• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of 12 weeks of Tai Chi exercise on physical function, stress and depression in middle aged women with osteoarthritis. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Forty two participants were assigned to either the experimental group (21) or control group (21). Frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviations, $X^2$-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and repeated measured ANOVA with SPSS 12.0/PC program were used to analyzed the collected data. Results: For physical function the physical fitness of the experimental group improved significantly more than the control group: Leg strength, balance, flexibility and grip strength. Difficulty of performing activity had a tendency of decrease. Stress showed a tendency of as time passed but the decrease was not significant. Depression decreased and the change was significant. Conclusion: The Tai Chi exercise was effective in improving physical function and reducing the stress and depression of middle aged women with osteoarthritis. Therefore the Tai Chi exercise could be used as a nursing intervention for osteoarthritis in middle aged women.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.43 no.6 s.312
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• pp.16-26
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a 3D shape restoration system which measures height and surface shape of transparent ITO glass and delivers errors in focal length and incident angle of laser beam to femto-second laser micromachining. The proposed system is composed of a line scan laser, a high resolution camera, a linear motion guide synchronized to image capturing, and a control station. Also, we define the sensitivity indices that represent a relation between measurement error and a position of a camera and scan laser, and utilize it for optimum design. The results of the proposed system are compared with results of SPM(Scanning Probe Microscope) and prove the usefulness of the system.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2019

In order to increase the seismic safety of nuclear power plant (NPP) structures, a technique to reduce the seismic load transmitted to the NPP structure by using a seismic isolation device such as a lead-rubber bearing has recently been actively researched. In seismic design of NPP structures, three directional (two horizontal and one vertical directions) artificial synthetic earthquakes (G0 group) corresponding to the standard design spectrum are generally used. In this study, seismic analysis was performed by using three directional artificial synthetic earthquakes (M0 group) corresponding to the maximum-minimum spectrum reflecting uncertainty of incident direction of earthquake load. The design basis earthquake (DBE) and the beyond design basis earthquakes (BDBEs are equal to 150%, 167%, and 200% DBE) of G0 and M0 earthquake groups were respectively generated for 30 sets and used for the seismic analysis. The purpose of this study is to compare seismic responses and seismic fragility curves of seismically isolated NPP structures subjected to DBE and BDBE. From the seismic fragility curves, the probability of failure of the seismic isolation system when the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is 0.5 g is about 5% for the M0 earthquake group and about 3% for the G0 earthquake group.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.265-275
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• 2010

In this work, reliable methodology for device design is presented. Based on this method, the underlap length has been optimized for minimizing the gateinduced drain leakage (GIDL) in a 22-nm node 4-terminal (4-T) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) fin-shaped field effect transistor (FinFET) by TCAD simulation. In order to examine the effects of underlap length on GIDL more realistically, doping profile of the source and drain (S/D) junctions, carrier lifetimes, and the parameters for a band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) model have been experimentally extracted from the devices of 90-nm channel length as well as pnjunction test element groups (TEGs). It was confirmed that the underlap length should be near 15 nm to suppress GIDL effectively for reliable low standby power (LSTP) operation.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify effectiveness of a BeHaS exercise program in breast cancer survivors. The subjects of breast cancer survivors participating in this research were selected from C National University Hospital. Methods: This study used non equivalent control group non-synchronized design with an experimental group (n=27) and a control group (n=31). The BeHaS exercise program consisted of theme activity, education, group support and exercise. The experimental group participated in session twice a week for ten weeks. Grip strength, perceived stress, cortisol, and self-esteem were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: After the program, the grip strength and self-esteem of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The perceived stress of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that BeHaS exercise program played a useful role in improving breast cancer survivor's physical and psychological problem.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is intended to evaluate the effectiveness and analyse the change on balance, gait and ADL of the stroke patient by obstacle gait training. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Ten subjects with stroke patient are recruited from C rehablitation hospital located Chungbuck. The subjects which are divided to 2 group as experimental group (N=5) conducted the obstacle gait training and control group (N=5) conducted the general gait training. The gait (10mWT), balance (BBS) and ADL (FIM) were measured before and after intervention. Results: There were no significant differences (p>.05) in sex, age, height, weight and K-MMSE among subjects. There were significant differences (p<.05) in balance and gait between of the experimental group and control group. But there was no significant difference (p>.05) in the ADL between of the experimental group and control group. There were significant differences (p<.05) gait and balance in the experimental group. But there were no significant difference (p>.05) gait, balance and ADL in the control group. Conclusion: Obstacle gait training showed positive effects on the gait, balance of the stroke patient.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

This paper presents a conceptual design approach of air-cored synchronous machine with high temperature superconductor (HTS) field winding. With a given configuration of a target machine, boundary conditions are set in the cylindrical coordinate system and analytic field calculation is performed by solving a governing equation. To set proper boundary conditions, current distributions of the field winding and the armature winding are expressed by the Fourier expansion. Based on analytic magnetic field calculation results, key machine parameters are calculated: 1) inductance, 2) critical current of field winding, 3) weight, 4) HTS conductor consumption, and 5) efficiency. To investigate all potential design options, 6 sweeping parameters are determined to characterize the geometry of the machine and the parameter calculation process is performed for each design options. Among design options satisfying constraints including >80 % critical current margin and >95 % efficiency, in this paper, a first-cut design was selected in terms of overall machine weight and HTS conductor consumption to obtain a lightweight and economical design. The goal is to design a 5-MW machine by referring to the same capacity machine that was previously constructed by another group. Our design output is compared with finite element method (FEM) simulation to validate our design approach.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.373-384
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of refrigerant heat exchanger on the performance of type II absorption heat pump performance using numerical analysis. Two heat exchange installation methods were used: solution to refrigerant and waste hot water to refrigerant. These methods were compared to the standard model of hot water flow without using refrigerant heat exchanger. When waste hot waters were bypassed to refrigerant heat exchanger, COP was not affected. However, steam mass generation rates were increased compared to those of the standard model. When solutions were bypassed to the refrigerant heat exchanger, results were different depending on the place where the solution rejoined. COP and steam mass generation rates were lower compared to those when waste heat water was passed to refrigerant heat exchanger. Thus, it is possible to obtain higher steam mass generation rates by using waste water and installing refrigerant heat exchanger.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 2006

Recirculation for the unreacted fuel is necessary to improve the overall efficiency of the fuel cell system and to prevent fuel starvation since the fuel cell for a vehicle application is a closed system. In case of the automotive fuel cell, the ejector which does not require any parasitic power is good for the performance improvement and easy operation. It is essential to design the customized ejector due to the lack of the commercial ejector corresponding to the operating conditions of the fuel cell systems. In this study, the design methodology for the ejector customized to an automotive fuel cell is proposed. The model based sensitivity analysis prevents the time-consuming redesign and reduces the cost of developing ejector. As a result, the customized ejector to meet the desired performance within overall operating range has developed for the PEMFC automotive system.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.15-31
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sociocultural attitudes toward appearance on male consumers' apparel buying behavior and appearance management behavior. The subjects were 353 males aged from 40 to 59 years old. The research method was a survey and the questionnaire consisted of sociocultural attitude toward appearance items, apparel buying behaviors items, appearance management behaviors items, and subjects' demographic characteristics items. The data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, cluster analysis, multiple response analysis, ${\chi}2$ test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results were as follows. Three dimensions (appearance importance awareness, slimness importance awareness, internalization) were emerged on sociocultural attitude toward appearance, and subjects were divided into 4 groups(receptive, unreceptive, awareness, and internalized group) by this variable. The 4 groups by sociocultural attitude toward appearance showed many differences on apparel buying behaviors and appearance management behaviors. Receptive and internalized group more importantly regarded fashion trend and store display as apparel buying motives, design and trend as selection criteria, and did shopping to buy clothes more often than awareness and unreceptive group. Receptive and internalized group recognized higher the need for various appearance management behaviors and spent more expense to enhance their appearance than other groups.