• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.184-192
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to review the curriculum and license examination of physical therapists in the United States. Methods: The doctor of physical therapy (DPT) curriculum was evaluated by a review Course Work Tool version 6 (CWT6) data and current physical therapy licensure examination (National Physical Therapy Exam, NPTE) category in the United States. Results: The results indicated that they were required to meet the doctor of physical therapist degree based on 'Guide to Physical Therapist Practice' of American Physical Therapy Association (APTA). This includes general education in the areas of communications and humanities, physical science, biological science, social and behavioral science, and mathematics. A minimum of one course must be completed successfully in each area of general education. Moreover, there should be at least 68 didactic credits of professional education and 22 clinical education credits, which is a minimum of two full-time clinical internships with no less than 1050 hours in total, which were supervised by a physical therapist. Regarding the physical therapy licensure examination, National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE, 2016) consisted of a physical therapy examination (26.5%), evaluation, differential diagnosis, baseline of prognosis (32.5%), intervention (28.5%), protection, responsibility, and research (6.5%) based on the 'Guide to Physical Therapist Practice'. Conclusion: Based on the study results provided above, it is considered a standard to meet domestic reality as the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice of APTA for South Korean physical therapists.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.791-798
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate degree of national exam's stress, symptom of temporomanibular disorder(TMD) in allied health students and relationship between of them. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 305 students of dental hygiene and physical therapy in Chungbuk and Gyeongnam in December 2015. Except incomplete questionnaire, 260 data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 program. The study instruments consisted of subjective symptom of temporomandibular disorder, bad habit of mouth and degree of national exam's stress. Results: National exam stress was higher in female and subjective unhealthy students(p<0.05). High group and usual group on national exams's stress showed high subjective symptom(p<0.05). National exam's stress were related to subjective symptom of TMD and bad habit of mouth(p<0.05, p<0.01). Subjective symptom of TMD were related to bad habits of mouth(p<0.01). Conclusion: The degree of stress, TMD and bad habits of mouth on national exam test was high. therefore, it is important to manage the national exam's stress and to develop program in order to reduce the national exam's stress in allied health students.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of heat application on the immune activities of the human body. To exam, furthermore, the immune effect from the healthy volunteer(male:15, female:15) by monitoring changes of immune substances such as various leukocytes[total white blood cell(WBC), eosinophil, neutrophil, basophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte], a comparative study with warm water immersion($40.8{\pm}0.3^{\circ}C$) and infrared(250W) was carried out. The plasma analysis showed that the count of white blood cell, eosinophil, and neutrophil were elevated in warm water immersion- or infrared. stimulated group compared with control group. However, the count of basophil was decreased in both warm water immersion- and infrared-stimulated group than control group. Therefore, these results suggest that the thermostimulation improved immune activity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.173-178
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• 2011

Homeopathic Pulsatilla 30C was evaluated in 4 clinical cases of ophthalmic complications with concomitant separation anxiety in dogs. Separation anxiety in dogs is excessive anxiety regarding to the separation from owners and is one of the most common behavioral problems in dog. In addition, ocular diseases is sometimes related with abnormal behaviors. Holistic approach is good alternative method to treat dogs with physical problem associated behavior problem. Homeopathy is one of the complementary and alternative medicines and bases on healing of patients themselves which includes mind healing, not the disease itself. Among the material medical remedy of homeopathy, the Pulsatilla is used as homeopathic remedy for ocular problems, earache, cough, cold, and anxiety from lost attention. These case studies described the successful treatment of ocular diseases and separation anxiety by application of Pulsatilla 30C as homeopathy in 4 dogs. During the homeopathy, these dogs did not receive any other treatments, and were performed the physical exam to check the ocular problems. These dogs were completely cured of physical and behavior problem within 10 days. On following up, any clinical signs were not observed at one month after the last therapy. In addition, as from the treatment the anxiety problem of patients has been much better improved. According to these case studies, we know that an application of homeopathic remedy may be useful therapeutic choice to treat both problems of physical and behavior.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.485-488
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• 2009

Purpose: Malignant melanoma of the lower extremity is well known to metastasize to the lymph nodes of the groin. However, in rare cases, the initial site of the nodal disease can be the popliteal fossa. As of yet, there has not been any report on cases with popliteal lymph node metastasis in Koreans. In the following report, authors would like to present two cases of popliteal node metastasis. Methods: A 60 - year - old male patient presented with nodular mass at his left sole. He had popliteal node metastasis detected on preoperative positron emission tomography(PET). Another 67 - year - old man presented with pigmented lesion at his right heel. He also had popliteal node metastasis detected on the MRI. They underwent wide excision of the primary lesion with popliteal node dissection. Results: In the first case, $2.5{\times}2.5cm$ sized metastatic melanoma in popliteal node was pathologically confirmed. There were no postoperative complications, and to date(18 months after the surgery), the patient is alive with no evidence of disease. In the second case, multiple(4) metastatic melanoma in popliteal nodes was confirmed. The patient is alive, but has had interferon therapy for liver metastasis. Conclusion: By increasing the use of lymphoscintigraphy or PET as a preoperative diagnostic work - up for metastasis, even popliteal node metastasis undetectable in a physical exam becomes detectable. When metastatic lymph node is found, node dissection is the standard of care. Therefore, it is essential that we know the anatomy and surgical technique for popliteal lymph node dissection.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2013

This study is designed to evaluate the treatment outcome of occlusal stabilizing splint and to assess follow-up study of condylar bony changes using cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) in adolescents patients (12-19 years) with TMJ osteoarthritis(OA). 167 eroded condyles in 149 subjects were chosen among the patients who presented to the Department of Oral Medicine of Pasan National University Hospital, diagnosed as TMJ osteoarthritis by clinical exam, x-ray and CBCT from 2009 to 2012. They were treated conservatively with physical therapy, medication, behavioral therapy and occlusal stabilizing splint therapy. After average 9 months, CBCT was retaken and subjective symptoms and clinical findings were investigated. Condyle bony changes were classified by unchanged, less severe and more severe. The obtained results were as follow: 1. Pain, Noise, LOM(Limitation of motion) and MCO(Maximum comfortable opening) measurement of TMJ OA patients were markedly improved after conservative treatment. 2. In the occlusal stabilizing splint therapy group, Pain and LOM were statistically significant improved than non-occlusal stabilizing splint therapy group. 3. In the acute occlusal stabilizing splint therapy group, Pain and LOM were remarkably improved. 4. In comparison of CBCT1 and CBCT2 images, the transition of bone changes to lesser severe was most commonly in joint with erosive change. 5. In the non-occlusal stabilizing splint therapy group, the transition of condylar bone changes from erosion to more severe was many than occlusal stabilizing splint therapy group.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2012

To evaluate the treatment outcome of occlusal stabilizing splint in patients with TMJ osteoarthritis, the 76 subjects were chosen among the patients who presented to the Department of Oral medicine of Pusan National University Hospital, diagnosed as TMJ osteoarthritis by cone beam computed tomography, x-ray and clinical exam, and treated with occlusal stabilizing splint from 2009 to 2011. They were treated with physical therapy and medication before occlusal stabilizing splint delivery and checked monthly after occlusal stabilizing splint delivery. Subjective symptoms and clinical findings were investigated to evaluate and compare the subjects' status at the first visit, splint delivery visit and the last visit. The results were as follows; 1. Pain, noise, LOM and MCO were significantly improved between the first visit and occlusal stabilizing splint delivery visit, and between occlusal stabilizing splint delivery and the last visit. 2. In the acute group, pain and noise were significantly improved between the first visit and occlusal stabilizing splint delivery visit. Pain, LOM and MCO were significantly improved between splint delivery visit and the last visit 3. In the chronic group, pain, noise and LOM were significantly improved between occlusal stabilizing splint delivery visit and the last visit.