• 음성과학
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2002

This study compared nasalance in low pressure and high pressure consonants and high and low vowels. The subjects were 8 children with cleft palate ranging from 3 years 6 months to 8 years in age. The measurement were taken in terms of the nasalance scores associated with 20 different word stimuli (high consonants+high vowels, high consonants+low vowels, low consonants+high vowels, and low consonants+low vowels) for subjects. The nasalance scores may be affected by high consonants and vowels types, low vowels and consonants types.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2007년도 한국음성과학회 공동학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.138-142
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• 2007

It was the purpose of this study to obtain nasalance values for Chinese and Korean based on Vowels. The NasalView was used to measure the amount of nasal acoustic energy in the speech of 96 normal adults from China and Korea. Means and standard deviations for the nasalance and deviation scores are presented for each of three different vowels. The Chinese speakers were found to have significantly higher nasalance scores on vowel /a/ and /u/.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.115-118
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• 2011

Background and Objectives : The voice change occurs after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. This study was designed to examine the postoperative nasalance changes using Nasometer. Materials and Method : From April 2009 to February 2010, data of twenty-eight patients who underwent tonsillectomy, tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy were evaluated. 12 males and 16 females were chosen. Nasalance test was performed before, after 1 week, after 1 month from the surgery. Results : Postoperative mean nasalance results statistically significant increased in 1 weeks after surgery, and returned to the preoperative state in 1 month after surgery. Conclusion : Although the nasalance increased immediately after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy temporally, it was recovered 1 month after surgery. Therefore, the voice change that come postoperatively could be considered as no concern, and surgeons need to aware of various facts, which can affect voice changes before the surgery.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2005

Submucosal type cleft palate is a kind of cleft palate. A submucosal cleft may result in shortening of the anteroposterior dimension of the hard or soft palates or both. The increased distance along with the lack of muscle connection in the soft palate usually accounts for the lack of palatopharyngeal function in patients with submucosal cleft. Resonance disorders which is found in cleft patients show hypernasality or hyponasality. Many cases of submucosal type cleft palate patients visit our clinics due to hypernasality. In this study, resonance disorders was evaluated through nasalance test. Experimental group was composed of submucosal type cleft palate patients. The patients were treated by a so-called combined therapy, i.e., operation and speech training. To observe the changing pattern by surgery, nasalance test was carried out one time before surgery and three times after surgery. Nasometer II was used as a examination. The questionaire was filled with single vowels & diphthongs. The mean nasalance score of the child was significantly lower than that of the adult at every vowel. An early age at operation (under 10 years) was that a better functional result was achieved with patients. The mean nasalance score of /i/ was highest and that of /a/ was the lowest. The result of corrective surgery in selected cases has achieved improvement in all cases. Hypernasality has been consistently diminished. he operation.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 한국어를 사용하는 성인에서 성별에 따른 비음도의 차이가 있는지 알아보고, 후천적 구개부 결손환자의 보철치료를 위한 기초자료로 사용을 위해 정상 비음도를 획득하는 것이다. 음성언어 표본으로 선정된 단순모음, 이중모음, 반복자음, 그리고 비음의 비율이 높은 문장, 비음의 비율이 중간인 문장, 비음의 비율이 낮은 문장에 대해 비음도의 평균과 표준편차를 구하고 남녀간의 차이가 있는지를 t-test와 Mann-Whitney test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 피실험자들은 서울 경기 지역에 거주하는 남자 15명과 여자 15명으로 구성되었고 이들 중 남자 피실험자들의 나이는 24세에서 38세까지 분포하였고 평균나이는 26.3세였다. 여자 피실험자들의 나이는 19세부터 33세까지 분포하였고 평균나이는 24.4세였다. 비음측정기 Nasometer II 가 실험에 사용되었다. 연구의 결과로 /이/ 모음을 포함하는 일부 반복 자음을 제외하고는 모음, 반복자음, 문장을 이용한 음성언어표본에서 남녀 간 비음도의 유의성 있는 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 비음측정기는 음성언어표본이 달라짐에 따라 비음도의 유의한 차이를 나타내었다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.128-132
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• 2010

Background and Objectives : This study was designed to examine the effect of nasal cavity surgery on voice in terms of nasalance by using subjective test, Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Nasometer and compare the pre op and post op results among patiets with nasal cavity disease. Materials and Method : From April 2009 to November 2009, data of thirty one patients who underwent nasal cavity surgery were prospectively evaluated. 24 males and 7 females with age range between 12 years to 80 years old (average 34 years old) were chosen. VAS was questioned to patients group before, after 1 week, after 1 month, and after 3 months from the surgery. Nasometer, was also conducted. Results: After the surgery symptoms like nasal obstruction, mouth breath, snoring, and sleep apnea were all improved. Improvements for nasal obstruction and mouth breath were observed statistically in post operative day (POD) 1 month and POD 3 months. Also snoring was improved statistically in POD 1 month. Objective nasalance test showed increases in a single and double vowel for POD 3 months. Only /je/ sound statistically-significant increased in all post operative periods. Nasalance increase were observed in other test results. Conclusion : All the symptoms are improved after nasal cavity surgery. Also there are some nasalance changes during whole period of study and return to the pre operative state in POD 3 months. Therefore, patients must be warned and understood about nasalance changes, and surgeons need to aware of various facts, which can affect voice changes before the surgery.

• 재활복지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.67-82
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• 2016

본 연구는 표준문단 읽기 과제를 사용하여 얻어진 동일한 말샘플을 통하여 마비말장애 성인의 자음정확도와 비음치가 말명료도 및 말용인도에 미치는 직접적인 영향을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 대상은 마비말장애 성인 10명과 일반 성인 16명이었다. 비음치 측정을 위한 과제로는 모음 연장, 구강음과 비강음 문장, 표준문단 읽기를 사용하였으며, 동일한 표준문단을 사용하여 자음정확도를 측정한 후, 평정자 20명에게 시각적 아날로그 척도를 사용하여 말명료도, 말용인도를 평정하게 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 구강음과 비강음 문장, 표준문단에서는 마비말장애 성인 집단의 비음치가 일반 성인 집단에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났으나, 모음연장에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 마비말장애 성인의 자음정확도는 말명료도 및 말용인도와 유의한 상관을 보였으나, 비음치는 말명료도 및 말용인도와 유의한 상관을 보이지 않았다. 자음정확도를 통제한 상황에서도 비음치는 말명료도 및 말용인도와 유의한 상관을 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 회귀분석 결과 마비말장애 성인의 자음정확도가 말명료도와 말용인도에 미치는 영향이 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 마비말장애 성인의 자음정확도는 말명료도, 말용인도와 밀접한 관련이 있으나, 비음치는 말명료도 및 말용인도와의 상관이 유의하지 않음을 알 수 있다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 1998

Nasal sounds include nasalized vowels and consonants. Nasal cavity is important for the acoustics of nasal sounds. Evaluating the effects of site-specific nasal obstruction on nasal sound will help us to understand the importance of nasal geometry for the nasal sound and to foretell voice change after nasal surgery This study was designed to analyze the change of nasality and formant characteristics of nasal sound by obstructing different sites around the ostiomeatal unit(OMU). Ten adult male and female volunteers participated. The nasal formants and bandwidths of nasal consonant /n/ were checked in various conditions of nasal obstruction. The nasalance of rabbit, baby, and mama passages were compared in each conditions. Nasalance of all passages decreased when anterior portion of OMU was obstructed. Center frequency of first nasal formant(NF1) of /n/ has decreased in the order of anterior, inferior obstruction. The bandwidth of NF1 decreased in female with anterior obstruction. Anterior portion of OMU is most critical to the change of nasality and acoustics of nasal consonant. When anterior portion of OMU is obstructed, the shift of NF1 to a lower frequency and the narrowing of NF1 bandwidth are the major acoustic changes of nasal consonant /n/.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.210-216
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• 1997

Many tools have been used to evaluate the voice abnormalities of velopharyngeal insufficiency(VPI). The aim of study was to obtain the objective evaluation method of VPI by comparing the acoustic and nasalance data of experimentally induced VPI group and those of normal control group. Ten healthy young men were included in this study Mild and severe VPI were experimentally induced by retracting velopharyngeal movement. Using the nasometer, we obtained the nasalance score of the sustained oral vowels and those of three types of nasometer passages and the slope scores of nasogram of nasal words. And we analysed the change of formant frequencies for the sustained oral vowels and the changes of various parameters of hyper-tnasality by the computerized speech analysis system. The nasalance score of sustained /a/ was increased significantly in VPI conditions. There was no changes in the slope score of nasogram. On the acoustic speech analysis, the second formant frequencies of vowel /e/ and /i/ were decreased significantly in VPI conditions. This results suggested that the measurement of nasalance score and formant frequency might be useful in the evaluation of VPI.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제40권
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• pp.23.1-23.6
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• 2018

Background: Velopharyngeal insufficiency that accompanies speech resonance and articulation disorders can be managed through several intervention methods such as speech-language therapy, prosthetic aids, and surgery. However, for patients with severe hypernasality, surgical interventions are highly recommended. Among available surgical techniques, the posterior pharyngeal flap is most common. Case presentation: Two adult males with high nasalance scores underwent superiorly based posterior pharyngeal flap surgery, followed by speech testing by an expert speech-language therapist. Nasalance scores and articulation accuracy were assessed up until 1 year after the surgery. Nasalance scores were measured five times using a nasometer, after which the average value was calculated. Conclusions: Consistent declines in hypernasality over time are not easy to explain since the pedicled pharyngeal flap narrowed over time, secondary to cicatrization. However, scar tethering of the soft palate in a posterior direction could reduce the velopharyngeal port size over time. Therefore, long-term follow-up with intensive speech therapy is suggested for patients with severe hypernasality.