost in the two-storey systems were $700\~140$, and sidewall curtain systems were $30\~40$ thousand Won/pyung.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2023

This study analyzes the energy performance of a elderly care center building and the applicability of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system through simulation approach. For this purpose, a building information modeling (BIM) program and an energy performance calculation program were used. The impact of the mechanical ventilation system on the energy requirements of the heating and cooling system and the indoor environment was also analyzed, focusing on the change in indoor carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration, which is a representative indicator of the indoor environment (air quality). The simulation results showed that the target building exceeds Level 7 in terms of simulated primary energy consumption or actual energy consumption. In addition, it was analyzed that the target building could not maintain the indoor CO₂ concentration below the standard concentration by natural ventilation through window opening alone. Combining the GSHP system with the mechanical ventilation system (Case B and Case C) can further reduce the overall energy consumption by reducing the amount of outdoor air introduced by opening windows. The cost savings compared to the baseline case are estimated to be 67.3% for Case A, 63.7% for Case B, 65.5% for Case C, and 42.5% for Case D. It is necessary to analyze the impact of various renewable energy technologies and passive ones on the energy performance and indoor environment of elderly care centers.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.181-191
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• 2014

Modern commercial greenhouse requires the use of advanced climate control system to improve crop production and to reduce energy consumption. As an alternative to classical sensor-based control method, this paper introduces a model-based control method that consists of two models: the predictive model and the evaluation model. As a first step, this paper presents straightforward models to predict the effect of natural ventilation in a greenhouse according to meteorological factors, such as outdoor air temperature, soil temperature, solar radiation and mean wind speed, and structural factor, opening rate of roof ventilators. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to develop the predictive models on the basis of data obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The output of the models are air temperature drops due to ventilation at 9 sub-volumes in the greenhouse and individual volumetric ventilation rate through 6 roof ventilators, and showed a good agreement with the CFD-computed results. The resulting predictive models have an advantage of ensuring quick and reasonable predictions and thereby can be used as a part of a real-time model-based control system for a naturally ventilated greenhouse to predict the implications of alternative control operation.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.32-45
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• 2016

For effective utilization of downtown area, many studies about underground have been performed around the world, and double-deck tunnel have being operated in USA, Europe and China, etc. (A86 East Duplex in France, M30 tunnel project in Spain, SR-99 in seattle, USA, Yangtze river tunnel in China) In Korea, the research about network type double-deck tunnel in deep underground space is in progress to solve the traffic jam and secure the ground space. In this study, a number of factors required for double-deck tunnel in deep underground are analyzed through the existing ventilation design outline and unique ventilation design factors for network type double-deck tunnel are established by reviewing design cases of overseas double-deck tunnel.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.171-178
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• 2019

In this paper, we proposed a plan for a indoor air quality management in elderly care hospital by measuring the indoor air quality level of elderly care hospital and conducting a survey the workers' awareness of indoor air quality. The measurement items were Temperature, Humidity, CO2, CO, PM10, VOC and were taken on April 26, 2019. The survey found that the lower the satisfaction level with indoor air quality, the better outdoor air quality and odor items were analyzed to be the lowest among the indoor environmental factors. When the satisfaction level of indoor air quality is high, the satisfaction level of indoor environment factor is high. The result of the multiple response analysis was "lack of ventilation" and the regression analysis was the lower the "relevance of indoor air quality" category. To provide the best indoor air quality environment for elderly care hospital workers the installation of additional ventilation equipment to remove odors, the increase in the number of natural ventilation and the designation of regular ventilation personnel will be necessary. By establishing such a plan, it is possible to provide indoor air quality environment to provide the best services for elderly care hospital workers.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of multizone simulation that enables to grasp of details about microbial contaminant problem in an multistoried apartment. We used actual indoor test data to figure up microbial contaminant level as initial value for the multizone simulation and estimated the various effects of indoor occupant infected with germs such as bacteria and fungus and the performance of air sterilization by using multizone simulation in substitute for infeasible experimental approach. The results show that natural ventilation make ourselves generally useful for removing indoor microbial contaminants. The results also show that the performance of air sterilization reach the maximum in the case of using mechanical ventilation and UVGI air sterilizer. The conclusion is that this multizone simulation is useful tool for actual design method for immune building systems.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2004

The optimal design method of indoor thermal environment using CFD coupled simulation and genetic algorithms (GA) is developed in this study. CFD could analyze the thermal environment considering the distribution of temperature, velocity, etc. in a room. Therefore, It would be appropriate to use CFD for the optimal design method considering their distribution. In this paper, the optimal design means the most appropriate boundary conditions of the room among the conditions where the design target of indoor therm environment is achieved. Two step optimal indoor thermal environment design method is proposed. It includes the GA for searching the optimal indoor thermal environment design. To examine the performance of this method, the optimal design of hybrid ventilation system, which uses the natural cross ventilation and the radiation-cooling panel is conducted. The optimal design which satisfies the design target (thermal comfort, minimum cooling load, minimum vertical temperature difference) is found using two step optimal design method.