• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2019

The fragments of a wall painting excavated from among the historical remains of Jeseoksa Temple in Iksan. The extent of the damage to the fragments was examined and an analysis of the components of the pigment was conducted. The results of the component analysis of the pigment confirmed that the white pigment consisted of alkali feldspar and mullite. Although the results of the visual inspection revealed differences in color in the red and black pigments, the main component of the two colors was confirmed to be iron oxide. Red and black pigments are found at the same position. Although differences of color is obvious, those are identified as hematite and magnetite of oxidized steel's affiliation. It is judged that Differences of ingredients happened by external environment's factors.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.191-208
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• 2024

This paper proposes the presence and importance of cultural differences to address user engagement in worldwide social media platforms. Based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions, this paper addresses their new meanings in the context of user engagement in social media. Our propositions address two research questions: (1) how do cultural dimensions, displayed on social media platforms, differ across national cultures?; (2) what different preferences the social media platforms have in terms of which cultural dimensions promote or suppress user engagement? User engagement in social media platforms is explained by the cultural differences in terms of the four cultural dimensions: individualism vs. collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and masculinity vs. femininity. Implications are also discussed for research and practice.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

현대기업경영에서 ERP 시스템은 기업의 전사적인 자원을 효율적으로 배치하고, 활용하는데 있어서 필수적인 도구로 자리매김하고 있다. ERP 시스템의 구현은 단순히 단위정보시스템의 도입이 아니라, BPR을 통한 전사적인 변화와 혁신이 필연적으로 이루어지게 되며, 이를 토대로 시스템 설계와 구축이 이루어지게 된다. 문화적 차이는 경영활동에서 기업 구성원의 태도와 인간관계 뿐 아니라, 조직문화와 기업의 운영원칙의 차이를 만들어낸다. 문화적 차이는 크게는 동양과 서양의 문화권에 대한 차이를 거론할 수 있으며, 작게는 같은 문화권 내의 각 국가마다의 차이를 말할 수 있다. 본 논문은 문화적 차이가 ERP 시스템의 구축과정과 시스템에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 이에 대해 ERP 시스템의 구축과정과 의사결정과정, 사용자 Interface에 대한 부분에서 문화적 차이가 미치는 각각의 영향을 분석했으며, 아울러 이에 따른 한국의 문화적 차이에 따른 영향도 분석하였다.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-64
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• 2006

This study empirically investigated cultural differences in the amount of information provided by management accounting information systems as well as the differences in organizational performance according to variations in the amount of information. Through cluster analysis, we classified sample firms into five organizational cultural types: Semi-innovative, innovative, bureaucratic, semi-bureaucratic and supportive. The results showed that in the semi-innovative firms, a greater amount of the traditional and advanced types of information is produced, while in bureaucratic firms, traditional information is much more provided than in the innovative, semi-bureaucratic and supportive firms. These results confirmed cultural differences in the amount of information produced. According to the results of this study, it was found that in organizational performance, the rankings of semi-innovative firms, which have the highest scores in the amount of information, are also the highest, and the performance scores in innovative firms are generally next to those of semi-innovative firms. Hence, it is concluded that there are cultural differences in the amount of information provided, and these differences affect organizational performance.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영정보학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.371-376
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• 2008

As the e-business developed fast and more firms embrace CRM as a core e-business strategy, it is getting more important to assess the firms. The CRM is approaching customer-centric. This approach focuses on the long-term relationship with the customers by providing the benefits of the customer rather than based on what the company wants to sell. How to establish the overall efficiency and effectiveness of a global enterprise becomes more and more important to the E-business. The study investigates the cross-national psychometric prosperities of the establishment in the E-business. Using a cross-national survey of customers from Korea and China to compare the Korean customers' acceptance of e-business with the Chinese customers', and compare the development of e-business in Korea with the development in China it will be found that Korea and China samples shared a somewhat similar factor structure. And there are also some differences between Korea and China. These findings suggest that the way to establish the e-business strategy is influenced by the cultural effects. So focusing on the cultural differences among the countries becomes more and more important, this study will help to analysis how to use the different cultural dimension to establish the better CRM system in the e-business field.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

This study empirically investigated cultural differences in the amount of information provided by managerial accounting information systems as well as the differences in organizational performance according to variations in the amount of information. Through cluster analysis, I classified sample firms into five organizational cultural types: Semi-innovative, innovative, bureaucratic, semi-bureaucratic and supportive. The results showed that in the semi-innovative firms, a greater amount of the traditional and advanced types of information is produced, while in bureaucratic firms, traditional information is much more provided than in the innovative, semi-bureaucratic and supportive firms. These results confirmed cultural differences in the amount of information produced. According to the results of this study, it was found that in organizational performance, the rankings of semi-innovative firms, which have the highest scores in the amount of information, are also the highest, and the performance scores in innovative firms are generally next to those of semi-innovative firms. Hence it is concluded that there are cultural differences in the amount of information provided and theses differences affect organizational performance

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.46-57
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• 2021

Purpose - In terms of human resource management, many Korean enterprises in China have experienced problems such as frequent resignations of Chinese employees and labor disputes. This can be mainly attributed to the fact that Chinese employees are not consistent with Korean vertical management methods, which is closely related to the national culture theory proposed by Hofstede, specifically the dimension of power distance and long- versus short-term orientation (LTO). Therefore, this research aims to investigate cultural differences between Korea and China from these two dimensions, and the impact on the human resource management of Korean-invested enterprises in China. Design/methodology - This research first utilizes the latest data (Wave 7) of the World Values Survey (WVS) to verify the difference in power distance and long- versus short-term orientation between Korean and Chinese cultures using responses from Korea and China, and then uses case analysis to analyze the impact of this cultural difference on the human resource management of Korean enterprises in China. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows. Korea and China have significant differences in power distance and long- versus short-term orientation. In terms of power distance, Korean respondents show higher power distance compared to Chinese respondents. In the dimension of long- versus short-term orientation, it was found that Chinese respondents showed a shorter-term orientation, whereas Korean respondents showed a longer-term orientation. Originality/value - Previous studies put focus on the power distance and individualism-collectivism dimensions to explain cultural differences between Korea and China, and generated contradictory results. This research further confirms the cultural differences between Korea and China from the dimensions of power distance and long-versus short-term orientation using secondary data. The comparative studies from this perspective have long been underexplored and lack empirical confirmation.

• 정보기술응용연구
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• 제1권
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• pp.153-170
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• 1999

Business organizations suffer from transferring information technology(IT) into practice. If the problem is solely an technical issue, the strategy to solve the problem is assumed to be identical regardless of the cultural differences of the organizations. Many studies, however, indicated that the cultural differences between organizations were attributed to the differences of championing behaviors in the organizations. The study develops the cultural model of IT transfer from well developed countries to the less developed countries. It is assumed that the outcomes of IT systems are affected by the cultural sets, technology acculturation, and national technology infrastructure. This study examines the effects of cultural sets and technology acculturation on the outcome of IT systems, however. The analysis results show that technological acculturation has strong relationship with the individual IT outcomes and the cultural sets. The cultural sets, however, did not show any significant relation with the individual IT outcomes in the context of the structural model even though the correlation between the cultural sets and the IT outcomes were relatively high. Thus, kit is considered that the interaction between the technological acculturation and the cultural sets might interfere the relations.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2011

Our work empirically investigates the cultural differences of Social Networking Service (SNS) users in China, Korea and U.S. We construct a survey questionnaire from existing literature and test it for reliability, validity, and model fit. Then we collect data and validate the cultural differences of SNS users in three nations. Our results show different rankings from existing literature in cultural dimensions about three nations. In terms of masculinity, we find China > U.S. > Korea, similar to Hofstede. In individualism, we find U.S. > Korea > China, different from Hofstede (U.S. > China > Korea). In power distance, it is shown that Korea > China > U.S., different from Hofstede (China > Korea > U.S.). Uncertainty avoidance is found that U.S. > Korea > China, lowered ranking of Korea from the top among three nations in Hofstede. We find that these outcomes would be useful in updating national culture of the three nations and for future research about cultural impacts on SNS adoption.

• 의료커뮤니케이션
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2018

Background: This study was to analyze gender differences in health status, health behaviors and disease prevalence of multi-cultural family in order to contribute to health promotion of them. Methods: This study used raw data from the Korea Community Health Survey(KCHS) which was performed in 2015. Among them, 3,045 multi-cultural family members were included in this study. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 for descriptive statistics, t test, Chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: According to gender, depression and subjective health were different in health status. High risk drinking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, arthritis, and obesity prevalence rate were higher in males than females significantly(p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the study results, it is necessary to establish a public health care program to improve health and welfare of multi-cultural families.