• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.497-515
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• 2009

Culture as a source of identity, as Edward Said says, can be a battleground on which various political and ideological causes engage one another. It is not mere individual cultivation or private possession, but a program for social cohesion. Sensitively aware that a national culture should be independent from Europe, Walt Whitman enacts a new form of literature by placing different cultural values against Old World tradition. His interest in autochthonous culture originates from his deep concern about national consciousness. He believes that literary taste directed toward highly-ornamented elite culture is an obstacle to cultural unification of a nation. In order to represent American culture of the common people, Whitman incorporates a lot of cultural material into his poetry. Since he believes that America has many respectable writers at home, he urges people to adjust to their own taste instead of running after foreign authors. Whitman differentiated his poetry from previous literary models by disrupting the established literary norms and reconfiguring cultural values on the basis of American ways of life. In his comment on other poets, he concentrates on the originality and nativity of poetry. By claiming that words have characteristics of nativity, independence, and individuality, he envisions American literature to be distinguished from British literature in literary materials as well as in language. Whitman s language is composed of a vast number of words that can fully portray the nation. He works over language materials in two ways: reterritorialization and deterritorialization. Not only does his literary language become subversive of the established literary language, but also makes it possible to express strength and intensity in feeling.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2015

For effective science learning, teachers need to rearrange scientific language so that students can understand the contents with their incomplete language resources. Interlanguage is the interplay between everyday language and scientific language. The purpose of the study was to analyze the patterns of interlanguage during 4th grade science class to learn "Heat and Temperature" and to find the features of meaning sharing inside classroom in which a teacher and students participated. The data analysis shows that elementary students' interlanguage has different features compared to scientific language that involves passive voice and content-specialized nouns. Students' interlanguage implied the quality of class community's knowledge-sharing, according to the degree of how students can connect scientific language and everyday language in more effective ways. The implication to elementary science education was discussed.

• Language and Information
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-62
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• 2011

TimeML is a markup language for events and temporal expressions in natural language, proposed in Pustejovsky et al. (2003) and latter standardized as ISO-TimeML (ISO 24617-1:2009). In this paper, we propose the further specification of ISO-TimeML for the Korean language with the concrete and thorough examination of real world texts. Since Korean differs significantly from English, which is the first and almost only extensively tested language with TimeML, one continuously run into theoretical and practical difficulties in the application of TimeML to Korean. We focus on the discussion for the consistent and efficient application of TimeML: how to consistently apply TimeML in accordance with Korean specificity and what to be annotated and what not to be, i.e. which information is meaningful in the temporal interpretation of Korean text, for efficient application of TimeML.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2013

Objectives : In many cases, patient's symptoms have been recorded on EMR in natural language instead of medical terminologies. It is possible to build a database by analyzing the symptoms of Korean Medicine(KM) that indicates patient's symptoms in natural language. Using the database, when doctors record patient's symptoms on EMR in natural language, conversely it'll be also possible to extract the symptoms of KM from those natural language. The database will enhance the value of EMR as a medical data. Methods : In this study, we aimed to make data structure of the terminologies that represent the symptoms of KM. The data structure is combinations of smallest unit in natural language. We made the database by analyzing morpheme of the natural language to express the symptoms of KM. Results & Conclusions : By classifying the natural language in 15 features, we made the structure of concept and the data available for morphological analysis.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.79
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• pp.145-169
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to review critically the validity and relevance of the pan-national language culture improvement movement, Annyeong! Urimal(Hello! Our Language) implemented for the last three years as part of the government-driven projects, and to seek for improvement direction or fundamental reorientation of this movement. In order to accomplish this purpose, this paper firstly points out abstract and conventional aspects of the diagnosis for background and the purpose of projects, and suggests that this movement focuses on verbal abuse rather than language destruction and pays attention to positive aspects of newly rising language use. Then, with reference to main agent, this paper argues that the government must lead actively formation of voluntary nongovernmental agent with indirect financial and institutional support. Thirdly, it is suggested that public language should be the top priority target sphere and the language used by the leaders of society and the older generation should be also included in the target spheres of this movement. Finally, this paper indicates that enlightenment/public relation projects end often in one time events, imposing unilaterally the normative contents, and also emphasizes the importance of survey/research projects and deliberation/evaluation projects.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.164-164
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• 2017

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.219-223
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• 2009

Objective : Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is frequently used to localize language areas in a non-invasive manner. Various paradigms for presurgical localization of language areas have been developed, but a systematic quantitative evaluation of the efficiency of those paradigms has not been performed. In the present study, the authors analyzed different language paradigms to see which paradigm is most efficient in localizing frontal language areas. Methods : Five men and five women with no neurological deficits participated (mean age, 24 years) in this study. All volunteers were right-handed. Each subject performed 4 tasks, including fixation (Fix), sentence reading (SRI. pseudoword reading (PR), and word generation (WG). Fixation and pseudoword reading were used as contrasts. The functional area was defined as the area(s) with a t-value of more than 3.92 in fMRI with different tasks. To apply an anatomical constraint, we used a brain atlas mapping system, which is available in AFNI, to define the anatomical frontal language area. The numbers of voxels in overlapped area between anatomical and functional area were individually counted in the frontal expressive language area. Results : Of the various combinations, the word generation task was most effective in delineating the frontal expressive language area when fixation was used as a contrast (p<0.05). The sensitivity of this test for localizing Broca's area was 81 % and specificity was 70%. Conclusion : Word generation versus fixation could effectively and reliably delineate the frontal language area. A customized effective paradigm should be analyzed in order to evaluate various language functions.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.415-418
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• 2019

기계독해 모델에 새로운 도메인을 적용하기 위해서는 도메인에 맞는 데이터가 필요하다. 그러나 추가 데이터 구축은 많은 비용이 발생한다. 사람이 직접 구축한 데이터 없이 적용하기 위해서는 자동 추가 데이터 확보, 도메인 적응의 문제를 해결해야한다. 추가 데이터 확보의 경우 번역, 질의 생성의 방법으로 연구가 진행되었다. 그러나 도메인 적응을 위해서는 새로운 정답 유형에 대한 질의가 필요하며 이를 위해서는 정답 후보 추출, 추출된 정답 후보로 질의를 생성해야한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 듀얼 포인터 네트워크 기반 정답 후보 추출 모델로 정답 후보를 추출하고, 포인터 제너레이터 기반 질의 생성 모델로 새로운 데이터를 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 실험 결과 추가 데이터 확보의 경우 KorQuAD, 경제, 금융 도메인의 데이터에서 모두 성능 향상을 보였으며, 도메인 적응 실험에서도 새로운 도메인의 문맥만을 이용해 데이터를 생성했을 때 기존 도메인과 다른 도메인에서 모두 기계독해 성능 향상을 보였다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.63-70
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• 2022

At the present stage, the main directions of the professional position of a specialist in the implementation of English-language Education are to improve and spread the practice of learning languages throughout a person's life by involving information, communication and digital technologies in the educational process. Computerization of the educational process in Higher Education Institutions is considered as one of the first and most promising areas for improving the quality of education in Higher Education Institutions. The necessity of ensuring timely training and retraining of specialists of various profiles (in particular teachers) on the effective use of domestic and foreign electronic resources with the help of modern information technologies for the implementation of the professional position of a future specialist in a foreign-language environment is noted. The main goal of teaching a foreign language (the formation of students' communicative competence, which means mastering the language as a means of intercultural communication) is defined. The types of speech activity that cover the content of teaching a foreign language are highlighted. The main types of assessment in a foreign language are shown - current (non-classroom), thematic, semester, annual assessment and final state certification. The task of the teacher is drawn, which is to create conditions for practical language acquisition for each student, to choose such teaching methods by means of information technologies that would allow each student to show their activity, their creativity; to activate the cognitive activity of the student in the process of learning a foreign language.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.678-681
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• 2018

Dependency parsing is an important task in natural language processing whose results are used in many downstream tasks such as machine translation, information retrieval, relation extraction, question answering and many others. Most of the dependency parsing literature focuses on using end-to-end and sequence-to-sequence neural architectures as the core of the system. One such system, namely Biaffine dependency parser is explored in the current paper for effective dependency parsing of Korean language.