• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.51-66
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• 1989

Mammalian cardiocytes secrete atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs) into plasma, which cause marked natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation and inhibition of hormone secretions. Aging influences the ability of the kidney both to conserve and to excrete sodium; i.e., in old animals, the excretory capacity of sodium is reduced and the time required to excrete sodium load is prolonged. Therefore, it is possible that animals differing in ages may respond differently to ANP. In the present study, we determined whether the renal, hormonal and vascular effects of ANP may be influenced by aging in conscious rabbits. The plasma renin concentration decreased with aging but plasma ANP concentration was significantly lower only in 24-month-old rabbits. Plasma aldosterone concentration and atrial ANP content did not change by aging. In 1-month-old rabbits, ANP (atriopeptin III, 3 ug/kg) administered intravenously caused hypotension and decreased in plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations, but did not cause diuresis and natriuresis. In 2 to 5 month-old rabbits, ANP caused hypotension, decreases in Plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations and marked renal effects. However, in 24-month-old rabbits, all the above effects of ANP was blunted. With hydration of physiological saline at a rate of 15 ml/kg/h for 2hr, urine volume and glomerular filtration rate did not change but the electrolyte excretion as well as fractional excretion of sodium significantly increased. The plasma concentrations of active renin and aldosterone were decreased but plasma inactive renin and ANP concentrations were increased. The changes in renal function and plasma level of hormone showed no differences in different ages. These results suggest that the peripheral vascular receptors to ANP may develop earlier than those in the kidney, and the attenuated vascular and renal responses to ANP in the old age may be due to age-related modifications in renal function and blood vessel.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 1985

가토 측뇌실내로 dopamine을 투여하면 항이뇨를 일으키고, 도파민 길항제 haloperidol은 소량에서는 항이뇨를, 대량에서는 이뇨와 Na 배설증가를 초래한다는 보고에 비추어, 본 연구에서는 중추를 통한 신장기능 조절에 관여하는 도파민 수용체의 역할을 구명코자, D-2 receptor agonist이고 D-1 antagonist인 bromocriptine(BRC)의 작용을 검토하였다. 측뇌실내로 BRC를 투여하면 20-600 ${\mu}g/kg$의 범위안에서 대략 용량에 비례하여 natriuresis와 이뇨가 나타났으나, 신혈류와 사구체 여과율은 증량에 따라 점차 감소하였다. 따라서 이뇨 및 Na 배설증가는 신세뇨관에서의 Na재흡수 감소에 의한 것임을 알수 있었다. 이러한 Na 배설증가는 $200{\mu}g/kg$에서 가장 현저하여 Na 배설분획은 약 10%에 달하였다. 그러나 $600{\mu}g/kg$ 에서는 일시적인 현저한 혈압상승에 따르는 급격한 감소로 인하여 일시적 폐뇨가 선행한 다음 이뇨 작용이 나타났다. BRC의 정맥내 투여시에는 전신혈압 하강에 따르는 신혈류역학의 감소와 아울러 항이뇨가 나타났으며, 이는 측피실내로 투여한 BRC의 작용은 전신순환내로 유입되어 초래될 수도 있는 직접신장작용에 기인한것이 아니고 중추를 통한 것임을 시사하였다. Dopamine 150 ${\mu}g/kg$을 측뇌실내로 투여한 후에도 BRC 200 ${\mu}g/kg$은 작용을 나타낼 수 있으나, dopamine 500 ${\mu}g/kg$에 의해서는 BRC의 작용이 소실 되었다. 24 시간전에 1 mg/kg의 reserpine으로 처리한 가토에서는 200 ${\mu}g/kg$ BRC의 작용이 오히려 더 빠르고 강화되었다. 일측신장 신경을 제거한 표본에서는, BRC투여로 대조신은 항이뇨를 나타냈으나 실험신(탈신경측)은 심한 이뇨와 Na배설 증가를 일으켰다. 이상의 실험결과는, 측뇌실내 BRC는 natriuretic factor를 유리시킴과 동시에 교감신경 긴장도를 증가시키는 것을 시사하였으며, 또한 가토 신장기능의 중추 도파민계를 통한 조절에 있어서 여러 도파민 수용체가 각각 다른 기능을 하고 있음을 시사하였다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.35-39
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• 1977

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), known as a versatile regulator of cellular processes and as a secondary messenger of various hormones and other biogenic agents, such as prostaglandins and histamine, induced prompt and transient antidiuresis followed by mild natriuresis and diuresis, when it was administered into the lateral ventricle of the rabbit in doses ranging from $100\;{\mu}g$ to 1 mg. The initial antidiuresis was brought about by the systemic hypotension, whereas the secondary diuresis seemed to be resulted from the decreased tubular reabsorption of sodium, suggestive of participation of certain endogenous natriuretic agent. This observation suggests that cAMP might be involved in the center-mediated renal action of prostaglandins.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.561-570
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• 1993

Renal action of domperidone known as dopamine receptor blocker and effect of domperidone on renal function of dopamine were investigated in dog. Domperidone, when administered into vein, produced diuretic action by the improvement of renal hemodynamic state, when given into a renal artery, elicited diuretic action accompanied with natriuresis in only experimental kidney, whereas domperidone given into carotid artery exhibited antidiuretic action by the decrease of Na$^{+}$ excretion in urine. Diuretic action of dopamine was not influenced by domperidone given into vein or into a renal artery, was blocked by domperidone given into carotid artery. Above results suggest that domperidone produced both peripheral diuretic and central antidiuretic action, and domperidone do not block diuretic action by renal hemodynamic improvement of dopamine in kidney.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1988

Dopamine(DA)은 뇌실내 투여시에 항이뇨와 함께 Na 배설증가 경향을 보이며, $D_1$, 및 $D_2$ 두 종류의 중추 Dopamine수용체가 신장기능에 서로 상반되는 영향을 미치고 있음이 시사된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 선택적 $D_2$ 길항제인 Comperidone(DOM)을 이용하여 중추 $D_2$ 수용체의 역할을 구명코자 하였다. DOM은 측뇌실내로 (icv)투여시 항이뇨 및 Na 배설감소를 초래하였으며 신혈류 및 사구체여과율도 감소하였다. 전신혈압은 약간 증가하였다. 정맥내투여시에는 Na 배설에 변동이 없었다. 신경을 제거한 신장에서는 icv DOM에 의한 신혈류역학적 변동은 제거되었으나 Na 배설은 제신경신장측에서도 정상신장측에서와 같이 감소하였다. DA icv의 항이뇨작용은 DOM 전처치에 의하여 영향받지 아니하였다. $D_2$ 수용체 agonist인 Bromocriptine은 뇌실내 투여시 현저한 이뇨 및 Na 이뇨를 나타냈으나 이 작용은 DOM 전처치로 완전히 차단되었다. 또 다른 형의 $D_2-agonist$인 Apomorphine의 icv 투여는 일과성으로 신혈류역학의 증가와 함께 이뇨 및 Na 배설증가를 초래하였으며, DOM 전처치는 신혈류역학변동에 영향을 주지 못하였으나 뇨량 및 Na배설증가는 DOM 전처치에 의하여 현저하게 감약시켰다. 본 연구는 중추 $D_2$ 수용체가 어떤 체액성 natriuretic factor를 퉁하여 신장에 이뇨 및 Na 배설증가작용을 미치고 있음을 시사하였으며, 중추 $D_1$, 수용체는 신경경로를 통하여 항이뇨적 영향을 미치고 중추 $D_2$ 수용체는 Na 배설증가작용을 매개한다는 가설을 뒷받침하는 증거를 제시하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.131-144
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• 1990

It is well known that the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has a prepro-hormone of 151 amino-acids which loses their hydrophobic signal peptide to form 126 amino acid prohormone. The whole prohormone is released and then cleaved by proteases into more than one circulating forms. Recently, Winters et al. (1988a, b) reported that high concentrations of N-terminal fragments of prepro-ANP $(26{\sim}55),\;(56{\sim}92)\;and\;(104{\sim}123)$ were detected in human plasma. However, their physiological roles have not been established. The present study was conducted to determine whether the N-terminal fragments of pro-ANP have any effect on the renal function and to compare the effect with those of G-terminal fragments of pro-ANP The results indicate that intrarenal arterial infusions of prepro-ANP $(26{\sim}41),\;(26{\sim}55),\;(56{\sim}92)\;and\;(104{\sim}123)$ induced no significant changes in renal function. Whereas ${\alpha}-human$ ANP $(prepro-ANP,\;124{\sim}151)$ and pro-ANP caused a significant increase in urine volume, renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, urinary excretions of sodium, chloride and potassium, and fractional excretion of sodium. These results suggest that the N-terminal fragments of pro-ANP are ineffective, while the C-terminal fragments retain the natriuretic and diuretic activities.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 1997

To elucidate the mechanism of gentamicin induced renal dysfunction, renal functions and activities of various proximal tubular transport systems were studied in gentamicin-treated rats (Fisher 344). Gentamicin nephrotoxicity was induced by injecting gentamicin sulfate subcutaneously at a dose of 100 $mg/kg{\cdot}day$ for 7 days. The gentamicin injection resulted in a marked polyuria, hyposthenuria, proteinuria, glycosuria, aminoaciduria, phosphaturia, natriuresis, and kaliuresis, characteristics of aminoglycoside nephropathy. Such renal functional changes occurred in the face of reduced GFR, thus tubular transport functions appeared to be impaired. The polyuria and hyposthenuria were partly associated with a mild osmotic diuresis, but mostly attributed to a reduction in free water reabsorption. In renal cortical brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from gentamicin-treated rats, the $Na^+$ gradient dependent transport of glucose, alanine, phosphate and succinate was significantly attenuated with no changes in $Na^+-independent$ transport and the membrane permeability to $Na^+$. These results indicate that gentamicin treatment induces a defect in free water reabsorption in the distal nephron and impairs various $Na^+-cotransport$ systems in the proximal tubular brush-border membranes, leading to polyuria, hyposthenuria, and increased urinary excretion of $Na^+$ and other solutes.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.175-193
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• 2016

Objective : Diuretics are effective on the patients with hypertension and heart failure, as well as edema by regulating the function of kidney, which is key organ to maintain the balance of the different electrolytes in the body. The present review article is designed to review the diuretic effect of Korean medicinal prescription base on the experimental studies.Method : For this purpose, every article related to ‘diuresis’ and 'Korean medicinal prescription' were analysed from articles which published at domestic and international journals.Results : 1. Representative Korean medicine prescriptions showed diuretic effect along with electrolyte excretion were Oryeong-san, Paeryung-tang, Hwangryungbokryung-tang and Daeganghwal-tang. 2. Some Korean medicinal prescription including Oryeong-san, Jueryeong-tang, Sipcho-tang distribute diuresis through the inhibition of renin-angiotensin-system. 3. Oryeong-san, Bojungchiseup-tang had a diuretic effect on the down-regulation of aquaporin water channel in the renal collecting duct.Conclusion : Korean medicinal transcriptions have a diuretic effect through several types of mechanism such as along with electrolytes excretion, inhibition of renin-angiotensin system, and down-regulation of water channels.

• 약학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.197-208
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• 1982

In this study attemps were made to obtain evidence as to the action of Mori Radicis Cortex on the renal' function of anesthetized mongrel dogs. 1. A light brown powder isolated from Mori Radicis Cortex (MRC) by a slight modification of Tanemura's method, when given intravenously in doses ranging 0.5 to 5.0mg/kg, elicited diuresis with the increase of positive water clearance and amounts of $Na^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ excreted in the urine. At this time the glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and osmolar clearance were not observed to have any significant changes. This diuresis was augmented in process of time and its maximum effect was exhibited about 30 minutes after administration of MRC. 2. The MRC, when administered into a intra carotid artery, responded promptly with diuresis and natriuresis at a level too small to effect renal functions when administered intravenously. In this experiment the patterns of changes of renal function were the patterns of changes of renal function were the same as those of the above intravenously administered experiment. 3. When infused directly into a renal artery, the MRC exhibited little effect on either kidney. 4. During water diuresis, the MRC did not elicit diuretic action or significant changes in renal functions. The above observations suggest that the diuresis of MRC is brought about by the inhibition of the release of antidiuretic hormone with the mechanism facilitating the excretion of $Na^{+/}$ and $K^{+}$ in urine.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1990

Kallikrein-kinin계는 신장의 혈류역학과 수분 및 전해질 배설의 조절자로서 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. Kallikrein-kinin계의 유효한 펩타이드중 하나인 bradykinin(BK)을 신동맥에 주입시 전해질 배설이 증가하는데 이 작용이 신혈류역학적 변동에 기인하는지 또는 신세뇨관의 전해질 운반에 대한 직접적인 작용에 기인하는지 아직 확실치 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 원위세뇨관(DT)과 피질집합관(CCT)에서의 전해질운반 의존성 산소소비에 대한 BK의 영향을 관찰하였다. BK$(0.1\;{\mu}M)$은 DT과 CCT의 산소소비를 유의하게 감소시켰으며 이 작용은 Na부재시 나타나지 않았고 ouabain전처치에 의해 차단되었다. 또한 이 작용은 mepacrine에 의해 유의하게 차단되었으며 indomethacin에 의하여는 차단되지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 BK이 DT과 CCT에서 Na운반과 관련한 산소소비를 억제시키며 이 작용에는 prostaglandin들이 관여하고 있지 않음을 시사한다.