• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.137-140
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• 1983

A rapid, high yield of N-norapomorphine from apomorphine was accomplished by allowing it to react with phenyl chloroformate without isolating and purifying the intermediate carbamate, and have found that the crude carbamate can be easily cleaved in situ with a 1:1 mixture of 64% and 95% hydrazine to afford analytically pure N-norapomorphine in 81% overall yields. Previously, various other methods gave an untoward ring opening reactions and scission of the hydropyridine ring in the apomorphine series.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1983

Cholesteryl p-[3-(2-chloroethyl_-3-nitrosoureido] phenylthioaccetate (2) was synthesized : an intermediate, p-[3(2-chloroethyl_-3-nitrosoureido] phenylthioacetic acid (1) is a congener of an antitumor chlorambucil which both the -CH$_{2}$CH$_{2}$-linkage and -N(CH$_{2}$CH$_{2}$Cl)$_{2}$ group of chlorambucil molecule is doubly modified into the respective -S-linkage and -NH-CO-NNO-CH$_{2}$CH$_{2}$CL group. The attackment of cholesterol moiety as a carrier group to p-[3-(2-chloroethyl-3nitrosoureido] phenylthioacetic acid was accomplished through the esterification of cholesterol with p-[3-(2-chloroethyl-3-nitrosoureido] phenylthioacetyl chloride which was obtained from the treatment of p-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourei-do] phenylthioaceticacid with SOCL$_{2}$, p-[3-(2-chloroethyl)ureido]]-phenythioacetic acid was nitrosated with NaNO$_{2}$ IN 98-100% HCOOH to give exclusively p-[3-(2-chloroethyl_-3-nitrosoureido] phenylthioacetic acid. Antitumor evaluation of compounds, 1 and 2 on L 1210 leukemia did show significant activity (ED$_{40}$ : 1.14.mu./ml and 8.4.mu.g/ml, repectively). Further studies were subjected..

• 기록학연구
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• 제36호
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• pp.69-119
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• 2013

1960년대의 포스트모더니즘에서 출발한 지역사 연구는 국가사 중심의 역사를 지양하고 다양성의 주체인 지역에 주목하였다. 지역화가 사회의 주요한 현상으로 등장하면서 지역사 연구가 활기를 띠고 있으며 이를 문화콘텐츠로 활용하려는 움직임도 활발하다. 이러한 지역사를 콘텐츠화 하는 사업에 비해 지역사 학습이 필요한 학생들을 대상으로 하는 교육콘텐츠 개발은 미흡한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 역사학습의 기본 도구인 기록물(사료)를 활용한 지역사 교육콘텐츠 개발 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 문헌연구, 해외사례분석, 포커스 그룹 인터뷰 등을 통하여 기록물을 활용한 지역사 교육콘텐츠 개발 방안을 제시하였다. 문헌 연구에서는 지역사, 지역사 학습, 교육콘텐츠에 대한 연구를 검토하고 정리하였다. 해외사례분석에서는 지역사 교육콘텐츠를 활발하게 서비스하고 있는 미국, 영국, 호주의 주립기록보존소들의 지역사 교육콘텐츠를 분석하여 그 특징을 도출하였다. 이들 이론적 배경을 토대로 부산 지역의 중학교 역사 교사를 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 부산 지역사 교육콘텐츠 개발에 반영되어야 할 14개의 범주와 35개의 하위범주를 추출하였다. 이론적 토대와 사례분석, 면담을 통하여 지역사 교육콘텐츠의 개발 원칙과 절차를 제안하고 이 절차에 따라 부산의 지역사 교육콘텐츠 개발 방안을 제시하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1984

Polyethylene glycol 20, 000 and 6, 000 were found to have an upper consolute temperature, called "cloud point", and the effects of various additives on the polythylene glycols were investigated in this study. Electrolytes lowered the cloud point in proportion to their concentrations through dehydration and electrostriction. It was found that anions played a more important role than cations and the effects of both the cations and the anions clearly followed the classical Hofmeister series. However, the Schultze Hardy rule holds for the effect of anions, and fails for the effect of cations. Salts of large polarizable anions such as iodide and thiocynate rather raised the cloud point, and their effects were ascribed to the fact that they break the water structure and weaken hydrophobic bonding of the polyxyethylene moiety. Nitrates of polyvalent cations also raised the cloud point. This was ascribed to the complex formation between the polyvalent cations and ether oxygens of the polyoxyethylenes. This explained the failure 'of the Schultz-Hardy rule for cations. Uncharged aromatic compounds drastically lowered the clound point, while aliphatic alcohols slightly lowered the cloud point, This result suggests that there might be some interaction between ether oxygens and aromatic nucleus.c nucleus.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2006

Analysis of molecular nature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could be powerful marker for anthropological studies of modern populations. While population genetic studies on mtDNA have been reported for several ethnic groups, no such study has been documented for the Korean population. We surveyed mtDNA polymorphisms in the HVS I of noncoding D-loop region and its upstream region from 430 unrelated healthy Korean population by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and direct sequencing analysis. PCR product with 2,790 bp spanning the specific mtDNA region (mt13715-16504) was subjected to RFLP analysis using 6 restriction enzyme (Hinf I, Hae III, Alu I, Dde I, Mbo I, Rsa I). On the PAUP analysis of PCR-RFLP results, 38 mtDNA haplotypes (Hap 1-38) were detected in the Korean populations, which were classified into 11 haplogroups (Grp 1-11) of related haplotypes encompassing all 38 haplotypes. In comparison of sequencing data with Anderson's reference sequence, the transition type was more prevalent than the transversion type. Insertions or deletions were not found. In addition, three of the polymorphic sites (A16240C, A16351G, G16384A) in HVS-I region are determined newly. The polymorphic sites were distributed randomly in the region, though the frequency at each site was variable. Thus, this research might be required for the genealogical study of Orientals.