• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
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• pp.994-996
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• 1999

Hygrothermal aging at the elevated temperature induces the long-term degradation of the epoxy resin. We investigated the effects of hydrothermal stress on the dielectric breakdown phenomena of epoxy composite filled with natural zeolite. The cured specimens absorbed the moisture in the autoclave at $120^{\circ}C$. $T_g$ of the deteriorated composite by moisture absorption decreased. The dielectric breakdown strength decreased with the moisture absorption cycle. It was concluded that the thermal stress and the high water-vapour-pressure deteriorated the natural zeolite filled epoxy resin system, consequently and the tree growth rate increased.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.1735-1740
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• 2010

추진제 KM10은 NC(Nitrocellulose)를 주원료로 제조된 단기추진제로서 장기저장시 자연분해현상을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저장수명추정은 잔류안정제 함량분석을 위해 일반적으로 이용되는 고온가속노화시험을 사용하였으며, 반응속도상수 산출을 위해 Arrhenius 식과 Berthelot 식을 사용하였다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 Arrhenius 식과 Berthelot 식을 이용하여 추정한 추진제 KM10의 저장수명은 43.72년, 16.53년으로 큰 차이를 보였으며, E. R. Bixon의 연구결과[1]와 비교할 때 Arrhenius Equation을 이용하여 추정한 43.72년이 타당한 것으로 판단된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.424-434
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• 1998

RELAP5/Mod3.1 code was assessed with the semiscale experiment S-NC-3, and S-NC-4, which simulated the two-phase natural circulation and reflux condensation for the SBLOCA of PWR, respectively . Test S-NC-3 and S-NC-4 calculation results showed that RELAP5/Mod3.1 quite well describes the influence of steam generator secondary side heat transfer degradation on both two-phase natural circulation and reflux condensation. A comparison between the calculated and measured two-phase mass flow rate in test S-NC-3 shows good agreement for primary mass inventory more than 92%. And RELAP5/Mod3.1 have a good mass flow rate prediction capability for the transient such as S-NC-4 except some flow oscillations. The reflux flow rate for S-NC-4 test is under predicted, and the overall results verify that the correct prediction of the reduced liquid level appears to be required for the correct calculation of the overall phenomena.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2022

The photocatalytic degradation of salicylic acid takes place in several stages involving coupled phenomena, such as the transport of molecules and the chemical reaction. The systems of transport equations and the photocatalytic reaction are numerically solved using COMSOL Mutiphysics (CM) simulation software. CM will make it possible to couple the phenomena of flow, the transport of pollutants (salicylic acid) by convection and diffusion, and the chemical reaction to the catalytic area (bauxite or TiO2 doped by nanoparticles). The simulation of the conversion rate allows to correctly fit the experimental results. The temporal simulation shows that the reaction reaches equilibrium after a transitional stage lasting over one minute. The outcomes of the study highlight the importance of diffusion in the boundary layer and the usefulness of injecting micro-agitation into the microchannel flow. Under such conditions, salicylic acid degrades completely.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.695-699
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• 2010

추진제 KM10은 니트로셀룰로오스를 주원료로 제조된 단기추진제로서 장기저장 시자연분해현상을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 고온가속노화시험과 저장분석시험을 이용하여 추진제의 저장수명을 추정하였다. 고온가속 노화시험을 이용한 저장수명추정은 Arrhenius 식과 Berthelot 식을 사용하였으며, 저장분석시험을 이용한 저장수명 예측은 1차 회귀직선식을 이용하였다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 고온가속 노화시험의 Arrhenius 식과 Berthelot식을 이용하여 추정한 추진제 KM10의 저장수명은 43.72년, 16.53년으로 큰 차이를 보였으며, 저장분석시험으로 이용한 저장수명은 42.94년으로 나타났다. 이것을 E. R. Bixon의 연구결과와 비교할 때 Arrhenius 식을 이용하여 추정한 값이 타당한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 소음진동
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 1999

For ASME Code pumps in nuclear power plants, inservice test is required to assess the operational readiness in accordance with ASME code and related regulations. The objective of this study therefore, is to develop the technical background of the degradation of pump performances and conditions due to low flow rate operation. In addition. the detection techniques of pump operating conditions are to be developed to enhance the safety and economy of nuclear power plants. A test loop consisted of pump, motor. water tank, flow rate measurements and piping system with flow control devices was established for this study. Two typical pumps, 1-stage volute pump and 3-stage turbine pump, were selected and the test was performed upon two major point of views ; i.e., pump discharge pressure pulsations analysis and pump vibration spectrum analysis. From the test results, it is concluded that (1) the pump vibration affected by the natural frequency of operating pump is significant in the low frequency zone (around 1 Hz) : the vibration amplitude. especially. is an important factor during low flow rate operation. and shall be monitored to ensure that it is within the limit of ASME OM code Part 6, (2) the vibration frequency and pump discharge pressure are affected by vane pass frequency and running speed, (3) the wave phenomena due to the compressiblity of water is anticipated during low flow rate operation. and the pump system shall be designed to prevent it and. finally, (4) the technical background of the degradation of pump performances and conditions due to low flow rate operation is provided.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.157-162
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• 1997

최근 유류에 오염된 환경을 회복시키기 위하여 생물정화 방법이 널리 이용되고 있다. 따라서 유류오염 환경을 처리하기 위한 생물정화용 생물제제가 보편화되면서 외국으로부터 많은 제품이 국내로 유입되고 있다. 그러나 국내에는 이와 같은 제품의 규격기준이나 표준 실험방법이 체계화되어 있지 않고 또한 효용성에 대한 실제 실험결과가 없는 상태이다. 그러므로 본 실험에서는 일부 유류처리용 생물제제 5종을 대상으로 유류분해율에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 대부분의 제품들은 함유된 화학유분산제에 의해 유류분산능을 나타내었고 유류분해율은 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 일부제품(D)의 경우에는 해수에 분포되어 있는 토착 유류분해세균의 유류분해도를 오히려 저해하는 결과를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 실험의 결과로 미루어 향후 생물정화용 제제의 규격기준 및 표준 실험방법을 국내에도 확립할 필요가 있고, 그러므로서 효율적인 생물정화 기술방법 사용이 활성화될 수 있을 것이다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2005

Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) is one of the hydrogen degradation phenomena of linepipe steels caused by $H_2S$ gas in the crude oil or natural gas. However, NACE TM0284-96 standard HIC test method is hard to satisfy the steel requirements for sour service application since it uses more severe environmental conditions than actual conditions. Therefore, in order to use steels effectively, it is required to evaluate HIC resistance of steels in the practical range of environmental severity. In this study, HIC resistance of two high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels being used as line pipe steels was evaluated in various test solutions with different $H_2S$ pressures and pH values. The results showed that the key parameter affecting crack area ratio (CAR) is $H_2S$ partial pressure of test solution when the pH value of test solution is not over 4. Hydrogen diffusivity was not a constant value, but it was rather affected by the hydrogen ion concentration (pH value) in the solution.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2001

The progress of giant dyke construction off the Mangyung and Donajin rivers, has yielded enormous impact on the estuarine environment, both hydrodynamically and sedimentologically. Especially the inter-dyke gap in the northern Saemankeum area, 4 km wide between Yamido and Piungdo, has acted as an artificial tidal inlet. Due to such a changed geometry, tidal regime has been reversed from being flood- to ebb-dominated with a directional change from NE-SW to E-W. As a result, a large tongue-like tidal sand bar (named Saemankeum Bar) has conspicuously grown seaward through the artificial tidal inlet. The Saemankeum Bar composed of well-sorted very fine sands (3.0-3.5${\phi}$) has grown at a rate of 1.63 km/yr for the past three yews (1996-1998). Such a rapid growth of the sand bar is attributed to enhanced sediment supply derived from the degradation of former tidal sand bars at the mouth of the Mangyung River. Eventually the reworking of the tidal sand bars also caused the pre-existing tidal channels to be wider, deeper and more straightened. All of these phenomena well examplify the critical effect of artificial modifications on the natural estuarine environments.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2018

The objective of this research is to investigate the impact of engine oil aging on PM(Particulate Matter), exhaust gases, and DPF. It is widely known that the specification of a lubricant and its consumption in an ICE considerably influences the release of regulated harmful emissions under normal engine operating conditions. Considering DPF clogging phenomena associated with lubricant-derived soot/ash components, a simulated aging mode is designed for DPF to facilitate engine dynamometer testing. A PM/ash accumulation cycle is developed by considering real-world engine operating conditions for the increment of engine oil consumption and natural DPF regeneration for ash accumulation. The test duration for DPF aging is approximately 300 h with high- and low-SAPs engine oils. Detailed engine lubricant properties of new and aged oils are analyzed to evaluate the effect of engine oil degradation on vehicle mileage. Furthermore, physical and chemical analyses are performed using X-CT, ICP, and TGA/DSC to quantify the engine oil contribution on the PM composition. This is achieved by sampling with various filters using specially designed PM sampling equipment. Using high SAPs engine oil causes more PM/ash accumulation compared with low SAPs engine oils and this could accelerate fouling of the EGR in the engine, which results in an increase in harmful exhaust gas emissions. These test results on engine lubricants under operating conditions will assist in the establishment of regulated and unregulated toxic emissions policies and lubricant quality standards.