• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 1998

꿀의 식품학적 특성만으로는 토종과 양봉꿀의 판별이 불가능하므로 꿀 속에 존재하는 단백질의 특성으로 판별의 기준을 마련하고자 다음과 같은 연구결과를 얻었다. 꿀 속의 단백질을 Bradford방법을 이용하여 정량한 결과 토종꿀은 $0.1{\sim}3.3\;mg/g$이었고 양봉꿀은 $0.2{\sim}1.6\;mg/g$으로 토종꿀이 양봉꿀의 단백질함량보다 많음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 단백질 전기영동방법을 이용하여 수집한 벌꿀의 단백질 pattern을 관찰해 본 결과 토종꿀과 양봉꿀의 주요 단백질의 분자량이 각각 56,000 Da과 59,000 Da으로 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 수집한 모든 토종꿀과 양봉꿀에서 같은 결과를 나타내어 이들 단백질이 토종벌과 양봉벌의 생리적 차이에 의해서 나타나는 결과로 판단되었다. 또한 이 주요 단백질을 두 단계의 chromatography를 통해 정제하였으며, 정제된 주요 단백질은 토종꿀과 양봉꿀을 구별할 수 있는 SDS-PAGE의 marker로 이용할 수 있었다. 그리고 꿀의 주요 단백질을 잘 분리하기 위해서는 10%의 gel농도가 가장 적합하였으며 이 방법을 이용하여 토종꿀과 양봉꿀을 신속하고 효과적으로 구별할 수 있었다.

• 한국양봉학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.269-275
• /
• 2018

Beekeeping status of Apis cerana with emphasis of experiences overcoming sacbrood virus disease are presented. Social bee fauna are rich in Vietnam with 6 honeybee species (Apis laboriosa, Apis dorsata, Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, Apis andrenifomis, Apis florea); 8 stingless bee species (Trigona laeviceps, Trigona ventralis, Trigona pagdeni, Trigona gressitti, Trigona fuscobalteata, Trigona capenteri, Trigona scintillans Trigona iridipenis) and 2 bumble bee species (Bumbus haemorrhoidalis, B. breviceps). All of them are native except A. mellifera which was introduced in1887. These bees are slated for conservation by the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development. Honey and other bee products are mainly harvested from 3 species including A. cerana, A. mellifera and A. dorsata. The manageable species (A. cerana and A. mellifera) are increasing in number, reaching about 1,500,000 beehives. Vietnam is the second largest honey exporter in Asia, with a total of about 48,000 tons of honey exported to the international market in 2014. A. cerana plays an important role in poverty alleviation in mountainous and remote areas of Vietnam. Honeybee suffers from various diseases of Sacbrood virus disease (SBV), European foulbrood (EFB), Nosema, and parasitic mites of Tropilaelaps mercedes and Varroa destructor. Most of these diseases can be resolved with biocontrol methods. For the parasitic mites, Vietnamese beekeepers usually apply formic acid.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.675-679
• /
• 1994

Minerals, hydroxymethyfufural (HMF) and vitamins in native bee-honey (NBH) harvested from four different areas of Kangwon, korea were analyzed . Ash content of NBH varied from 0.26 to 0.50 % with the mean and standard deviation values of 0.32$\pm$ 0.17% and those of FBH varied from 0.15 to 0.58%(0.32$\pm$0.37) . Among analyzed minerals, the concentration of K,Ca, Mg, Fe and P except Na in NBH were found to be higher than those in FBH. The amounts of K and NA in NBH were 1200-3200ppm(2000 $\pm$770ppm) and 35-50ppm(38$\pm$6ppm), and those in FBH were 1100-3300ppm(1900$\pm$ 1700ppm) and 32-72ppm(49$\pm$17ppm), respectively. The mean value of Na to K ratio expressed as Na/Kx10$^3$ was 20$\pm$4 for the NBH and 41$\pm$25 for the FBH. HMF levels in NBH were 0.50$\pm$0.22mg% which was twice as much as those in FBH. Ascorbic acid and riboflavin in NBH were present at the range of 2.2-4.0mg% and 0.17-0.24mg% , respectively, of which were not significantly different from those obtained from the FBH.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.63-80
• /
• 1990

A sensitive and simple analytical system for the simultaneous determination of residual oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and doxycycline in honey was described, and that the analytical method for determination of residual propionic acid in honey was established. Experimental subjects were purchased four kinds of honey, native kind honey, acaccia honey, mixed floral honey, chestnut honey in Kyung Sang Nam Do. Several microbiological methods are available to determine tetracycline antibiotecs(TCs) in foods but their precision apears to be variable and the specificity is questionable. These methods are considered to be not suitable for analysis of tetracycline antibiotics in honey because honey itself has bacteriostatic action. For determination of tetracycline antibiotics in honey, therefore the High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) method was applied, and the propionic acid were determined by Gas Chromatography(5.C). Ethylacetate, as an extract solvent, was found to be suitable for seperation of TCs in honey, but methanol and acetone were not. The recoverly rate of Oxytetracycline(OTC), Tetracycline(TC), Doxycycline(DC) from honey spiked at a level of 10 $\mu $g/g were 97%, 89%, and 91%, respectively. The cailbration curve in TCs was linear expression from 2$\mu $g/ml to 10$\mu $g/ml. As the results of analysis, the residual tetracycline antibiotics were not detected in the 100 samples of honey. The recovery rate of propionic acid from honey spiked at level of 10$\mu $g/g was 98.3% , and the calibra lion curves were linear expression from 21$\mu $g/ml to 101$\mu $g/ml. As the results of analysis, the residual propionic acid was not detected in the 100 samples of honey. Retention time(min) of OTC, DC, and TC were 3.35, 4.61, and 5.30 minutes at the conditions of table 2, respectively, and retention time(min) of propionic acid was 3.50 minutes at the conditions of table 3. The residual TCs and propionic acid were not detected in the 100 samples of honey, but there is a possibility that antibiotics or propionic acid will be to remain in honey if they are used during product period in order to prevent putrefaction of honey-bee.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.572-579
• /
• 2003

An expressed sequence tag (EST) library was established from the hypopharyngeal glands of Apis cerana. Sixty-six recombinant clones, possessing inserts >500 bp, were randomly selected and unidirectional sequenced. Forty-two of these (63.6%) were identified as homologues of Major Royal Jelly Proteins families 1, 2, 3, and 4 of A. mellifera (AmMRJP) for which MRJP1 was the most abundant family. The open-reading frame of the MRJP1 homologue (AcMRJP1) was 1299 nucleotides that encoded 433 deduced amino acids with three predicted N-linked glycosylation sites. The AcMRJP1 sequence showed 93% and 90% homologies with nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of AmMRJP1, respectively. Two complete transcripts of apisimin, and one and two partial transcripts of $\alpha$-glucosidase and glucose oxidase, were also isolated. In addition, the royal jelly proteins of A. cerana were purified and characterized using Q-Sepharose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The native forms of protein peaks A1, A2, B1, and C1 were 115, 55, 50, and 300 kDa, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that A1 and C1 were dimeric and oligomeric forms of the 80 kDa and 50 kDa subunits, respectively. The ratio of the total protein quantities of A1 : A2 : B1 : C1 were 2.52 : 4.72 : 1 : 12.21. Further characterization of each protein, using N-terminal and internal peptide sequencing, revealed that the respective proteins were homologues of MRJP3, MRJP2, MRJP1, and MRJP1 of A. mellifera.

• 한국양봉학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.227-237
• /
• 2018

The majority parasitic bee mites of Thailand in genus Tropilaelaps are infesting colonies of native bees (Apis dorsata) and introduced bees (A. mellifera). The investigation aims to study morphological and genetic variation of Tropilaelaps mites infected different hosts. Adult mites were collected from honey bee brood throughout Thailand. Traditional and geometrical morphometrics were measured on photograph by using TPS program. Additional, COI gene variations were examined by PCR-RFLP and nucleotides sequencing. Tree of mites relationships were constructed by NJ and MP assumptions. Morphometric results indicated T. mercedesae were major species infesting on A. dorsata and A. mellifera. Mophological variation represented at anal and epigynial plate, which the shape of the anal plate apex margin has been key character to identify between T. mercedesae (bell to blunt shape) and T. koenigerum (pear shape). However, the discriminant analysis suggested that geometric results were potential to classify Thai Tropilaelaps populations from different hosts better than traditional morphometric. Otherwise, PCR-RFLP clearly detected the site of Dra I and Xba I digestion of Thai Tropilaelaps morphotypes. The COI sequences of T. koenigerum were founded infesting only A. dorsata in Thailand and four sequences that related to the Thai T. mercedesae morphotypes. The NJ and MP tree were clearly classified Thai Tropilaelaps species which were suggested both from morphological and molecular analysis. This information might be basically of taxonomic status, but this should have implication for controlling these mites in Thailand and other countries.

• 한국양봉학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 2020

토종벌 개량벌통에 대해 전문가와 양봉농가를 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였고, 4종 개량벌통(충주, 밀양, 하남, 수원)의 내외부 온습도와 무게변화를 2019년 5월 1일부터 2020년 1월 31일까지 비교 분석하였다. 양봉농가들은 개량벌통의 부수자재로 수직사양기, 받침대, 격리판, 소문조절기 등의 필요성에 공감했다. 벌통 중심부 육아권의 평균온도는 매우 안정하게 유지되는 경향을 보였고(31.3~35.1℃), 시험 벌통들 중 충주벌통에서 육아권의 일간 온도 변이가 가장 낮게 나타났다(≤1℃). 격리판 바깥 격리공간과 월동 봉구 상부의 평균 일간 온도 변이는 4종류 개량벌통들 간 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 벌통 육아권의 온도와 소비수 간 상관관계는 충주벌통이 가장 높았고(80.4%), 외부 온도와 월동 봉구 상부의 온도 간 상관관계는 4종류 벌통 모두 높았다(76.8~87.1%). 벌통 중심부 육아권의 상대습도(45~60%)는 상대적으로 벌통 외부 습도(60~85%)에 비해 낮고 일정하게 유지되었다. 월동 봉구 상부의 상대습도 변화는 수원벌통이 가장 안정적이었다(65~75%). 벌통들 중에서 가장 높은 누적 무게 증가가 밀양과 충주벌통에서 보였고, 이들 벌통은 누적무게 변화와 소비수 간에도 높은 상관관계(65~67%)를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과에서 토종벌은 자신들의 봉군 유지를 위해 육아권의 온습도를 일정하게 유지하는 능력을 보였지만, 개량 벌통의 규격에 따라 차이를 보임을 알 수 있었다.