• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.730-736
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• 2019

The demand for natural gas, which is considered an environmentally friendly energy source, is increasing, and at the same time, the market share of large pipelines for natural gas supply is increasing continuously. On the other hand, the corrosion of such large pipelines reduces the efficiency of natural gas transportation. Therefore, this study aims to establish a strategy for securing the patent rights of related technologies through quantitative analysis of patents on energy-independent high-efficiency corrosion prevention technology for large-scale pipelines for natural gas supply. In this patent technology trend study, Korean, US, Japanese, and European patents filed, published, and registered by June 2018 were analyzed, and a technical classification system and classification criteria were prepared through expert discussion. To use fuel cells as an external power source to prevent the corrosion of natural gas large-scale pipelines, it is believed that rights can be claimed using an energy control system and methods having 1) branch structures of pipeline and facility designs (decompressor/compressor/heat exchanger) and 2) decompression/preheating and pressurization/cooling technology of high pressure natural gas.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.222-225
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• 2009

The apartment housing in Korea has been rapidly constructed by adapting the most suitable construction methods as like wall structure, wet and united construction. But most of short-lived equipments usually filled in the structure which has longer life, and it causes not only to make difficult coping with the deterioration of equipments but also to let buildings remained deteriorate themselves. The buildings can be remodelled to slow down the terms of deterioration or reconstructed to give a new life of themselves, although the disposal of wastes or the lack of natural resources still be problems and unsolved that can occurred in pulling down and reconstructing the buildings. Furthermore, it is the time to need keeping with worldwide trends and movements as like sustainability or 'green growth' movements based on low carbon emissions. The researches for Long-Life Housing apartments which has durability and variation have been advanced up to now. Long-Life Housing apartments can separate their structures from equipments and interior or exterior materials of buildings. Therefore equipments or materials of buildings can be easily repaired and replaced with new ones, even if they are deteriorated themselves. Also, the construction process of Long-Life Housing apartments can be independent from the matter of proprietary rights, terms of durability, decision rights and so on. 'The law of Possession and Management of Collective Building' and the 'Regulation of Management of Collective Building' established by each local governments are already legislated for declaring the rights of using and ownership, responsibilities of each parts of apartment buildings. These laws and regulations classify the ownership of each parts of apartment buildings, and divide the ownership with public possession and exclusive possession. Therefore, this study will conduct comparative analysis between 'The law of Possession and Management of Collective Building' and 'the Regulation of Management of Collective Building' and find problems which can be occurred in future construction of Long-Life Housing apartments. It will be helpful to revise laws and regulations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2011

The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality(TCEQ) WAM(Water Availability Modeling) System consists of the generalized Water Rights Analysis Package(WRAP) river/reservoir system water management simulation model, 22 sets of WRAP hydrology and water rights input files for the 23 river basins of Texas, geographic information system tools, and other supporting databases. The WRAP/WAM modeling system, as routinely applied since the late 1990s, has not included consideration of water quality. Recently developed WRAP-SALT(Water Rights Analysis Package) is designed primarily for computing concentration frequency statistics and supply reliability indices at locations of interest in a river system for alternative water development and management scenarios. Though motivated primarily by natural salt pollution, WRAP-SALT water quality modeling features are applicable to essentially any conservative water quality constituent. The Brazos River studies discussed in this paper focus on total dissolved solids, though the available observed data also includes chloride and sulfate which can be modeled as individual constituents. The WRAP-SALT salinity input file contains loads or concentrations of salinity inflows during each month of the hydrologic period-of-analysis and reservoir storage at the beginning of the simulation. The WRAP-SALT model computes salt loads and concentrations for each control point of a river/reservoir system for inflows and outflows during the month and end-of-month reservoir storage for each month of the hydrologic period-of-analysis, for given loads entering the system. River reaches connect control points. The mass balance algorithms proceed from upstream to downstream, with outflow from one river reach contributing to inflow to the next downstream reach. In a given month, for each control point in sequence, the inflow loads are first computed. Loads and concentrations of outflows and reservoir storage at the control point are then determined. Complete mixing during the month is assumed at locations without reservoir storage.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.111-129
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the disputes concerning the 1982 moratorium on commercial whaling and the standing rights of other natural objects. Basically, the debates has arisen from the very nature of whales and other natural resources, that is to say, a mixed good of consumptive and non-use value. The debates between pro- and anti-moratorium states regarding whaling may not find out a peaceful solution without compromise or negotiation since any international institution for official settlements does not exist. If the pro-states could provide anti-states with a certain type of economic incentive which is side payments, anti-states might offer self-restraint not to whale. Here, it would be considered to apply Kaldor-Hicks compensation principles to this problem. Since 1965, some countries such as the United States and Japan began to recognize the standing right of natural objects. Even though rejected, the newt case in Korea was brought to the Supreme Court. If a standard of living increases significantly to a higher level(i.e. more than per capita income US$30,000), there would be a tendency of valuing natural objects and their beauty more and more highly.

• 한국항공우주법학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.185-215
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• 2008

The exploitation of the natural resources of the Moon and other celestial bodies represents one of the most exiting future developments in the field of space law as well as a unique occasion for the economic and social growth of mankind as a whole. The large number of benefits that are expected to be generated from the exploitation of these resources, indeed, not only will contribute to the betterment of conditions of people on Earth but also will allow mankind to face and likely solve one of the biggest problems currently affecting our planet, namely the exhaustion of the stocks of raw materials and other source of energy, such as fossil fuels. The exploitation of the natural resources of the Moon and other celestial bodies, however, has been prevented so far by the absence of dedicated space law rules allowing its orderly and peaceful development and clarifying the rights and duties of the parties involved in it. Due to the uncertainty generated by the absence of these rules, indeed, States as well as private operators have refrained from investing in the exploitation of space resources so far. The time to change this situation and to allow the exploitation of extraterrestrial resources to begin has finally come. This paper aims at fulfilling this purpose by proposing a legal regime containing specific and detailed rules to regulate the exploitation of the natural resources of the Moon and other celestial bodies.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.131-168
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• 2008

The exploitation of the natural resources of the Moon and other celestial bodies represents one of the most exiting future developments in the field of space law as well as a unique occasion for the economic and social growth of mankind as a whole. The large number of benefits that are expected to be generated from the exploitation of these resources, indeed, not only will contribute to the betterment of conditions of people on Earth but also will allow mankind to face and likely solve one of the biggest problems currently affecting our planet, namely the exhaustion of the stocks of raw materials and other source of energy, such as fossil fuels. The exploitation of the natural resources of the Moon and other celestial bodies, however, has been prevented so far by the absence of dedicated space law rules allowing its orderly and peaceful development and clarifying the rights and duties of the parties involved in it. Due to the uncertainty generated by the absence of these rules, indeed, States as well as private operators have refrained from investing in the exploitation of space resources so far. The time to change this situation and to allow the exploitation of extraterrestrial resources to begin has finally come. This paper aims at fulfilling this purpose by proposing a legal regime containing specific and detailed rules to regulate the exploitation of the natural resources of the Moon and other celestial bodies.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.151-157
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• 2017

In the case of uploading privacy information of an information owner in the Internet, the information owner may want to deliver the privacy information itself or remove such information from the search list in order to prevent third parties from accessing the privacy information of the information owner. Such a right to be forgotten may collide with the freedom of expression of a third party. The right to be forgotten, which originates from the self-determination right on privacy information based on Article 10 and 17 of the Constitution and the freedom of expression, which is based on Article 21 thereof are all relative basic rights and are both limited by Item 2 under Article 37 of the same law, which is the general limitation provision for the basic rights. Therefore, when the right to be forgotten and the freedom of expression collides, it is not possible to give priority to one of the those unilaterally. It depends on the nature of the case at hand to find a natural balance for the harmonious solution for both parties. The criteria can be the sensitivity to the privacy of the information owner caused by the disclose of the privacy information, the public benefits such information may serve, the social common good that could be expected by the disclosure of the privacy information and the damages suffered in terms of the personal interest caused by the disclosure of the information, in a comprehensive manner.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.49
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• pp.297-323
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• 2012

This study investigates the religious perspective of Kang You Wei in order to understand the origin of the reformation ideas in the Da-tong-shu. This study focuses on how the religious perspective of Kang You Wei influenced his reformative ideas of the end the traditional Chinese family structure and the establishment of socialist institutions to overlook the welfare of each individual. His religious perspective embraces both Confucian ideals, Buddhism and Christianity. He believed in the existence of the human soul, and admitted the social value of religion. Kang believed in natural rights and the equality between men and women given that the equality is given by Tien(天) & Shang-di(上帝). Thus, his religious perspective constitutes the fundamental parts of his reformative ideas reflected in the Da-tong-shu.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2021

Although management decisions centered on the board of directors and directors must be made in order to effectively promote ESG management, the company's management is not obligated to make decisions considering ESG factors. A Korean corporation(company) is an established organization for commercial or other profit, and the purpose of treating a legal organization as a corporation is to easily handle the legal relationship of a group (corporate's property) and individual property of a group member, but legal person such as rights to "harm public rights" or "defend fraud". Criminal liability for illegal acts of a corporation, but the liability of a corporation (natural person) for illegal acts of a corporation is recognized within a limited range, but the criminal liability of a corporation (natural person) is limited. As the social responsibility of a corporation is great, limiting the responsibility of a corporation-related person (natural person) to civil responsibility will halve its effectiveness if considering the impact on the corporation's national economy. Objective requirements such as the completeness of control, hybridization of property, infringement of creditors' rights, and small-capitalization, and the subjective intention of abusing the company system to avoid legal application to controlling shareholders should be denied. Despite the increasing influence on corporate society, such as large-scale projects and astronomical business profits, corporate officials (natural persons) are forced to be held liable for negligence and intentional liability within a limited range. In such cases, it is necessary to introduce criminal responsibility separately from civil responsibility to legal persons (natural persons) in consideration of the maturity of capitalism in Korean society and the economic status of the world. In Korea, the requirements for recognition of corporate denial are strict, but the United States says that it is sufficient to have control or fraud. Therefore, it is not about civil responsibility, but about criminal responsibility of a legal person (natural person), so if fraud is recognized, it can strengthen the corporate social responsibility.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.181-198
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was to analyze definitions of herbal medicinal preparations, crude drug preparations, and new drugs from natural products in the relevant laws and regulations, understand the related problems, and propose directions for improvement. Methods : I analyzed the legal definitions in respect of herbal medicinal preparations, crude drug preparations, and new drugs from natural products in relevant laws and regulations since 1945, explained the problems, and suggested the solution-considering the academic stance of Traditional Korean Medicine and the dualistic medical and pharmaceutical system. Results : Regarding the current laws and regulations that are relevant to herbal medicinal preparations, we should 1) clarify the boundaries between the duty of physicians and that of pharmacists, 2) limit the principles of Korean Medicine as well as the contents of the related textbooks, 3) find a way to protect the intellectual property rights for herbal medicinal preparations, and 4) establish a separate standard for drug classification regarding herbal medicinal preparations. In case of crude drug preparations, we should 1) clarify the meaning and limitations of the phrase, "the point of view of Western medicine," and 2) establish a classification standard for drugs that are used in Korean Medicine and clarify the boundaries between herbal drug preparations and crude drug preparations. Furthermore, laws and regulations apropos of new drugs from natural products do not actually fit the concept of "new drug," and due to subordinate laws, a supplement to a new drug submission is contradictorily misclassified as a new drug from natural products. Conclusions : The problems of legal definitions of herbal medicinal preparations, crude drug preparations, and new drugs from natural products have emerged in the process of giving approval to drugs that are made of herbs and natural products under the dualistic medical and pharmaceutical System. Laws and regulations that differentiate the process of approving herbs that are used in Korean Medicine and the others should be established.