• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2005

Natural products are increasingly appreciated as a lead for drug discovery and development. A number of investigators have studied various activities of natural products and have found that they have not only nutritional effects but also beneficial properties to cure various diseases and to maintain good health. Job's Tear(Yul-Moo) is a grass crop that have long been used in traditional medicine and a nourishing food. Job's Tear has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, stomachic, antiallergic activity, and antispastic effects and has been used in China for the treatment of warts, rheumatism, and neuralgia although its mechanism remains unclear. Previous results in our laboratory demonstrated that the ethanol extract and water extract of Job's Tear exerted an immune regulatory function on mice cells in vitro. The present study was performed to investigate the ex vivo effect of Job's Tear on immune function. Seven to eight weeks old mices(Balb/c) were fed ad libitum on chow diet and water extract of Job's Tear were orally administrated every other day for two or four weeks at two different concentrations (50 and 500mg/kg B.W.). Proliferation of mice spenocytes and antibody production to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) using hemolytic plague forming cell assay were used to indicate the immune activity. Splenocytes proliferation of Job's Tear with mitogen stimulation such as Con A and LPS was enhanced at 50 mg/kg B.W. concentrations compared to those of control group. In case of antibody production to sheep red blood cells, the number of antibody- secreting cells was increased by administration of 50mg/kg B.W. concentration in mice immunized as a T-dependent antigen. From the present study, Job's Tear water extracts may be suggested to stimulate the mice immune response by enhancing the splenocytes proliferation and the number of plague forming cells.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1994

To investigate effects of water temperature on immune response of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, against Edwardsiella tarda, fish were immunized with formalin killed E. tarda antigen, and humoral immune response of these fish were observed. At lower water temperature (12 and $15^{\circ}C$), the antibody appeared 2 to 3 weeks after injection of formalin killed E. tarda antigen and the maximum agglutination titer was 16 and 32, respectively. However at higher water temperature (20 and $23^{\circ}C$), the antibody appeared one week after injection and the maximum agglutination titer was about 2,048. Once produced agglutination titer was sensitively responsed to variation of water temperature and showed that this phenomenon had also a similar tendency under natural condition. And it showed that agglatination titer of flounder immunized with formalin killed E. tarda maintained above 19 months.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.56 no.8
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• pp.32.1-32.4
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• 2014

Though many alternative methods to tuberculin skin testing (TST) have been established and evaluated in recent years, sensitivities and specificities of most methods could not meet the requirements of golden standards. In this study, we sought to identify whether repeated TSTs could affect the immune responses in experimental monkeys. Nine natural tuberculosis (TB) monkeys receiving repeated TSTs biweekly were used to demonstrate the effect on TST responsiveness. Two healthy monkeys were administrated with repeated TSTs to analyze the immune response profiling. Intrapalpebral reactions in TB infections gradually weakened or presented intermittent positive reactions. The leukocyte counts, cytokine responses, and antibody responses to all antigens except Old tuberculin (OT) and MPT64L showed no specific changes for TB in healthy monkeys. Positive antibody responses to OT and MPT64L emerged during the first half experimental period, which may cause by their cross-reactivity with mycobacterial species. Results showed that repeated TSTs had no significant effects on immune responses in healthy monkeys but a progressive reduction in TST responsiveness in TB infections.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2005

Background: Throughtout the last three decades, the therapy of leukemias and lymphoma has set the stage for curative cancer therapy in systemic malignant disease. This was the result of an integrated work of basic reaserch and clinical investigators leading to more aggressive albeit tolerable protocol of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. High dose therapy marks the most elaborated strategies in this field today. However, intensification of conventional therapeutic modalities as mentioned has to be based on new approaches and the exploration of new antineoplastic mechanisms. This insight has resulted in immune therapy of cancer. Among the cells of the immune system, natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are of major interest for the development of therapeutic strategies. Methods: Cytotoxicity to target cells was measured by LDH release method, Characterization of activated lymphocyte was measured by Flow cytometry analysis. Anti-CD3, 16, 56 monoclonal antibody and IL-2 were used for the activation of NK and T cell. The analysis of effect of activated lymphocyte, in vivo, were used by Balb/c nude mouse. Results and Conclusion: Cytotoxicity to K562 cells was significantly higher in the mixture group of NK and T cells than that of a group of activating T cells. The survivors and the rate of reduction of size of tumor craft of nude mouse group treatment with activated lymphocyte was higher than that of the group without treatment with activated lymphocyte. Therefore, this results are suggested that the activated lymphocytes by anti-CD3, CD16 and CD56 can reduce the malignancy effect of lymphoma.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.208-218
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• 1998

To clarify the activating effects of Buthus martensi Karsch on immunological function, its effect on primary and secondary antibodies production in mice of various ages was investigated. Buthus martensi Karsch increased the number of both antibody producing cells(anti-IgM and anti-IgG producing plaque forming cells, PFC) and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage. Futhermore, these phenomena were significantly increased with aging in mice. Buthus martensi Karsch also increased natural killer cell activity concerning to cancer immunology. These results suggest that Buthus martensi Karsch markedly increases the reduced activity in the elderly and activates the immune response in senescence mice.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.366-369
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• 2015

A 12-year-old, castrated male, mixed-breed dog was referred to us with a history of depression, lameness, neck and multiple joints pain. Clinical signs had been deteriorating from rear limbs lameness leading to pain on all four limbs lameness for 7 days. Mild leukocytosis and increased C-reactive protein concentration were revealed in blood work. On radiography, degenerative change of humerus and cervical intervertebral space narrowing were found. The results of synovial fluid analysis revealed severe neutrophilic pleocytosis, decreased viscosity, increased turbidity and bacterial culture was negative. The antinuclear antibody test was negative and MRI results revealed mild cervical intervertebral disk disease (IVDD). Based on all tests, we diagnosed this case as idiopathic immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA). Prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil were administered and clinical signs were resolved after 7 days. This case report demonstrated that clinical, diagnostic imaging and synovial fluid analysis findings and successful treatment result with prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil in canine idiopathic IMPA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1089-1095
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• 2010

Four biological candidate genes, natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (SLC11A1 or NRAMP), prosaposin (PSAP), interferon Gamma (IFNG), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), were examined to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and associations of the SNP with antibody response kinetics in hens. An $F_2$ population was produced by mating $G_0$ highly inbred (<99%) males of two MHC-congenic Fayoumi lines with highly inbred Leghorn hens. The $F_2$ hens (n = 158) were injected twice with SRBC and whole, fixed Brucella abortus (BA). Blood samples were obtained before each immunization, at 7 d after primary immunization, and at several time points after secondary immunization. Minimum titers (Ymin) and the time needed to reach them (Tmin), and maximum (Ymax) titers and the time needed to reach them (Tmax), were estimated from the seven post-secondary immunization titers using a nonlinear regression model. The $F_2$ hens were genotyped for the four candidate genes by using PCR-RFLP for one SNP per gene, which identified the parental allele. General linear models were used to test associations of SNP genotypes with antibody response parameters and BW measured at 4 ages. The IFNG SNP was highly significantly (p<0.0125) associated with primary response to SRBC, Tmin to BA, Ymin to BA, and 12-week BW. The current study demonstrated that the novel IFNG promoter SNP was associated with antibody kinetics for BA and SRBC in laying hens, and also with BW, suggesting that this cytokine may play a pivotal role in the relationship between immune function and growth.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2001

We have developed four chicken hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to induce a protective immune response against the chicken disease avian coccidiosis, caused by the intestinal parasite Eimeria acervulina. Huwever, since the amount of antibodies secreted from these hybridomas is too low or sometimes they lost their ability to produce antibodies, the hybridoma method is not satisfactory in the production of large amounts of chicken monoclonal antibodies. To bypass these problems, we applied the antibody engineering technology using polymerase chain reaction. We cloned and determined the sequences of variable domains of the four chicken monoclonal antibodies, namely, 2-1, 5D11, 13C8 and 8C3. The sequences comparison to germline sequences skewed that the gene con version mechanism might contribute to developing diversification of heavy and λ-light chains in chicken antibodies. Several pseudogene families regarded as donors in gene conversion were identified at each framework region and the complementarily determining region of λ-light chains. In addition, as expected, numerous changes of nucleotide sequences such as nucleotide substitution, insertion and deletion were found predominantly in complementarity determining regions, which are likely to be somatic hypermutations as a result of affinity maturation in antibody-producing cells.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.477-487
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• 1998

To clarify the activating effects of Scolopendrae corpus on immunological function, its effect on primary and secondary antibodies production in mice of various ages was investigated. Scolopendrae corpus increased the number of both antibody producing cells(anti-IgM and anti-IgG producing plaque forming cells, PFC) and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage. Futhermore, these phenomena were significantly increased with aging in mice. Scolopendrae corpus also increased natural killer cell activity concerning to cancer immunology. These results suggest that Scolopendrae corpus markedly increases the reduced activity in the elderly and activates the immune response in senescence mice.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.39-58
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• 1994

Even though appropriate immune response is necessary for the survival of the individual, excessive or insufficient immune response might cause autoimmune or allergic disease respectively. So the immune response must be controlled to the degree that is beneficial for the well being of the individual. This study was undertaken to know the effects of Junsibaekchulsan(JB) on the immune system od the mouse. For the evalulation of the cell-mediated immunity(CMI), delayed-type hypersensitivity against dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB) were measured, and humoral immunity, hemagglutinin and hemolysin titers against SRBCs(sheep red blood cells) were measured, and rosette formation of spleen cells with SRBCs were measured. For the evaluation of innate immunity, phagocytic activity of macrophages, natural killer cell activity, and reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates were measured. The results are as follows: 1. The administration of JB depressed the antibody formation (hemagglutinin and hemolysin) against SRBCs. 2. The administration of JB did not affect the delayed-type hypersensitivity against DNFB. 3. The administration of JB did not affect the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells. 4. The administration of JB increased the phagocytic activity of macrophages. 5. The administration of JB increased the rosette formating cells of the spleen cells. 6. The exposure of JB induced the secretion of reactive nitrogen intermediates but administration of JB deperssed the production of reactive oxygen intermediates. Administration of JB selectively depressed the humoral immune response without affecting CMI and innate immunity. These results of JB on the immune system might be useful for the treatment of such.