• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2008

As the NOAFL of copper based on liver toxicity in the human body is set and the TDI of copper is lower, it is necessary to strengthen the drinking water standard of copper according to toxic effects and the TDI of copper in humans. It is difficult to calculate the accurate drinking water standard because of the part of uncertainty for chronic effects of acute human with Wilson's disease and baby in the current studies. In order to improve the drinking water standard of copper considering of liver toxicity, it is desired to set the drinking water standard with concerning of the revising tendency in the foreign countries such as US, EC and WHO.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2013

Objectives Although tongue diagnosis is one of major diagnostic methods in east Asian traditional medicine, the standard of normal tongue color have not established. So we tried to suggest the method to establish the standard of normal tongue color range and the pilot data about the normal range. Materials and methods: 22 precedent study papers that presented the numerical data of normal (light red) tongue color were analyzed. At the same time, 46 adult people tongue color data were also collected and analyzed. Results Precedent studies showed remarkable fluctuations of the range of normal tongue color. Collected tongue color data of the 46 people showed mean Hue value 2 and standard deviation 14 in HSB system. Additionally, 3 ways of standard establishment for normal tongue color were suggested. Conclusion We suggest statistical method as a reasonable method for tongue color standard establishment and $2{\pm}14$ as a reference Hue value for normal tongue color.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.174-180
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• 2014

Standard weather data available to greenhouse environmental design are limited in most regions of the country. So, instead of using standard weather data, in order to find the method to build design weather data for greenhouse heating and cooling, design outdoor weather conditions were analyzed and compared by TAC method and frequency analysis using climatological normal and thirty years from 1981 to 2010 hourly weather data provided by KMA and standard weather data provided by KSES. Average TAC values of outdoor temperature, relative humidity and insolation using thirty years hourly weather data showed a good agreement with them using standard weather data. Therefore, in regions which are not available standard weather data, we suggest that design outdoor weather conditions should be analyzed using thirty years hourly weather data. Average of TAC values derived from every year hourly weather data during the whole period can be established as environmental design standards, and also minimum and maximum of them can be used as reference data.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.426-435
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• 2012

The variation of stream flow is the one of the most important factors which influence on that of water quality in the unit watershed. The target water quality goal is established and permissible load is allotted in the base of the standard flow condition along with its water quality for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). A standard flow selected could cause problems in the load allotment if it was not properly arranged. This study reviewed the acquisition of water quality data, the self-variation and the retainability in water quality on the specific flow conditions. This study also proposed the median and the adjusted average flow condition out of general flow conditions as alternative standard flow conditions. It is considered that the alternatives can make the water quality data easily acquired and the water quality representativeness more enhanced on the standard flow conditions.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.132-140
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• 2020

Purpose: To retrospectively determine whether specialized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reading performed by an experienced radiologist affected the successful assessment of extraprostatic extension (EPE) in the presence of biopsy-related hemorrhage after prostate biopsy. Materials and Methods: Two hundred consecutive patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer underwent MRI. General radiologist and subspecialized radiologist readings were unpaired and reviewed in random order by a radiologist who was blinded to patients' clinical details and histopathologic data. The extent of hemorrhage was assessed on T1-weighted (T1W) MRI using a 1-4 scale, and the likelihood of EPE was assessed for each of the four categories. Histopathologic specimens served as the reference standard. The area under the curve (AUC) of the standard reading was compared to that of the specialized reading. Results: Post-biopsy hemorrhage was subjectively graded as ≥ 3 in 101 patients (50.5%) by standard reading, and in 100 patients (50.0%) by specialized reading. The standard and specialized readings disagreed for 40 (20.7%) of the patients (kappa [κ] = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.48). Of these, specialized reading was the correct interpretation for 21 patients (52.5%). The sensitivity (75% vs. 44%; P = 0.002) and area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) (0.83 vs. 0.67; P = 0.008) of the specialized readings were significantly higher than those of the standard readings, while there was no significant difference in specificity (84% vs. 87%; P = 0.434). Conclusion: The reinterpretation of MRI by experienced radiologists significantly improves the diagnosis of EPE in prostate cancer in the presence of post-biopsy hemorrhage.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2014

The wireless sensor networking standard DASH7 operates in low-power communication with a better transmission quality in active RFID networks. The DASH7 security standard supports public key cryptography. At present, the DASH7 standard uses the message authentication code in the network layer for authentication and integrity. However, its security standard is still in an incubation stage with respect to the implementation of a crypto exchange over a DASH7 network. Effective key management is an important factor for privacy and security. If organizations are not careful about where and how keys are stored, they leave the encrypted data vulnerable to theft. In this regard, we present a key management system designed for efficient key management through public key infrastructure authentication as well as a non-repudiation feature for the DASH7 standard. We analyze the performance of the proposed system on a basis of various performance criteria such as latency and throughput.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2013

Since 2010, politicians and netizens have been frequently talking about "The Standard of a Nation". Specification/Standard contains "de facto standard" and "de jure standard". "The Standard of a Nation", the level of a state's quality, is prescribed by the constitution. Though the constitution, which is equal to a state's official standard, has been well established, it would be undervalued without civil obedience. The state standard can never be improved by a couple of successful projects or some national policies. The time is that the people who would like to level up of the state standard also should consider technology and science as important.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2018

In this study, we develop and propose damping correction factors for the Korean standard design spectra. The newly proposed Korean standard design spectra has been given only for 5% damping ratio. But in practice, engineers need design spectra for damping values other than 5%. To obtain design spectra for various damping values from the standard spectra, damping correction factors are derived. These factors modify the shape of design spectra in accordance with the damping ratio. Response spectra for various damping values are calculated from the earthquake records that had been used to calculate standard design spectra. They consist of 55 records from 18 earthquakes occurred in overseas intraplate regions and Korea. The regressed spectra for the damping values ranging from 0.5% to 50 % are compared with standard spectra at three regions acceleration, velocity and displacement sensitive regions. The regression analysis of these data rendered formula for damping correction factors. Finally, a single formula for damping correction factors is recommended that is valid for both horizontal and vertical design spectra and that is applicable to the entire range of periods. One thing to note that recommended damping correction factors is valid for the design spectrum of the rock grounds because the design spectra was developed based on the earthquake records of the rock ground.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.93-101
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• 2017

The distribution of inter-annual variation in temperature would help evaluate the likelihood of a climatic risk and assess suitable zones of crops under climate change. In this study, we evaluated two methods to estimate the standard deviation of temperature in the areas where weather information is limited. We calculated the monthly standard deviation of temperature by collecting temperature at 0600 and 1500 local standard time from 10 automated weather stations (AWS). These weather stations were installed in the range of 8 to 1,073m above sea level within a mountainous catchment for 2011-2015. The observed values were compared with estimates, which were calculated using a geospatial correction scheme to derive the site-specific temperature. Those estimates explained 88 and 86% of the temperature variations at 0600 and 1500 LST, respectively. However, it often underestimated the temperatures. In the spring and fall, it tended to had different variance (e.g., increasing or decreasing pattern) from lower to higher elevation with the observed values. A regression analysis was also conducted to quantify the relationship between the standard deviation in temperature and the topography. The regression equation explained a relatively large variation of the monthly standard deviation when lapse-rate corrected temperature, basic topographical variables (e.g., slope, and aspect) and topographical variables related to temperature (e.g., thermal belt, cold air drainage, and brightness index) were used. The coefficient of determination for the regression analysis ranged between 0.46 and 0.98. It was expected that the regression model could account for 70% of the spatial variation of the standard deviation when the monthly standard deviation was predicted by using the minimum-maximum effective range of topographical variables for the area.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.444-455
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• 2015

In relation to the utilization and disposal of dredged sediment caused by coastal dredging project, we diagnosed the status of legal standard and system, and proposed the improvement plan. Dredging costal sediment distinguished the usage and the disposal by the Standard for the Beneficial Usage of Dredged Sediment. The site where disposal has been completed could be used as a site for developmental project. In case of the usage of dredged sediment for reclamation, we found that the adaptation of the Standard for Beneficial Usage of Dredged Sediment is appropriate for reclamation considering the characteristic of soil, the differences of variables, and the distinction of standard analysis methods. The current the Standard for Beneficial Usage of Dredged Sediment requires the improvement with the usage of dredging coastal sediment in the following. First, the Standard needs to include the standard of the discrimination for reclamation. Second, the current Standard is necessary to be divided by two levels, it needs to be mitigated considering human health risk. Third, it is necessary to consider both the marine environmental impact assessment and mitigation plan near coastal dredging area.