• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.343-351
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• 2010

Since the effect of environmental education at class using textbooks or materials related to environment is limited, the importance of activities for field experience is getting increased day by day. Thereby, the education tends to change into the type of education providing students with direct environmental experience. Students attending the science high school have excellent aptitude and ability for science and will lead the development of science in the future. Now it is urgent to develop various experiential programs which are helpful for them to establish desirable values on environment. However, the field of environmental education that allows science high school students equipped with ample environmental knowledge to improve environment sensitivity and have proper environment awareness is quite restricted as of now. Natural exploration activities are the programs which provide science high school students having lack of chance for environmental education with good opportunities to contact nature and also play significant roles in arousing their interest in issues related with environment. Therefore, it is thought that they will let science high school students explore the natural features of Korea, understand the importance of preserving environment and ecosystem profoundly, and encourage environmental awareness and will of environmental practice. Thereupon, with the study subjects of 121 first and second graders at U Science High School, this article analyzed their recognition of the necessity for environmental education and environmental pollution problems before and after the natural exploration activities, and conducted a survey on their satisfaction after the natural exploration activities and analyzed it. The result of this research is as follows. First, it was shown that the natural exploration activities were effective to raise the science high school students' awareness of issues related with environmental pollution. Second, the natural exploration activities had effect upon enhancing the students' willingness of environmental practice. Third, there was statistically significant correlation between the science high school students' satisfaction with the natural exploration activities and their achievement in the science subject. Fourth, there also was a statistically non or weakness significant correlation between their satisfaction with the natural exploration activities and preference for the science subject. In particular, it was found that students preferring biology indicated higher satisfaction.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.840-844
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• 2006

For the exploration of pharmacophoric moiety of malloapelta B (1) possessing the inhibitory activity of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation, structural variation of ${\alpha},{\beta}-unsaturated$ carbonyl motif was attempted. 1 was reduced by catalytic hydrogenation, sodium borohydride, and lithium aluminumhydride. Catalytic hydrogenation with 30 psi or 15 psi of $H_2$ gas of 1 generated 8-butyl-5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman (2) and 1-(5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-8-yl)butan-1-one (3), respectively. Reduction with sodium borohydride occurred at the double bond of ${\alpha},{\beta}-unsaturated$ ketone of 1 to give 1-(5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-8-yl)butan-1-one (4). Reduction of 1 with lithium aluminumhydride and then quenched with methanol and water produced unexpected products, 1-(5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-8-yl)-3-methoxy-1-butene (5) and 1-(5,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-8-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-butene (6). These are formed from the isomerization of initial product 9 through the continuous conjugate carbocation intermediate 11. Addition of ethylmagnesium bromide and dimethyl malonate anion to 1 gave the conjugate adducts 7 and 8. Ethylmagesium bromide and sodium borohydride reduction unusually gave the conjugate addition due to steric congestion around carbonyl group of 1. Compound 2 exhibits the reduced inhibitory activity against $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and the others do not show the activity. Therefore ${\alpha},{\beta}-unsaturated$ carbonyl group of 1 should be important for its inhibitory activity.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.74.2-74.2
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• 2017

Faint quasars are important to test the possibility that quasars are the main contributor to the cosmic reionization. However, it has been difficult to find faint quasars due to the lack of deep, wide-field imaging data. In this poster, we present our efforts to find faint quasars in the ELAIS-N1 field through the deep data (iAB ~ 25) obtained by the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Strategic Program survey. To select reliable quasar candidate, we also use the near-infrared (NIR) data of the Infrared Medium-deep Survey (IMS) and the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) - Deep Extragalactic Survey (DXS). Using multiple-band color cuts, we select high redshift quasar candidates. To confirm them as high redshift quasars, candidates are observed by the SED camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse (SQUEAN) instrument in several medium band filters that can sample the redshifted Lyman break efficiency. The quasar sample will be used to study the growth of BH and stellar mass, the relation between the quasar activity and the host galaxy, and their contribution to the cosmic re-ionization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.463-469
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• 2021

Bioactivities of curcumin, a major pigment of Curcuma longa L., have been widely investigated. In this study, the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of curcumin and its analogs including ferulic acid, dibenzoylmethane (DBM), and tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), and their structure-activity relationships were assessed. Ferulic acid, THC, and curcumin showed strong scavenging activities against several radicals and exhibited considerable lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. Curcumin showed the strongest cytotoxic activities against HeLa, HCT-116, IEC-6 and INT 407 cells, whereas ferulic acid did not show any cytotoxic effect up to 100 µM against these cell lines. Cytotoxicity of curcumin and THC was significantly enhanced by superoxide dismutase and diminished by N-acetylcysteine. The combination treatment of curcumin and ferulic acid enhanced the cytotoxicity, whereas the combination of curcumin and DBM offset their toxicity. These results suggest that methoxy phenolic and β-diketon moieties are crucial for the antioxidant- and cytototoxic activities of curcumin, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.326-332
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• 2010

Daidzein, a natural isoflavonoid phytoestrogen, structurally resembles estradiol (E2) and possesses estrogenic activity. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that daidzein may mimic the effects of E2 on ovine follicle development by regulation of the mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor genes and thereby influence the reproductive system. Granulosa cells were cultured in serum-free McCoy's 5A medium with and without supplementation of daidzein. Results showed that daidzein (10-100 ng/ml) significantly increased the proliferation of ovine granulosa cells (p<0.05), but inhibited the growth of granulosa cells at a dose of 1,000 ng/ml (p<0.01). Daidzein inhibited progesterone production in a dose dependent manner; however, it did not affect estradiol production by granulosa cells. We also investigated the effects of daidzein on BMPRII, BMPRIB and ALK-5 mRNA expression in ovine granulosa cells by quantitative real-time PCR. Treatment of granulosa cells with daidzein increased significantly expression of these genes at 10-100 ng/ml. Thus, these data suggested that a low concentration of daidzein (10-100 ng/ml) had a direct stimulatory effect on ovine granulosa cells while a high concentration was toxic.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.81-106
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• 2010

This study examines the information exploration characteristic and relative importance evaluation of island tourism web site. The survey items are developed based on the related studies and also implemented particular way so-called 'semi-online' that including both web based material and offline tutorial. The first objective of this study is verifying the characteristics of information exploration on island tourism of university students. The second is examining the peculiar properties of tourism information that exposed one's individual importance evaluation. The result of this study shows that most of the students have no difficulty in using the internet and exploring the island tourism information. And there is no significant difference in using and exploring the internet between male and female students. Based on the result of this study, most popular type of island tourism information is picture type. Personal blog or user created contents(UCC) that containing the other's experience of island tourism is mostly wanted contents. But there is a significant difference in importance of contents within the students. The community based information which including UCC, blog, and other community user's posting is evaluated the most important information for relatively less experienced students. On the other hand more experienced students have a preference on expertise information which created by tourism experts. The difference within the determinant factors that affecting island tourism also significant. With analysis of variance(ANOVA) on determinant factors, the tourism activity and social/culture resource are less important than others(eg. natural environment, accommodation and so on). The result of this study would be practically used for implementing the local government's effective tourism web site and enhancing the current island tourism operation. And also it gives a advantage to facilitate the island tourism for young generations.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.545-555
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• 2015

Oxyresveratrol (trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene) has been receiving increasing attention because of its astonishing biological activities, including antihyperlipidemic, neuroprotection, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiinflammation, immunomodulation, antiaging, and antioxidant activities. Oxyresveratrol is a stilbenoid, a type of natural phenol and a phytoalexin produced in the roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of several plants. It was first isolated from the heartwood of Artocarpus lakoocha, and has also been found in various plants, including Smilax china, Morus alba, Varatrum nigrum, Scirpus maritinus, and Maclura pomifera. Oxyresveratrol, an aglycone of mulberroside A, has been produced by microbial biotransformation or enzymatic hydrolysis of a glycosylated stilbene mulberroside A, which is one of the major compounds of the roots of M. alba. Oxyresveratrol shows less cytotoxicity, better antioxidant activity and polarity, and higher cell permeability and bioavailability than resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), a well-known antioxidant, suggesting that oxyresveratrol might be a potential candidate for use in health functional food and medicine. This review focuses on the plant sources, chemical characteristics, analysis, biosynthesis, and biological activities of oxyresveratrol as well as describes the perspectives on further exploration of oxyresveratrol.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2020

Purpose: Sports is an activity created by human beings and is related with natural and human environments, and it is a physical activity which inherently interacts with geographical properties. With the above views, it is clear that sports reflect human culture and physical environment, which are closely related to places or spaces in terms of origin, propagation and diffusion, or geography in a broader sense. This study explored the relationships between sporting activities and geography with an environmental view. Research design, data, and methodology: The study employed qualitative methodology to review the association between sport and geographical perspective. The study reviewed the broad documents including journals, periodicals, reports and so forth. Results: First, since its inception in the 1960s, research on sports geography has been steadily studied in many international geography and non-geographic research journals. Second, it reflects the distinct characteristics of the relationship between sports and geography (relationship with physical geography and humanities). Third, as a spatial approach to sports, it is the place of sports, globalization of sports, and the tourist attraction of sports. Conclusion: the findings of this study provides insights for sport geography and could be applied to the current sports industry. Further implications were discussed.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2016

Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of whole plant of Boerhavia diffusa were screened for phytochemical and biological activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening via colorimetric method and the quantitative estimation of phenolic and flavonoid content were performed. Antioxidant assay using DPPH scavenging method was studied. Antimicrobial screening of plant extracts was done by cup diffusion technique. Cytotoxic activity of B. diffusa was studied by brine shrimp bioassay and anthelminthic activity was evaluated in vitro in Pheretima posthuma. This study revealed B. diffusa as a source of various phyto-constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and terpenoids. Quantitative estimation of total phenol was found to be maximum in BEE i.e. $29.73{\pm}0.88$, BME $19.8{\pm}2.02$ and in BHE $9.15{\pm}0.304mgGAE/g$. Similarly, the total flavonoid content was found to be $17.44{\pm}0.75$ in BEE, $14.43{\pm}0.23$ in BHE and 3.678 mg QE/g in BME. Ethyl acetate extract showed its antibacterial activity against all tested pathogens except Escherichia coli whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhi were resistant to methanol and hexane extract. The zone of inhibition (ZOI) of ethyl acetate extract against S. Typhi and B. cereus was found to be 18 mm and 14 mm respectively. The MIC value of BEE in S. Typhi was $3.125{\mu}g/ml$ and in B. cereus was $12.5{\mu}g/ml$. The preliminary screening of anticancer property of B. diffusa i.e. BSLT in methanol was found to be $165.19{\mu}g/ml$. B. diffusa was also found to contain anthelmintic property. The study helped in further exploration of medicinal properties of B. diffusa by phytochemical screening and biological activities paving the path for study and investigation in this plant.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2015

Induced seismicity has been observed in the relation with lots of anthropogenic influence and at variety of geological conditions over the last several decades. This paper reviews those induced earthquakes and compares with each other as well as with natural tectonic earthquakes. Hydraulic fracturing is commonly used to enhance the permeability through new cracks in the rock formation. The process triggers the induced seismicity, which can give crucial information on the fracture network and oil/gas migration. In the similar way, unintentionally induced events during the production procedure of the field, dam reservoir, minig activity, or wastewater injection can be used to give insight into various hydrodynamic processes and changes of reservoir properties at a various scales. The general conclusion summarizes the uncertainty or limitations of knowledge up to date and presents some issues to be dealt with in the future research.