• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1996

This is a report on the recovery of vegetation and secondary succession in the burned area studied from April, 1990 to April. 1991. The forest fire occurred in a part of Mt. $K\v{u}mo-san$ on April, 1986 and the pine forest and its understory vegetation were burned out completely. The floristic compositions of burned (B) and unburned (U) areas were composed of sixty eight and thirty one species (vascular plants), respectively. These species were divided into invaders (47 species), increasers (15 species), deceasers (3 species), neutrals (3 species), and retreaters (10 species) on the basis of summed dominance ratio ($SDR_3$). Biological spectra showed the $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type in both the burned and unburned areas. The species of Lespedeza ($SDR_3$=94.7), Miscanthus (91.95), Festuca (68.33), and Spodiopogon (52.06) were dominant in the burned areas, while the species of Pinus (76.67), Robinia (56.25), Quercus (52.08), and Carex (40.25)were dominant in the unburned area. Dominance index (C) in burned and unburned areas was 0.15 and 0.25, respectively. the index of similarity (CCs) was 0.42. The degree of succession (DS) and species diversity (H) in burned and unburned areas were 675.8, 884.2 and 4.07, 2.05, respectively. The degree of succession in the burned area graduall increased and the burned area was recovered to be simmilar to the unburned area. Evenness index in burned and unburned areas was 0.965 and 0.595, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2011

To investigate the influences of candidate genes on the birth weight and the early stages of life, genotyping of the prolactin receptor 3 (PRLR3) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) genes was performed in 156 and 141 Berkshire pigs, respectively. The frequency of both PRLR3 alleles A and a was 0.50. The frequencies of the RBP4 alleles B and b were 0.42 and 0.58, respectively. Neither locus was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant associations of the PRLR3 alleles with birth or weaning weights and of the RBP4 alleles with birth weight were observed. The proportions of the phenotype variances due to the genotypes of PRLR3 in the feeder weights was 4.0% and those of RBP4 in the weaning and feeder weights were 11.9 and 3.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). The dominance effect of PRLR3 and RBP4 on feeder weights was 2.40 and -1.86 kg, respectively (P < 0.01). The additive and dominance effects of RBP4 on weaning weights were 0.332 and -0.682 kg, respectively (P < 0.01). Even if no significant epistasis of PRLR3 and RBP4 was detected, a considerable trend of consistent positive epistasis estimates of AA/BB and Aa/Bb was observed for all traits. The results of this study may have a considerable impact on early-stage growth by both loci, and a selection strategy should be designed separately for each marker in Berkshire pigs.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.103-115
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• 1992

This dissertation, which has been prepared in the region of cheju(33o31'N, 126o32'E) from may,1987 to appril, 1989, is to elucidate the dominant characteristics of early stages in secondary succession, by examining the life history of erigeron annuus for the seeding depth of a seed was dependent upon the degree of shading. That is, on the area of ocm,the more tense the shading was, the more germination percentage was increased, while, in the case of 1.5cm, it was somewhat increased, when shading bwcame ess and less tense. The rosette of e. annuus, through its relative light intensity was decreased by shading, up to 5% of natural light, showed some strong shade tolerance, which had no difficulty in matter production. The species diversity of mixed-species community was the highest in the middle of April, the lowest in the last of may. The dominance index was the highest in the late may, the lowest in the middle of April. Toward the end of may, the occupation rate of dominance species was the highest. There was a neutral relationship between intraspecific and interspecific, owing to the differentiation of its niche, temporally and spatially. Productive structure of the community revealed a narrow leaf type which was concentratively distributed in the mid part of community height. The relative light intensity of community ground surface was 6.1%, the leaf inclination 60o,the extinction coefficient(k) 0.4, biomass of community 1,045.6 g.d.w./m2,T/Rratio 9.3, C/Frate 7.0 and sumgermanition, shade toarance and community characteristics on erigeron annuus l.in chejumed leaf area index 3.88. through the various life cycles o e.annuus, we can say that it decreases mortality of seeding caused by some stress and disturbance, for germination lasts for a long time at any opportunity available, and it promotes population growth. The strong shade tolerance of a rosette and the variableness of a life from differentiate the niche between intraspecific and interspecific within the community, and avoid the direct competition between them, thus poromoting community growth.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1551-1559
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare benthic macroinvertebrate communities of urban stream and nature stream in Daegu-si, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsan-si, Andong-si, and Cheongsong-gun. The survey was carried out with 12 points in total six points for urban stream, six points for nature stream from Sept. 2011 to July 2012. In the urban stream were 33 species belonged to 24 families, 11 orders, 7 classes and 4 phyla while in the nature stream were 73 species belonged to 38 families, 12 orders, 5 classes and 4 phyla. In general, species diversity indices and species richness indices appeared low in urban stream but dominance indices was high. Functional feeding groups and Habitat Oriented Groups appeared comparatively simple in urban stream rather than nature stream. As a result of analysis of community stability, species included to area I and area III equally appeared in nature stream while species included to area I mostly appeared in urban stream. An analysis of the correlation between the population density and the number of species, the population number and biological indicators such as DI, H', RI, and ESB revealed that there was a significant correlativity with the diversity index and a very high correlativity with the number of species, abundance index and the ESB. On the other hand, the population number and the dominance index did not reveal any correlativity. For indicator species, Hydroptila KUa, Physa acuta appeared in urban stream while Paraleptophlebia chocolata, Epeorus pellucidus appeared in nature stream.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.457-472
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• 2011

To elucidate the trophic role of heterotrophic nano- and microplankton (HNMP), we investigated their biomass, community structure, and herbivory in three different water masses, namely, south of Polar Front (SPF), Polar Front Zone (PFZ), the Sub-Antarcitc Front (SAF) in the Drake Passage in the Southern Ocean, during the austral summer in 2002. We observed a spatial difference in the relative importance of the dominant HNMP community in these water masses. Ciliates accounted for 34.7% of the total biomass on an average in the SPF where the concentration of chlorophyll-a was low with the dominance of pico- and nanophytoplankton. Moreover, the importance of ciliates declined from the SPF to the SAF. In contrast, heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HDFs) were the most dominant grazers in the PFZ where the concentration of chlorophyll-a was high with the dominance of net phytoplankton. HNMP biomass ranged from 321.9 to 751.4 $mgCm^{-2}$ and was highest in the PFZ and lowest in the SPF. This result implies that the spatial dynamic of HNMP biomass and community was significantly influenced by the composition and concentration of phytoplankton as a food source. On an average, 75.6%, 94.5%, and 78.9% of the phytoplankton production were consumed by HNMP in the SPF, PFZ, and SAF, respectively. The proportion of phytoplankton grazed by HNMP was largely determined by the composition and biomass of HNMP, as well as the composition of phytoplankton. However, the herbivory of HNMP was one of the most important loss processes affecting the biomass and composition of phytoplankton particularly in the PFZ. Our results suggest that the bulk of the photosynthetically fixed carbon was likely reprocessed by HNMP rather than contributing to the vertical flux in Drake Passage during the austral summer in 2002.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.234-246
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• 2008

Korean terminologies on stem structures in plant morphology, written incorrectly in many books, were analysed to propose accurately expressed terminologies. 35 books in areas such as general biology, plant biology, plant morphology, and biological dictionaries and glossaries were selected to analyse the accuracy of the terminologies for seed structures, e.g., shoot and shoot system, rhizome, apical dominance, anticlinal and periclinal divisions, and intercalary and lateral meristems. The definition and etymology of the terminologies were traced in 4 textbooks of plant anatomy and 2 dictionaries of biology and botany written in English. On the basis of the definition, etymology, and principles for terminology formation according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 704:2000), reasonably expressed Korean terminologies were proposed. All of the 8 terminologies examined in this study were included in the glossary of biological terminologies, published by the Korean Association of Biological Sciences in 2005, and designated as an editorial source for science and biology textbooks for middle and high schools by Ministry of Education in 2007. However, the only 1 of the 8 terminologies described in the glossary were consistent with the proposed expression in the present study. These inconsistencies indicated the need for a reassessment of this glossary of biological terminologies. The validity of the proposed Korean terminologies was tested in a questionnaire sent to 17 professors teaching plant morphology or/and taxonomy at universities. A mean of 91.9% of the total respondents agreed with the Korean expressions proposed in this study. The new, proposed terminologies would facilitate mutual understanding between teachers and students of plant biology.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.311-316
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• 1999

Community organization of the drosophilid flies was investigated with respect to the seasonal variation of the species abundance at the natural forests on Mt. Soribong in Kwang-nung (Kyung-Ki Do, Korea) from May to October 1996. The dominant species were Amiota okadai. Scaptomyza pallida, Hirtodrosophila sexvittata. Drosophila bizonata. D. unispina. and D. brachynephros in the annual collection. A. okadai was found with numerically dominance in April and was found in June with less superiority. S. pallida showed their highest peak in occupational in May and after soon they decreased. There was a remarkable increase in the numbers of H. sexvittata in July. This increase may be coincident with the appearance of fungi which provide a breeding site for this species in the forest. On the other hand, D. biauraria and D. triauraria showed their highest peak in May and after soon they decreased, and in September they made the lower peak again. Four species (D. anguraria. D. brachnephros, D. nigromaculata, D. unispina) of qunaria group were found with dominance in August to September. These results suggest that the predominant species in the forest avoid niche overlap by means of seasonal separation of breeding, which is strongly affected by factors associated with season in the deep wooded forests.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.236-244
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• 2000

The concept of the true house' is based on the balance of a person's life and nature and represents the life in which lies an organic harmony between environment and ecology. However, humans have always been in a position of dominance over nature and with their developments have brought on much destruction and corruption to the ecosystem. With this, the position of the true house has intensified and the ecological approach of architecture has started to come into consideration as its alternative plan. Accordingly, it is essential to reconstruct and take on a new perspective of nature. The conversion to a more Oriental approach, which dwells in the adaptation and harmony of nature, is especially sufficient to the ecological aspect of architecture. From this we can realize that the ecological approach is none other than a modern interpretation of what our ancestors have lived by. In other words, an architectural concept deriving from the adaptation of climate, season, and nature-the coexistence of man and nature. From an ecological point of view, the idea of favoring nature in the traditional house can be found in the inclination of being one with nature by adapting to its geographical and preferable climate conditions. This results in the use of natural energy, the use of natural resources, the organic connection between the inner and outer natural space, and the application of nature itself. By approaching these elements from a modern point of view and applying it to the current time, we can open up the door to a more lasting human-environment based ecological position of architecture where our own climatic characteristics and traditions can be reflected in the pursuit of harmony between man and nature.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2008

To analyze the riverine microbial community structure, genetic fingerprints and ecological indexes such as species abundances, diversity, evenness, dominance of targeted rivers in Gyeonggi Province were acquired and evaluated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) technique. Genetic fingerprinting technique such as T-RFLP, which is able to show the microbial community clearly unlike traditional culture-dependent techniques, was thought to be useful to analyse the riverine microbial ecosystem under various factors. Riverine ecosystem evaluation using visible organisms would give biased results with time, targeted organism and researcher. But, T-RFLP, which can exclude the subjected biases such as culture condition and identification, would be an option to understand natural ecosystem by including the microorganisms that defy culture but perform important functions.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.208-232
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• 1984

A survey was conducted on the vegetation of Seogmo island, which is small island (ca. 41 okm2) located about 1km west of Kanghwa island in the central Korea, from Aug. 1983 to May 1984. Based on the field data, actual vegetation map and potential natural vegetation map were made. The island is covered with broad-leaved trees dominated with Quercus variabilis. The dominance diversity curves obtaiend in different associations are grouped in two types, lognormal distribution forms at the undisturbed vegetation and geometric series at the disturbed or rocky sites. It seems that the curves show to us the nature of their ecocline by the hypothesis of some investigators, i.e. Random niche boundary hypothesis, niche preemption hypothesis, lognormal distribution and logarithmic series. Total numbers of vascular plant species of the island were recorded 108 families, 348 genera, 475 species, 73 variaties and 7 forma. And Pte.-Q Index, 0.93, and Fisher's Index, 589.8, were higher than those in neighboring islands.