• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.4_spc
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• pp.730-741
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• 2024

Pig production is one of the viable enterprises of the livestock sub-sector of agriculture. It contributes significantly to the economy and animal protein supply to enhance food security in Africa and globally. This article explored the present status of pig production in Africa, the challenges, prospects and potentials. The pig population of Africa represents 4.6% of the global pig population. They are widely distributed across Africa except in Northern Africa where pig production is not popular due to religio-cultural reasons. They are mostly reared in rural parts of Africa by smallholder farmers, informing why majority of the pig population in most parts of Africa are indigenous breeds and their crosses. Pig plays important roles in the sustenance of livelihood in the rural communities and have cultural and social significance. The pig production system in Africa is predominantly traditional, but rapidly growing and transforming into the modern system. The annual pork production in Africa has grown from less than a million tonnes in year 2000 to over 2 million tonnes in 2021. Incidence of disease outbreak, especially African swine fever is one of the main constraints affecting pig production in Africa. Others are lack of skills and technical know-how, high ambient temperature, limited access to high-quality breeds, high cost of feed ingredients and veterinary inputs, unfriendly government policies, religious and cultural bias, inadequate processing facilities as well as under-developed value-chain. The projected human population of 2.5 billion in Africa by 2050, increasing urbanization and decreasing farming population are pointers to the need for increased food production. The production systems of pigs in Africa requires developmental research, improvements in housing, feed production and manufacturing, animal health, processing, capacity building and pig friendly policies for improved productivity and facilitation of export.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.565-583
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• 2020

In recent years, various social issues related to the natural radioactive elements detected in household goods and building materials are addressed, and should be solved promptly. In Korea, for more than 20 years, the Ministry of Environment has investigated the natural radioactive materials such as heavy metals, uranium, and radon in soil or groundwater. The origins of natural radioactive materials in them may have a close correlation with the geological factors including classification of rocks, petrogenetic origins, and deformation characteristics, but the exact geological correlations are not clarified because of the absence of the government policy preserved in the basement rocks, soils as well as groundwater in fault-related reservoirs. This study aims to perform a research on the correlation between the petrogeneses of the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks and natural radioactive concentrations in rocks (radon, uranium, thorium, potassium etc.) in Korea. Among the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks, alkaline plutonic rocks (syenite, monzonite and monzodiorite and alkali granite) show high U and Th concentrations by high solubilities of U, Th, Zr, REE, and Nb until the most extreme stages of magmatic fractionation (viz. crystal fractionation) due to high magma temperature and high alkalinity tendency. The highly fractionated high-K calalkaline and peraluminous granitic rocks (leucogranite, two-mica granite and leucocratic pegmatite are also U and Th concentrations compared with other less or medium fractionated granitic rocks (diorite, granodiorite and granite). The alkaline plutonic rocks are associated with intracontinental rifting and extensional environment after crustal thickening by collisional and subductional processes. In contrast, the dominant calc-alkaline granitic rocks in Korea are related to the arc environment of the subduction zone. In summary, the trends of the U, Th and K concentration from the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks in Korea are closely linked to the petrogenesis of the rocks in tectonic environment. The preliminary data for gamma-spectrometric mesurments of natural radionuclide contents (²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K) in the Phanerozoic plutonic rocks show high values in the alkaline and highly fractionated granitic rocks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

The purpose of this research was to propose policy directions for the design and construction of nature-friendly park facilities (PF) in national parks. In order to do that, nature-friendliness evaluation indicators(NEIs) used in green building rating systems and related articles were reviewed. After the initial literature review was complete, NEIs for park facilities based on location, design, construction, operation, and management sectors were developed. Data was obtained through a questionnaire completed by 79 managers at 19 national parks in Korea in 2008. The answers were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, a t-test, a multi-dimensional analysis, and a factor analysis. This research found that: 1) The results indicated that based on relative weight calculation, the location condition was evaluated as the most important; 2) The evaluation results regarding the degree of nature-friendliness of park facilities showed that location condition was ranked higher than design and construction--in addition, the evaluated values of indicators related to energy efficiency were ranked the lowest; 3) the level of nature-friendliness of shelter was given the highest level, but resting facility was the lowest level; 4) Overall, park facilities at Mt. Seorak, Mt. Odae, and Taean Coast national parks showed high levels of nature-friendliness. But park facilities at Mt. Gyeongju and Mt. Songni national parks showed low levels of nature-friendliness. The results of this research shall contribute to the establishment of tailor-made management policies, the development of detailed guidelines for increased energy efficiency and visitor satisfaction, and the preservation of ecosystems and natural resources in Korea's national parks.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.65-86
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• 1993

In this paper, fishery economics is reviewed to extend a basic opportunity for developing new fishery economics and to evaluate the effects of the import liberalization on the fish trade structure of Korea. The principle outline of extensions emphasis to realize the modern fishery problems based on fishery economics and develop the practical methodology in order to analyze the impacts of the import liberalization on the fishery and fishermen welfare. During the process of export - oriented industrilization, the role and position of fishery in the economy is changed dynamically. When faced with the imperative of the role and position of fishery in the economy, fishery economists and domestic policy makers must decide how to organize themselves for solving fishery problems under the new regime in the import liberalization on the fish trade. Fishery problems impacted by the new regime can not be solved by fishery itself but be solved by the centralized efforts of all contributors in national views. Therefore the new systematic analytical methodology must be develop and the traditional fishery economics must be related to the regional development strategy and fishery sociology as subsidiary theories specialized. Due to the impacts of the import liberalization on the fish trade structure, fishery economists face with radical changes in the domestic fishery : a place of the resources harvest to place of the combination resource harvest and its demand, a fishing as a resource exploitation to a fishing as a resource management, a traditional small scale costal fishing to a modernized and scaled fishing, fishery using the given natural resource itself to fishery as technology intensive industry, and a food supply industry to a welfare indusry based on the regional and economic resource and social environment. As these changes, fishery and its community's regional and economic resource and social environments as multiple roles of the regional economic development are emphasized in fishery economics under the new regime in the import liberalization on the fish trade. Furthermore, domestic policy makers and administrators in a public sector must realize the above radical changing trends in fishery and understand a social and economic environment in fishery and develop a new fishery structure focusing on the fishing system and the fishery laws. As this point, they make efforts to improve and develop fishery as a food supply industry. Japan, for example, has a non - governmental organization to conflict the problem of international fishery such as a movement of a civil environmental protection. Also fishermen in Japan already realized conservation and pollution problems in fishing as fundamental issues of human being.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.473-483
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• 2011

In the recent WTO/DDA negotiations, discussions are progressing to forbid fishery subsidies which have negative effect on the natural environment and the fishery resources and to lower or to eliminate the tariff/non-tariff barriers that distort trade liberalization. As a result, linking to the weak structural environment of Korea's fishing villages; such a scheme has jeopardized the livelihood of fishermen who settle down in local fishing harbors. Against this backdrop, the government is attempting to positively respond to changes in the fishing environment in a number of different ways: promotion of fishing tourism, fishing harbor reinforcement in function, developing fishing villages, and harbors. With respect to investment by priority in fishing harbor development, it is very important to appropriately select investment targets based on objective criteria. A small number of harbors are chosen and investment plans by harbor are systematically devised, economic feasibility and the effects of investment are analyzed and reviewed in relation to each target harbor. This paper is designed to review and assess objective evaluation methods and the degree of importance for the designation of target harbors, dealing with local harbors in Chung Nam Do as a model. Each local government has tried to reorganize existing harbors and develop new harbors, considering a fall in the number of fishing vessels and the expansion of maritime leisure activities. In order to overcome the limit of existing harbors in function, to raise the income of fishermen, and to activate tourism, they have shifted their focus from simple functions such as vessel evacuation and anchoring to harbor beautification, which can work as a basis for fishing tourism. This paper points out that the AHP analysis method for prioritizing local harbors in Chung Nam Do should help to be chosen target harbors in other cities and provinces. Each local government has attempted to reorganize existing harbors and to develop new harbors, taking into consideration the decline in the number of fishing vessels and the expansion of maritime leisure activities. In order to overcome the limited number of functional harbors, to raise the income of fishermen, and to boost tourism, they have shifted their focus from simple functions, such as vessel evacuation and anchoring, to harbor beautification, which can work as a basis for fishing tourism. This paper shows that the AHP analysis method for prioritizing local harbors in Chungcheongnam-do could aid in the effective selection of target harbors in other cities and provinces.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-74
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• 2010

The creation and acceptance of new technologies has been speeding up dramatically in modern times. There are also significant uncertainties about the future shape of markets, governance and social values that will have an important impact on organizations and their capacity to meet their objectives. These rapid technological and social change and uncertainties make the upsurge of interest in technology foresight, giving rise to its emergence as a global concept and policy tool. A wide range of future methods are available for technology foresight. Selection of methods will depend upon several factors, most notably available and the time financial resources, and the objectives of the exercise. Although Delphi has been widely used for many years, scenario becomes very popular in recent years. The use of scenarios can take better account of the complexity and unpredictability of the economic, social and political environments. Scenarios tell the stories describing paths to different futures, which help organizations make better decisions today. In this study, the scenario method was employed to draw the images of the future of renewable energy. Renewable energy grows dramatically in recent years. However, there is still considerable uncertainty with regard to the potential of renewable energy due to environment regulation, energy costs, and political and economic developments in the main supplier countries for oil and natural gas. Scenario can help us to identify the risks and opportunities when we develop the renewable energy, and to prepare for them. The scenario method is expected to be more utilized in the national technology foresight.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.240-250
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• 2018

By the end of 2017, in a world of 7.6 billion people, there were inequalities in healthcare indices both within and between nations, and this gap continues to increase. Therefore, this study aims to understand the current status of regional inequalities in healthcare indices and to find an action plan to tackle regional health inequality through a geo-economic review in Korea. Since 2008, there was great inequality in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy by region in not only metropolitan cities but also districts in Korea. While the community health statistics from 2008-2017 show a continuous increase of inequality during the last 10 years in most healthcare indices related to noncommunicable diseases (except for some, like smoking), the inequality has doubled in 254 districts. Furthermore, health inequality intensified as the gap between urban (metropolitan cities) and rural regions (counties) for rates of obesity (self-reported), sufficient walking practices, and healthy lifestyle practices increased from twofold to fivefold. However, regionalism and uneven development are natural consequences of the spatial perspective caused by state-lead developmentalism as Korea has fixed the accumulation strategy as its model for growth with the background of export-led industrialization in the 1960s and heavy and chemical industrialization in the 1970s, although the Constitution of the Republic of Korea recognizes the legal value of balanced development within the regions by specifying "the balanced development of the state" or "ensuring the balanced development of all regions." In addition, the danger of a 30% decline or extinction of local government nationwide is expected by 2040 as we face not only a decline in general and ageing populations but also the era of the demographic cliff. Thus, the government should continuously operate the "Special Committee on Regional Balanced Development" with a government-wide effort until 2030 to prevent disparities in the health conditions of local residents, which is the responsibility of the nation in terms of strengthening governance. To address the regional inequalities of rural and urban regions, it is necessary to re-adjust the basic subsidy and cost-sharing rates with local governments of current national subsidies based mainly on population scale, financial independence of local government, or distribution of healthcare resources and healthcare indices (showing high inequalities) overall.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.258-267
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• 2018

This study attempted to do a research on whether local festivals contributed to local economic vitalization in an empirical aspect focusing on Almedalen's case of Sweden has not been discussed in Korea. For this, by analyzing Gotland's sociocultural and economic aspects into 3 steps and evaluating them, the study tried to derive policy implications for benchmarking Almedalen in Korea in the future. As a result of analyzing the economic effect of Almedalen in Sweden into 3 steps, it was shown that in the analysis of resources in Step 1, Almedalen positively affected tourist allurement based on Gotland's beautiful natural landscape. In the evaluation of operation in Step 2, according to the result of examining an increase in population and stabilization with a valuation index related to the activation of local economy, Gotland was steadily seeing a new inflow of population, due to which it can be confirmed that local income increases as various jobs are being created. Finally, as a result of examining the improvement in local image in Step 3, it was shown that as diverse members from all walks of life participated in Gotland's festival, external communication became flexible and the opportunity of social participation increased, which positively affected local image. Based on the study results, the policy implications for benchmarking Almedalen, Sweden's local festival, are as follows: First, selecting an appropriate place for attracting the participation of various people is needed. Second, local festivals should be places for communication to exchange opinions, not specific institute-oriented unilateral provision of information. Third, while advancing local festivals for nonprofit, the efforts to make positive changes in local image are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

COVID-19 led to an increased need for mountainous urban parks in the city that can be enjoyed while moving rather than staying put. However, studies on the economic value of mountainous urban parks have been insufficient. As a result, this study investigates the economic value of Gyeyangsan, a mountainous urban park located in the city, by quantifying the value of natural resources provided to residents and analyzing the factors affecting these values. The results are summarized below. First, according to the economic value assessment of Gyeyangsan, the use value was 2,210 won per person or 4.42 billion won per year, and the preservation value was 6,182 won per household, or 129.37 billion won. Gyeyangsan's total assets value was assessed as 3.68 trillion won. Second, according to the estimates of the willingness to pay and the determinants for the use-value, the frequency of visits, age, and use satisfaction significantly impacted the intention to pay for the use-value. Third, according to the estimates of the willingness to pay and the determinants for the preservation value, the intention to revisit, volunteer participation, educational level, gender, and residence significantly influenced the intention to pay for the preservation value. According to the findings of this study, it will be possible to make crucial policy implications when setting a direction for future park management by presenting a practical policy plan for the maintenance of mountain parks in downtown areas and will broaden the scope of research.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.8
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• pp.129-138
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• 1990

This study investigated the relationship between the cutflow of rural population and agricultural policy by using time series method. For the analytical tools, decomposition time series methods and regression technique were employed in computing seasonal fluctuation and cyclical fluctuation of population migration. Also, this study predicted farmhouse, rural population till the 2000's by means of the mathematical methods. The analytical forms employed in forecasting farmhouse, rural population were Exponential curve, Gompertz curve and Transcendental form. The major findings of this study were identified as follows: 1) Rural population and farmhouse population began to decrease from 1965 and hastily went down since 1975. Rural population which accounted for 36.4 percent, 35.6 percent of national population respectively in 1960 diminished about two times: 17.5 percent, 17.1 percent respectively. 2) The rapid decreasing of the rural population was caused because of the outflow of rural people to the urban regions. Of course, that was also caused from the natural decreases but the main reason was heavily affected more the former than the latter. In the outflowing course shaped from rural to the urban regions, rural people concentrated on such metropolis as Seoul, Pusan, Keanggi. But these trends were diminishing slowly. On the other hand, compared with that of the 1970's the migration to Keanggi was still increasing in the 1980's. That is, people altered the way of migration from the migration to Seoul, Pusan to the migration to the out-skirts of Seoul. 3) The seasonal fluctuation index of population migration has gone down since the June which the request of agricultural labor force increases and has turned to be greatly wanted in the March as result of decomposition time series method. As result of cyclical analysis, the cyclical patterns of migration have greatly 7 cycle. 4) As result of forecasting the rural and farmhouse population, rural and farmhouse population in the 2000 will be about 9,655(thousand/people) and 4,429(thousand/people) respectively. Thus, it is important to analyze the probloms that rural and farmhouse population will decrease or increase by the degree. But fairly defining the agricultural into a industry that supply the food, this problem - how much our nation need the rural and farmhouse population - is greatly significant too. Therefore, the basic problems of the agricultural including the outflows of rural people are the earning differentials between rural and urban regions. And we should regard the problems of the gap of relative incomes between rural and urban regions as the main task of the agricultural policy and treat the agricultural policy in the viewpoint of developing economic equilibrium than efficiency by using actively the natural resources of the rural regions.