• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.185-197
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• 2002

Today, the basic problem of functional safe management of Korean Disaster Control system was separately administrated 33 acts that are relating to safe management in 13 ministries. Because of the facts that the fire service is not provided practically, the control system and risk management for safe administration are not operated, the information can not be shared with each other, and the various laws have the lacks of linkage, the National Safe System was appeared unsteady. The roles and functions of fire service have started with restriction to operate structurally and institutionally, which operational structure of fire service is becoming weak. As a result, the federal and local fire organizations have not reached yet to the institutionalization and the local fire service agencies have bias with the task regarding the fire service because of the relation between organizational structure and the local fire agency. With the enforcement of the federal and local fire system, professionality and autonomy for making policy, and dealing with changes of fire service positively, the national fire service on the policy performance can be established. Promotion of research and development and education training to strengthen innovation in technology and competition in fire industry will contribute to the firmly establishment of control system to prevent from fire, flood, terror and national disaster. This article proposed that (a) the established law and administration, agency are required efforts to effectively operate fire service system; (b) the national fire service agency, national college of fire, national institute of science fire, and national fire service hospital should be early established to make firmly policy to operate effectively and practically. These kinds of innovational acts are known the best ways of operating solid policy of national fire service system.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2017

This study investigates fire-retardant performances and combustion/thermal characteristics of fire-retardant treated wood by comparing them with those of fire-retardant untreated wood from the expreimental resutls of cone calorimeter and thermo-gravimetric(TG) analyzer. Hazardousness of combustion product gases for fire-retardant treated wood and untreasted wood were also observed from the results of internal finish material incombustibility test according to the Korea standard code of KS F 2271. In this study, we also tried to improve the fire retardant performance of wood by applying fire-retardant chemical composites, and to secure the fire safety performance in buildings. Red pine (Pinus densiflora) was selected as a test specimen because it is mostly used as a building material in Korea. Fire retardant chemical composites (FRCs) were prepared by mixing boron, phosphorous, and nitrogen species and treated by press-impregnation method. Water-based FRCs were composed of 3% boric acid($H_3BO_3$), 3% borax decahydrate($Na_2B_4O_7$), 8% ammonium carbonate($(NH_4)_2CO_3$), diammonium phosphate ($(NH_4)_2HPO_4$) varied from 10-30% and potassium carbonate($K_2CO_3$) varied from 10-30%. From the test results of cone calorimeter, TG analysis and gas hazard assessments, newly proposed were the optimal composition and production methods of FRCs which can sufficiently meet fire-retardant level 3 based on Korea law of construction. Thus, the FRCs, developed in this study, are anticipated to contribute to the improvement of fire safety and widespread of usage in wood as building materials.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2007

This survey was carried out to investigate the utilization situation of fire-wood boiler by the questionnaire and personal interview on rural and mountain households of Gangwon province from 1998 to 2005. The questionnaire include 7 questions on installation, 7 questions on fuel, 3 questions on use, and 3 questions on improvement. Each question was analyzed by percentage to investigate the use situation. This survey indicated that the general problems in use of fire-wood boiler are fuel purchase, collection and transportation, that the development of the household heating boiler using wood-based forming fuel which is cheap, small volume, easy handling, convenient purchase and high heat efficiency could be an alternative to improve the problems and that the continuous expansion of the supply of fire-wood boiler can prevent the devastation of forest through the regulation of imprudent fuel supply. Although the financial aid plan on the installation of fire-wood boiler is in active, many petty households in rural and mountain areas lose a chance to install the fire-wood boiler due to the unsatisfactory information. Thus, it will be desirable for municipal government to prepare the information plan to offer the equal chance and condition to all households in rural and mountain areas and to increase the financial aid for the continuous supply of fire-wood boiler.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the fire retardant performance of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) applied for particleboard. This work measured heat release rate(HRR), total heat release(THR) and smoke production rate(SPR) of xGnP added particleboard, using cone calorimeter to assess its fire characteristics according to the KS F ISO 5660-1 standard code. Heat release rates of all specimens treated by xGnP were less than the $200kW/m^2$ for a total experiment period of five minutes. Heat release rates of the specimens coated with xGnP were lower than those of the specimens made by mixing wood particles with xGnP directly. Meanwhile, the total heat release rates of xGnP coated specimen maintained quite lower level than the uncoated so the xGnP coating were effective in improving the fire retardant performance of particleboard. However, the smoke emission peaking problem at the initial combustion period, which was caused by adding base coating materials, should be resolved for further satisfaction as a fire retardant materials.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

In this study, we measured that fire characteristics of four wood species using indoor finish materials. Wooden specimens were treated with fire retardant chemicals such as diammonium phosphate and potassium carbonate. The wooden specimens are Larix kaempferi, Pinus koraiensis, Cryptomeria japonica, and Chamaecyparis obtusa, which are used for indoor finish. The heat release rate (HRR) values of fire retardant treated woods were confirmed lower than that of untreated woods. For specific details, the HRR values of vacuum impregnated specimens for Pinus koraiensis and Cryptomeria japonica were measured lower than coatings. However, those of Larix kaempferi and Chamaecyparis obtusa showed the opposite effect to it. Total heat release rate values of all wooden specimens, vacuum impregnated were lower than coated specimens.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2011

Steel columns used in steel buildings are inclined to lose their strength when exposed to severe fire conditions, so fire resistance is required in most countries to protect against loss of life and building collapses. In Korea, the fire resistance of columns can be obtained by the fire test defined in KS F 2257-1, 7. The fire resistance of a steel column should be evaluated in terms of the column's conditions, such as various section types (H-section, hollow-section), the column's length and boundary conditions, and whether it is fixed or hinged. However, fire testing of steel columns is usually conducted on one standard-sized H-section over 3,000 mm, and the result is used as the column's fire resistance. This is not a reasonable way to ensure that a building can withstand fire conditions. In this study, to evaluate the possibility of calculating the fire resistance of steel columns with material properties of high tensile strength of SS 400, both load-bearing fire tests and calculation of steel temperatures were carried out. The results of temperature calculation were very similar to those obtained by fire test.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2016

Because National Fire Safety Codes is mixed performance criteria and specification, and it defines the fire extinguish equipment type and standards that need to be installed in a building as one method. Therefore, to fully reflect the fire risk characteristics of the building, such as the wooden building there is a limit. In this study, suggested to the performance criteria drawn methodologies through fire load of wooden buildings studies, theory on performance and performance analysis to fire extinguish equipment of the wooden buildings is installed according to current fire safety codes.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제68권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1985

황폐(荒廢)가 극심(極深)한 암석산지(岩石山地)인 관악산(冠岳山)에서 발생(發生)한 지표화(地表火)가 삼림식생(森林植生) 및 토양(土壤)에 미치는 초기영향(初期影響)을 조사(調査), 보고(報告)한데 이어서 2년(年)째의 결과(結果)와 몇 수종(樹種)의 내화성(耐火性)에 대해 연구(硏究)가 실시(實施)되었다. 토양수분함량(土壤水分含量), 유기물함량(有機物含量) 및 치환성염기(置換性鹽基)를 비롯한 대부분(大部分)의 토양양료(土壤養料)는 산불발생직후(發生直後) 일시적(一時的) 증가(增加)를 보이다가 감소(減少)하여 일년(一年)이 경과(經過)한 후(後)에는 큰 변화(變化)를 보이지 않았다. 하층토(下層土)의 pH는 산불발생(發生) 1년후(年後)에도 계속적(繼續的)인 증가경향(增加傾向)을 보이나 유효인산(有効燐酸)은 반대로 감소(減少)하여 산불이 발생(發生)하지 않은 임지(林地)와 비슷한 상태(狀態)에 도달하였다. 수관(樹冠)의 산불에 대한 내화력(耐火力)은 싸리류(類), 병꽃나무류(類)가 가장 약(弱)하나 재생력(再生力)은 크며 진달래류(類)는 내화력(耐火力), 재생력(再生力) 모두 큰 것으로 나타났다. 산불발생(發生) 후(後) 2년간(年間)의 계속적(繼續的)인 식생조사(植生調査)에 의해 Increasers, Decreasers, Invaders 및 Neutral species의 보다 정확(正確)한 구분(區分)이 가능(可能)하였으며, 군락간(群落間)의 유사성(類似性)을 비교(比較)한 결과(結果), 산불발생지(發生地)의 식생구성(植生構成)이 시간(時間)이 경과(經過)함에 따라 원상태(原狀態)로 서서히 회복(回復)됨을 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2004

내화 성능은 표준 화염 조건에 노출된 목구조물의 안전성 평가를 위한 중요한 기준이 된다. 내화 성능의 기준으로 여러 나라에서 지속 시간과 파괴 시까지의 시간이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 화염에 대한 신뢰성 설계의 기초 연구로서 화염에 노출된 목재 마루 시스템의 신뢰성 해석이 진행되었다. 해석은 수치 해석적 방법과 결정론적 방법 두 가지를 모두 사용하였다. 두 방법 간에는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 화염에 노출된 마루시스템의 신뢰도는 부재의 변이계수에 크게 의존하였으며 부재의 강도나 하중은 신뢰도에 크게 영향하지 않았다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2014

In this paper, fire resistance test was carried out to obtain class H-120 thermal insulation of fire dampers according to a hydrocarbon fire conditions. Specimens were fabricated three different types according to the change of the insulation system applied to damper blade and coaming which were measured surface temperature by performing the fire resistance test. As a test result, specimen-1, 2 of an uninsulated damper blade were exceeded thermal insulation acceptance criteria at 21 minutes, 46 minutes respectively, but specimen-3 of an insulated damper blade was satisfied thermal insulation acceptance criteria during 120 minutes. The test results showed that the insulation of the damper blade was an important factor in the fireproof performance of fire dampers concerning the coaming length minimum 500 mm on the unexposed side as specified test standard.