• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 2018

In this study, eco-friendly natural dyeing for pig leather was explored by using onion skin which is food waste. Sodium caseinate was used as a pre-treatment agent to improve dyeability of pig leather and its effect on dye uptake was investigated according to treatment concentration. Dye uptake of the pre-treated pig leather was increased by about two times compared to untreated one at 0.2% pre-treatment concentration. Onion skin colorant imparted YR color on pig leather. After mordanting, the color of pretreated/dyed pig leather was varied from brick-red to khaki shades. However, mordanting did not improved dye uptake of the pre-treated/dyed pig leather significantly. The color-fastnesses of un-mordanted samples to light, dry cleaning, rubbing were grades 3-4, 5, and 4, respectively, which is good enough to meet all Korean Standard for Fastness of leather products. After mordanting, the light fastness of pig leather was improved to 4, 4-5 grade. The efficacy of sodium caseinate as a pre-treatment agent for pig leather was verified by improved dye uptake and good colorfastness. And, the natural dyeing of pig leather using food waste would be a significant sustainable way in terms of eco-friendliness and reuse of biomass to reduce environmental pollution.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 1999

The characteristics of anthocyanin pigments extracted from cherry(Prunus serrulata L. var. spontanea Max. Wils.) were investigated at the various conditions, such as light, temperature, organic acid, metal ion and pH. The pigments were fairly stable under the sunlight during the 20 days storage period at room temperature. The pigments covered with the Al-foil, as well as red, blue, green and yellow films, were very stable at pH 2.5. The high thermal stability (over the 64% at $115^{\circ}C$, 30 min) of the pigments in the dark at pH 2.5 was also found. In the presence of organic acid, the hyperchromic effect of red color was greatly increased in the dark at $25^{\circ}C$. Addition of metal ion, such as $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Mg^{2+},\;Ca^{2+}\;and\;Mn^{2+}$, was contributed on the stability in color at pH 2.5 throughout 20 days storage period in the dark at $25^{\circ}C$. However, $Cu^{2+}\;and\;Fe^{3+}$ caused the rapidly degradation of pigments, and $Al^{3+}$ converted red color to blueish violet. The hyperchromic effect of the red color increased, as pH decreased. Therefore, these results indicated that cherry anthocyanin pigments might be used as the potential sources of natural red colorant for foods.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.32-32
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• 2001

Amur cork tree contains yellow natural basic dye largely used for dyeing on silk. Dyeabilities and fastnesses of the colorant on silk fabrics were investigated , According to dye concentration, pH, temperature, time of pre- and post- treatment of mordant, K/S values and fastnesses of the silk fabrics were examined. As a results, K/S values of dyed silk fabrics were increased by pre- and post-treatment with chinese gallotannin. The optimum condition of chinese gallotannin pre-treatment was 0.15% concentration, pH 4, 70℃, and 45min, and that of post-treatment was 0.05% concentration,60℃, and 30min. The wash fastness and the light fastness were enhanced to 4 grades and 2∼3 grades.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.320-328
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• 2001

Amur cork tree contains yellow natural basic dye largely used for dyeing on silk. Dyeabilities and fastnesses of the colorant on silk fabrics were investigated , According to dye concentration, pH, temperature, time of pre- and post- treatment of mordant, K/S values and fastnesses of the silk fabrics were examined. As a results, K/S values of dyed silk fabrics were increased by pre- and post-treatment with chinese gallotannin. The optimum rendition of chinese gallotannin pre-treatment was 0.15% concentration, pH 4, $70^\circ{C}$, and 45min, and that of post-treatment was 0.05% concentration,$60^\circ{C}$, and 30min. The wash fastness and the light fastness were enhanced to 4 grades and 2~3 grades.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.29-39
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• 2009

The color mixture, obtained from Indigo and Japanese pagoda tree, was applied to cellulose fibers such as cotton, linen and rayon to diversify color gamut of natural dyes. The color mixture was tried with two different methods. The first process was that cellulose fibers were dyed with $5{\sim}25%$ owf Japanese pagoda tree solution, and then dyed 1 to 4 times with Indigo. The second process was dyeing 1 to 7 times with Indigo, followed by dyeing with $5{\sim}25%$ owf Japanese pagoda tree solution. K/S value of the dyed fibers with one colorant and color mixture increased in the order of linen, cotton, rayon. It was also found that the first process could give higher K/S values than the second process.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

Amur cork tree is natural basic and yellow dye largely used for dyeing on cotton. The most effective solvent for extract of berberine from amur cork tree was methanol. The dyeabilities of the colorant on cotton and the fastness of cotton fabrics dyed with amur cork tree extract were investigated. And according to the concentration, temperature and time of pre-treatment, K/S values, wash fastness and Hand Value of cotton fabrics dyed with amur cork tree extract were investigated. As a results, K/S values of dyed cotton fabrics were increased by Pre-treatment with chinese gallotannin and the optimum condition of chinese gallotannin treatment was 15%owf concentration at $60^\circ{C}$, 30min. The wash fastness was enhanced to 3.5 grades. There was no degradations of Hand Value of cotton fabrics treated with chinese gallotannin.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of eco-friendly leather dyeing by utilizing food wastes. Natural dyeing of eel skin was attempted using onion peels which have been used commonly for natural dyeing of textile fabrics. Eel skin is a by-product from fishery processing and is used mainly for making leather products. The colorant was extracted from onion peels in boiling water, concentrated, and freeze-dried. Dyeing of eel skin was carried out to study the effects of dyeing conditions, mordant type and mordanting method on dye uptake, color change, drape stiffness and colorfastness. The optimum dyeing conditions were $60^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature, 60min of dyeing time at 1:100($H_2O$ 90%: ethanol 10%) of bath ratio. The onion peels produced yellowish color on eel skin. The pre-mordanting was effective than the post-mordanting. As a result of the drape stiffness measurement, the Fe-mordanted sample was somewhat stiffer comparing to other mordanted samples. The light fastness of the non-mordant dye was excellent in 3-4 grade. Drycleaning fastness and rubbing fastness showed excellent results, but fastness was not significantly improved by mordanting.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.90-99
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to develope eco-printing method using natural pigments and chitosan as a natural binder. Three chitosans with different molecular weights were employed to find appropriate conditions including chitosan concentration and pigment/binder ratio. Dye uptake, color and fastnesses of the printed fabrics were evaluated to find optimum conditions within the range of experiments carried out in this study. The effectiveness of chitosan as a printing binder was examined in comparison with color, dye uptake, and fastnesses of conventional synthetic binder and guar gum. It was found that chitosans with low or medium molecular weight were appropriate. Using low molecular weight chitosan, optimum concentrations were 1.7% for charcoal, madder and chlorophyll, whereas 2.2% for ocher, yellow soil, indigo and cochineal. Regardless of molecular weight and concentration of chitosan, the color fastnesess of fabrics printed with mineral pigments were superior to those of the fabrics printed with plant and animal pigments. As pigment/chitosan ratio became higher, rubbing fastness was decreased by 1-3 grade. The colorfastness of printed fabric with chitosan binder was similar to that with synthetic binder, which was higher than that with guar gum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.105-107
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• 2008

Dyeing properties of the colorants extracted from pomegranate hull on hair were investigated to study its efficay of natural hair coloring dye. Effect of dyeing condition and mordanting on dye uptake, color change and colorfastness were explored. In addition, tensile strength retention is measured and the surface of the hair was observed by SEM. The water extracted pomegranate hull was concentrated and freeze-dried for preparing colorant powders. It was considered that ionic bonding was involved in the adsorption of pomegranate colorants to hair. Pomegranate hull colorants produced greyish brown colors on hair and the hair mordanted with Fe showed dark brown color. Mordant except Fe did not significantly increased dye uptake. Mordant except Cu increased light fastness, mordant except Cr increased washing fastness. SEM to observe the hair is damaged by ultraviolet light and cleaning. This is consistent with the results of tensile strength retention. From the results of colorfastness th washing and light, it was concluded that colorants from pomegranate hull can be need as a semi-permanent natural hair coloring dye.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.15-27
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• 2014

A natural colorant was extracted from Acer ginnala, Alnus japonica and gromwell as extractants. Studies have been made on the effects of the kind of extracts and dyeing/mordanting conditions on colorimetric changes of ramie fabrics. The color of fabrics tended to become darker as the numbers of dyeing process and mordanting process increased using three kinds of extracts. As the numbers of dyeing and mordanting increased, the ramie fabrics gradually increased to show reddish and bluish signs using Acer ginnala, Alnus japonica, and gromwell extracts(500ml and 1,000ml). In the case of 1,500ml of gromwell extracts, the ramie fabrics showed the color with more redness and yellowness. Color difference (${\Delta}E$) of dyed and mordanted fabrics increased as the numbers of dyeing and mordanting processes increased. The apparent colors of ramie fabrics using Acer ginnala were Y and GY. The Alnus japonica extracts produced Y and GY colors on ramie fabrics. With varying amount of gromwell extracts, the colors of dyed and mordanted fabrics were R, YR, GY, G, PB, P and RP, however, the main color was PB. It was concluded that the extracts of Acer ginnala, Alnus japonica and gromwell can be used as a natural dye producing black colors.