• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.21-28
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• 2022

The increase in the number of large cities and the size of their population sharpens attention to the new role of cities as entities to ensure a high-quality, safe and modern life of citizens, which has become significantly more active in recent years. The rapid spread of smart cities in the modern world has actualized the issue of analyzing their success and assessing the role of various factors in this. Every success of a smart city is always the result of a unique combination of the most modern technologies, environmental and social initiatives, skillful and consistent management, as well as available human potential. The purpose of the article is to analyze the success factors of smart cities based on the generalization of the results of the most famous ratings. In order to identify the impact of various factors, primarily intellectual, on the success and leadership positions of smart cities, the following ratings were consistently analyzed: Smart City Index (SCI), City in Motion Index (CIMI), Global Power City Index (GPCI), Global Cities Index (GCI), Global Cities Outlook (GCO). They have a different list of indicators and main pillars (dimensions), but all ratings take into account aspects such as: governance, ICT, mobility, functionality, human capital, etc. The highest correlation coefficient, that is, the strongest linear relationship of the CIMI index was found with such factors as: Human capital, Economy, Governance and Technologies. Summarizing the results of the TOP 20 smart cities according to different ratings allowed us to confirm that the list of leaders is very similar in all ratings. Among those cities that are in the TOP-20 in all five indexes are: London, Sydney and Singapore. There are four indices: New York, Paris, Tokyo, Copenhagen, Berlin, Amsterdam, Melbourne. Achieving leadership positions in smart city rankings is always the result of a combination and synergy of certain factors, and first of all, it is the quality of human capital. The intensity and success of the use of information and communication technologies in locality management processes, city planning and improvement of the city's living conditions depend on it.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.377-388
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• 2020

The research identifies hypotheses evaluating the impact of board characteristics on the risk of the commercial bank as well as examining the determinants of bank risk in Vietnam over a 10-year period, starting from 2008. Also, in this research, the differences between the roles of women and men in decision-making are tested. Based on this decision, risks of the banks may arise. Ordinary least squares(OLS) regression, Random effect method, and Fixed effect method are used to estimate the factors that have an impact on bank risk for dataset of all commercial banks in Vietnam. The results found that equity-to-asset ratio, bank performance and the economic growth have an inverse relationship with bank risk, while the size of bank has a positive relationship with the bank risk. One of the highlights of this paper is a demonstration of the relationship between CEO's gender and bank risk. The test result shows that the bank led by a female faces a higher overall risk level and credit risk than a bank led by a male. Based on this result, the paper also makes recommendations to Government, the State Bank of Vietnam and the commercial banks for effective risk management.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.253-273
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• 2020

This paper investigates the impact of the effective minimum wage, defined as the log difference between the minimum and the median wages, on wage inequalities in the OECD countries. Unlike the previous studies that focus on single countries in which the minimum wage has no cross-sectional variation and rely instead on within-country variations of wage distribution across regions or socio-economic characteristics, we use a country panel that allows for both cross-sectional and time-series variations in minimum wage. We also control for more factors than in the previous studies whose absence may cause endogeneity. Our results confirm the previous findings that increases in minimum wage alleviate the wage inequality at the lower tail of the wage distribution, while having little effect at the upper tail. The estimated effect is larger for women than for men, which is consistent with the fact that the share of workers who are directly affected by the changes in minimum wage is bigger among women than men. An application of the IVs of Autor, Manning and Smith (2016) supports the robustness of our findings.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.21-38
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• 2021

China adopts the "Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035" in the context of tremendous changes in the international environment. A new development paradigm is proposed to prioritize domestic circulation, reinforcing both domestic and international circulations. The industrial policies of China's "14th Five-Year Plan" will have an impact on Korea. Thus it is necessary for Korea to cooperate with China to actively respond to changes in the industrial chains and value chains in Asia and the world. Over the past 29 years since the establishment of diplomatic relation between China and South Korea, the two countries have enjoyed close economic and trade relations. China-ROK cooperation is critical to regional economic development in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the era of remarkable changes in the world's political and economic structure. China is a robust developing country, while Korea is a developed one in with steady foothold in the world economy. China and South Korea should work together to contribute to the rapid recovery and development of the world economy instead of becoming competitors.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.45-69
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• 2024

Purpose - To examine the influence of mobile visual search as a strategic technology service on consumer perceived economic value and customer commitments, which in turn affect consumer's usage intention of mobile visual search. This study also explores the moderating effect of different levels of consumer online shopping orientation. Design/methodology/approach - One-by-one open-ended in-depth interview was first undertaken to 15 Korean consumers to figure the features of mobile visual search. Then a conceptual model was built to verify the hypotheses that indicate the impact of mobile visual search on consumer perceived economic value and customer commitment, which further influence consumer's usage intention. Findings - The results show Convenience, Information quality, Personalization, Text-free search interface design and Visual communication of mobile visual search positively influence consumer perceived economic value and customer commitment and in turn positively affect consumer's usage intention. Moreover, the different levels of consumer online shopping orientation also found to have different effects on consumers' perception and behavior of using mobile visual search in online fashion shopping. Research implications or Originality - The present study verified that mobile visual search is a service tool that consumers want to use in the online fashion shopping journey since it provides economic benefits.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.39-57
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• 2012

Analysis of the economic impact on Korean bioindustry companies was approached after Korea access to the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter 'the Protocol') enters into force. Cost analysis of the economic impact is based on the size of bioindustry market, dependency ratio on genetic resources abroad, ABS (Access and Benefit Sharing) ratio for royalty ratio. Korean bioindustry companies would have had to pay extra ABS cost around 1.3-6.0 billion won for using genetic resources abroad, if the Protocol had entered into force in 2009. And this cost is estimated to be around 13.6 - 63.9 billion won in 2015. All ABS costs account only about less than 0.01% of total Korean bioindustry volume of target years. These show us that joining the Protocol will not significantly impact the bioindustry market in Korea. If the Protocol enters into force, genetic resources users have to pay PIC (Prior Informed Consent) and MAT (Mutually Agreed Terms) cost before accessing the genetic resources outside of their country, regardless of the accession status of the country. This ABS costs and terms on provided genetic resources will be determined by compliance between genetic resources users and providers. As a genetic resources provider, Korean bioindustry companies will have advantage over technology transfer agreements, royalties, licensing agreements, and taxes on profits from patents including traditional knowledge. Also, Korean bioindustry companies are expected to get various socio-economic benefits such as patent litigation and regulatory proceedings as a genetic resources provider. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the Protocol that Korean bioindustry companies will face together, the socio-economic impact of the Nagoya Protocol on Korean bioindustry companies is negligible regardless of the accession status of Korea to the Nagoya Protocol.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.303-311
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• 2020

The acreage of tangerines in the U.S. sharply rose from 19,000 ha in 2009 to 27,000 ha in 2016, an increase of 42% in 7 years. Considering the recent surge in tangerine exports to Japan, the export volume of 6-7 thousand tons is highly likely to increase in the future. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the economic impact of U.S. tangerine imports on the Korean citrus industry under various scenarios. In order to examine the possibility of imports of U.S. tangerines, the unit price of U.S. exports to Japan was used since U.S. tangerines are not imported to South Korea. Citrus fruits are divided into field citrus, house citrus, and late-maturing citrus (including winter season citrus) based on the cultivation method and variety used to analyze. Considering both the field and house seasons, the import volume of U.S. tangerines can be expected to rise from roughly 4,700 tons in 2021 to 10,000 tons in 2027. Imports of U.S. tangerines may be pushed up or delayed depending not only on the harvest method and quality of domestic field and house citrus but also on the harvest of U.S. tangerines. However, it is necessary to note that tangerines could be imported after 2021, when the tariff rate on U.S. tangerines will fall below 50%.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.297-309
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• 2022

Taking into account the globalization of the economy and the intensification of European integration processes, it has been proved that an important part of evaluating the effectiveness of activity of public sector enterprises should be a comparative analysis of the overall operation environment, namely public procurement, economic environment and tax policy, with the relevant systems of other countries of the world. The indicators and components of international ratings "Doing Business", "Paying Taxes", "Benchmarking Public Procurement" have been studied. Different groups of indicators forming "Doing Business" and "Paying Taxes" in the context of the impact on public sector enterprises have been identified: those which fully comply with the need to evaluate the operating environment of public sector enterprises and those which should be used with restrictions, regarding the peculiarities of creating and functioning of public sector enterprises. A comparative analysis of the place of Ukraine, Lithuania and Slovenia among other countries of the world in accordance with the international rankings of "Doing Business", "Paying Taxes", "Benchmarking Public Procurement" have been made. It has been substantiated that the results of such comparative analysis will allow identifying risk areas, and relevant information can be used in developing of recommendations for improving the effectiveness of activity of public sector enterprises.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.36-54
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• 2020

This study empirically analyzes the impact of digital divide between digital device usage motivation and operational skills on online political participation. The analysis was performed using the National Information Society Agency's 2018 digital divide survey data from September to December 2018 and applying the Heckman selection model to control the sample selection bias that may occur between internet users and non-users. The result shows the gap in motivation and device operational skills of individual citizens using digital devices has significant impact on online political participation. In socio-economic terms, it shows the age, education level and regional factors also have significant impact on online political participation, while gender and income levels do not. This study holds significance in that there are different patterns of digital divide between digital devices, identifying the motivation to use a digital device as an important factor for mobile device users, and the device operational skills, for personal computer users.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.615-625
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• 2011

As United Nation (UN) declared 2010 to be the International Year of Biodiversity, the biodiversity issue has gained much attention since the issue of climate changes. Also, related researches for protecting and conserving the biodiversity are accompanied in the world. In this study, National Ecology Information is obtained from Ministry of Environment and Korea Forest Service and is utilized to valuate biodiversity and ecosystem services in Pyeongchang, Kangwon-do in Korea. For this, they are categorized into direct- or indirect-use value and nonuse value. Research results show that the biodiversity and ecosystem services in Pyeongchang are assessed as 2 trillion and 460 billion won. From this research, we evaluate the economic value of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and also suggest the possibility to utilize them as basic information for a decision making to establish the biodiversity protection plan.