• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

Constructed wetlands are improvised man-made systems, designed for adopting the principle of natural wetlands for purifying wastewater - the elixir of life. They are used widely as a cost-effective and energy-efficient solution for treating greywater generated from different tertiary treatment sources. It provides an elaborate platform for research activities in an attempt to recycle earth's natural resources. Among the several organic impurities removal mechanisms existing in constructed wetland systems, the earth's active microbial population plays a vital role. This review deals with the recent advancements in constructed wetland systems from a microbiological perspective to (effect/ devise/ formulate) chemical and physical treatment for water impurities. It focuses on microbial diversity studies in constructed wetlands, influence of wetland media on microbial diversity and wetland performance, role of specific microbes in water reuse, removal of trace elements, some heavy metals and antibiotics in constructed wetlands. The impurities removal processes in constructed wetlands is achieved by combined interactive systems such as selected plant species, nature of substrate used for microbial diversity and several biogeochemical effected reaction cycles in wetland systems. Therefore, the correlation studies that have been conducted by earlier researchers in microbial diversity in wetlands are addressed herewith.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 1998

A potentiometric flow injection biosensor for the analysis of anti-cholinesterases (anti-ChEs), based on inhibition of enzyme activity, was developed. The sensor system consists of a reactor with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immobilized on controlled pore glass and a detector with an $H^{+}-selective$ PVC-based membrane electrode. The principle of the analysis is based on the fact that the degree of inhibition of AChE by an anti-ChE is dependent on the concentration of the anti-ChE in contact with AChE. The sensor system was optimized by changing systematically the operating parameters of the sensor to evaluate the effect of the changes on sensor response to ACh. The optimized biosensor was applied to the analysis of paraoxon, an organophosphorus pesticide. Treatment of the inhibited enzyme with pyridine-2-aldoxime fully restored the enzyme activity allowing repeated use of the sensor.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 1986

The single treatment of mice with steam distillate, non-volatile ether extract and methanol extract from mace (Arils of Myristica fragrans) caused a significant prolongation of hexobarbital-induced narcosis and increase in strychnine toxicity as well as a significant decrease in hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme activities. On 7 consecutive daily administrations, however, the duration of hypnosis was markedly shortened and significant increases in the hepatic enzyme activities were shown. With systematic fractionation by $SiO_2$ column chromatography of non-volatile ether fraction monitoring by animal tests a new lignan (mp $70{\sim}72^{\circ}$, MW 328, $[{\alpha}]^{20}_D+5.28$) was isolated as an active principle and its structure was elucidated as (2R, 3S)-1-(3,4-methylendioxyphenyl)-2,3 dimethyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) butane.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.132-137
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• 2008

A failure analysis of ammonia converter which suffered hydrogen attack in two years since its initial operating time was presented. It is constructed from 2.25 Cr.1 Mo steel. Analysis showed that the failure on closing seam weld joint was due to local improper post weld heat treatment (PWHT). Improper PWHT can introduce high residual stresses in thick-walled pressure vessel. High residual stress level in weld joint is very prone to hydrogen attack for any components which are operating in hydrogen gas environment. The repair procedures based on the principle to decrease the residual stress then proposed. The repair was controlled very carefully by applying several nondestructive tests in the each stage of repair. To assure the successful of the proposed repair, after one year since repair time, high temperature ultrasonic and TOFD methods were applied on-stream to this equipment in order to evaluate its post repair condition. The two methods showed good results on the repaired area.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 1986

The single acute treatment of mice with the steam distillate, non-volatile ether extract and methanol extract from mace, arils of Myristica fragrans(Myristicaceae) caused a significant prolongation of hexobarbital-induced narcosis, an increase in strychnine toxicity as well as a significant decrease in hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme activities. On seven daily consecutive administrations, however, the duration of narcosis was markedly shortened and significant increases in the hepatic enzyme activities were shown. From the non-volatile ether fraction, macelignan, a new lignan, mp $70{\sim}72^{\circ}$ was isolated as an active principle.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.149-153
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• 2019

Recurrence is a common complication following hallux valgus surgery. The postoperative recurrence rates have been reported to be between 2.7% and 16%. Reoperation is considered only for the recurrent deformities with intractable pain. The success of reoperation depends on identifying and addressing the cause of the recurrence appropriately. The surgical principle of reoperation for a recurrent hallux valgus is similar to that of the primary surgery, but arthrodesis and proximal metatarsal osteotomies with greater correcting power are adopted more frequently.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2005

Recently implant has become an important field in dental clinic. Radiographic examination of pre- and post- operation is essential for successful treatment. Clinicians should have knowledge about the purpose of the radiographic examination, suitable imaging modality for the cases, anatomic landmarks of tooth and jaw bone, advantage and limitation of panoramic radiographic examination for implant, principle and interpretation of cross-sectional imaging, bone mineral density, post-operative radiographic examination. This paper will be helpful to get above informations for dentists who want to do dental implant successfully.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1988

Impaired erythrocyte deformability was considered to paly an important role in microcirculatory disturbances. We recently confirmed that the brazilin, the main active principle of Caesalpinia sappan, enhanced activity of erythrocyte deformability and reduced blood viscosity. In this study, we examined the effects of brazilin on three biochemical parameters (ATP, 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate, and calcium) which influenced erythrocyte deformability. Treatment with barzilin increased erythrocyte deformability and ATP concentrations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Concentrations of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate and calcium in diabetic rats following brazilin administration were decreased significantly compared to those of diabetic control rats. The results suggest that brazilin have a potential effect to improve rheological abnormalities in diabetes.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.630-635
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• 2016

In the prior work, we studied a ballast water treatment apparatus, which is secondary pollution free by using physical treatment of shear stress. The principle of this apparatus is smashing various microorganisms by shear stress generated between stationary outer cylinder and revolving inner cylinder. Because of various magnitude of shear stress according to the inner cylinder surface type and revolution speed, an appropriate surface type and optimum revolution speed should be studied by consecutive experiment to determine the reference data for commercial apparatus. Through a comparative study of disk type and cylinder type of ballast water treatment apparatus, cylinder type is turned out to be superb to disk type. In this study, we studied to determine the superior collaboration of cylinder type, groove type and knurling type of inner cylinder to non patterned outer cylinder, and to optimize the revolution speed and flow rate according to the gap between inner cylinder and outer cylinder. As a result, we could get perfect sterilization effect at groove type under the conditions of 250 mL/min of flow rate at 8,000 rpm and 500 mL/min of flow rate at 10,000 rpm respectively.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.459-466
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• 2010

Alveolar distraction osteogenesis (ADO) has been regarded as an acceptable treatment for the alveolar bone deficiency. For ADO at anterior maxillary area, the vector should be oriented to forward and down-ward direction to get an adequate occlusion with mandibular teeth and to increase bone length and width for implant placement. However, the conventional commercial distraction devices for ADO are designed to allow mainly downward movement of alveolar segment, even though a forward movement can be obtained a little by controlling of inclination of device. To make ADO with controllable bidirectional vector possible, we used customized devices using self-manufactured ABDUL (Alveolar Bone Distractor Using Lag screw principle) and commercial orthodontic palatal expansion device ($Hyrex^{(R)}$). In all cases (n = 4), ADO could be performed successfully and dental implants were able to placed with adequate occlusion. We report the procedures, advantages and disadvantages of these methods.