• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2003

Background: Fibroblast functions both as a structural element and as a vital immunoregulatory cell. Fibroblasts regulate inflammation through governing of chemokine expression. In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which the expressions of chemokines were regulated, the co-stimulatory effects of Th1 and proinflammatory cytokines were compared using nasal mucosal fibroblasts. Methods: Human nasal mucosa was obtained from surgery for septal deviation and the growth of fibroblasts was established. Fibroblasts from 4th to 6th passage were stimulated with various combinations of cytokines. To inhibit selected signaling pathways, fibroblasts were pretreated with cyclosporin A, wortmannin, staurosporine, and dexamethasone prior to the stimulation with cytokines. The supernatants were collected and chemokines were detected with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: $TNF-{\alpha}/IFN-{\gamma}$-induced production of RANTES was inhibited by all inhibitors used. MCP-1 was produced constitutively and $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced or $TNF-{\alpha}/IFN-{\gamma}$-induced production of MCP-1 was not inhibited by cyclosporin A or wortmannin, but by stauroporine or dexamethasone. All inhibitors used in this experiment inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}/IFN-{\gamma}$-induced or $IL-1{\beta}/IFN-{\gamma}$-induced production of MCP-2 in nasal mucosal fibroblasts. Although staurosporine or dexamethasone showed strong inhibitory effects, cyclosporin A or wortmannin did not inhibit the production of MCP-3 by $IL-1{\beta}/IFN-{\gamma}$ treatment. Conclusion: Chemokines were strongly induced by stimulation of cytokines in combination and showed different pattern of inhibition by the inhibitors. Therefore, it was assumed that cytokines acted on multiple pathways or on unknown pathways which converged to gene-specific transcription factors.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.445-448
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The nose is the most prominent skeletal feature of the face and is thus prone to frequent injury. Closed reduction of nasal bone fractures can be performed under general or local anesthesia. However, the benefits and the drawbacks in either form of anesthesia chosen are seldom perceived by the surgeon. A retrospective study was performed to assess the differences in the outcome among the two groups subjected to surgery under different type of anesthesia and to introduce our method of local anesthesia and its adequacy. Methods: Two hundred and fifteen patients during a 2-year period were included in the study. 2% Lidocaine mixed with 1:100,000 epinephrine was injected on the anterior ethmoid nerve and the periosteum. Assessment factors included intra-operative adequacy of analgesia, post-operative analgesic requirement and functional and aesthetic outcome of surgery. Results: 19 patients were manipulated under general anesthesia and 196 patients were manipulated under local anesthesia on the anterior ethmoidal nerve and dorsal periosteum. No statistically signigicant variable in performance of surgery could be attributed to the mode of anesthesia employed(p > 0.05). Four patients experienced complications after reduction. One developed septal deviation and three nasal obstruction. But, no secondary operations were needed. Conclusion: Anterior ethmoidal nerve block and dorsal periosteal injection of 2% Xylocaine, combined with topical intranasal 4% lidocaine and epinephrine provided sufficient analgesia comparable to that of general anesthesia.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2023

PURPOSE. Accuracy of image matching between resting and smiling facial models is affected by the stability of the reference surfaces. This study aimed to investigate the morphometric variations in subdivided facial units during resting, posed and spontaneous smiling. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The posed and spontaneous smiling faces of 33 adults were digitized and registered to the resting faces. The morphological changes of subdivided facial units at the forehead (upper and lower central, upper and lower lateral, and temple), nasal (dorsum, tip, lateral wall, and alar lobules), and chin (central and lateral) regions were assessed by measuring the 3D mesh deviations between the smiling and resting facial models. The one-way analysis of variance, Duncan post hoc tests, and Student's t-test were used to determine the differences among the groups (α = .05). RESULTS. The smallest morphometric changes were observed at the upper and central forehead and nasal dorsum; meanwhile, the largest deviation was found at the nasal alar lobules in both the posed and spontaneous smiles (P < .001). The spontaneous smile generally resulted in larger facial unit changes than the posed smile, and significant difference was observed at the alar lobules, central chin, and lateral chin units (P < .001). CONCLUSION. The upper and central forehead and nasal dorsum are reliable areas for image matching between resting and smiling 3D facial images. The central chin area can be considered an additional reference area for posed smiles; however, special cautions should be taken when selecting this area as references for spontaneous smiles.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.286-296
• /
• 1998

비중격 만곡증 환자의 비내수술시 채취한 정상 하비갑개 점막조직으로 부터 상피세포만을 분리세포의 단층배양법(monolayer culture of dissociated cells)으로 배양하여 비점막 상피세포 배양법을 정립하고 또한 배양된 세포가 상피세포임을 동정하기 위하여 간접 면역형광항체법으로 상피세포 특유의 cytokeratin을 확인하였고 투과전자현미경으로 상피세포만이 가지고 있는 교소체(desmosome) 및 장세사(tonofilament) 등을 확인하였으며 6회까지 계대배양을 할 수 있었다. 향후 본 연구에서 배양된 비점막 상피세포를 이용하여 알레르기성 비염 등과 같은 비점막 염증성 질환의 병태생리에서 상피세포의 역할에 대한 연구와 호산구등 염증 세포의 침윤과 상피세포의 손상에 접착분자 및 cytokine의 상호작용에 관한 연구가 계속될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.281-287
• /
• 2018

Objectives. Regenerative treatment using stem cells may serve as treatment option for empty nose syndrome (ENS), which is caused by the lack of turbinate tissue and deranged nervous system in the nasal cavity. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in the treatment of ENS. Methods. In this prospective observational clinical study, we enrolled 10 ENS patients who volunteered to undergo treatment of ENS through the injection of autologous SVF. Data, including demographic data, pre- and postoperative Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-25 (SNOT-25) scores, overall patient satisfaction, and postoperative complications, were prospectively collected. Nasal secretion was assessed using the polyurethane foam absorption method, and the levels of biological markers were analyzed in both ENS group and control group using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The SVF extracted from abdominal fat was diluted and injected into both inferior turbinates. Results. Among the 10 initial patients, one was excluded from the study. Subjective satisfaction was rated as "much improved" in two and "no change" in seven. Among the improved patients, the mean preinjection SNOT-25 score was 55.0 and the score at 6 months after injection was 19.5. However, the average SNOT-25 score of nine participants at 6 months after injection (mean${\pm}$standard deviation, $62.4{\pm}35.8$) did not differ significantly from the baseline SNOT-25 score ($70.1{\pm}24.7$, P>0.05, respectively). Among the various inflammatory markers assessed, the levels of interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-8, and calcitonin gene-related peptide were significantly higher in ENS patients. Compared with preinjection secretion level, the nasal secretions from SVF-treated patients showed decreased expressions of $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-8 after injection. Conclusion. Although SVF treatment appears to decrease the inflammatory cytokine levels in the nasal mucosa, a single SVF injection was not effective in terms of symptom improvement and patient satisfaction. Further trials are needed to identify a more practical and useful regenerative treatment modality for patients with ENS.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.535-542
• /
• 2000

본 연구는 안면비대칭 환자의 natural head position(NHP)시 정면에서의 두부 또는 경추의 경사 정도를 알아봄으로써 교정환자의 임상검사시 비대칭의 진단에 도움이 되고자 시행되었다. 두드러진 전후방 골격 이상은 없으나 뚜렷한 좌우 안면비대칭을 보이는 성인 20명을 비대칭군으로, 좌우 대칭적인 외모와 비교적 정상교합을 보이는 성인 21명 을 대칭군으로 선정 한 다음 물방울 수평계를 이용하여 NHP 상태의 정모두부방사선사진을 촬영하고 투사도를 작성하였다. Crista galli와 anterior nasal spine을 연결한 선과 crista galli와 menton을 연결한 선이 이루는 각을 menton의 변위 정도로 정하고, 좌우 supra-orbital margin의 최상방점을 지나는 supra-orbital line과, 제1경추와 제4경추의 중심을 연결한 cervical line이 각각 true vertical line과 이루는 각을 계측한 다음 이들간의 상관관계를 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Supra-orbital line이 true vortical line과 이루는 각이 직각에서 벗어난 정도가 대칭군에 비하여 비대칭군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 크게 나타났다. 2. Cervical line이 true vertical line과 이루는 각은 통계적 유의차는 없었으나 비대칭군에서 더 큰 경향을 보였다. 3. 비대칭군에서 supra-orbital line이 true vortical line과 이루는 각이 직각에서 벗어난 정도는 menton의 변위 정도와 통계적으로 유의한 순상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 안면비대칭 환자는 menton의 변위를 보상하려는 방향으로 기울어진 NHP를 가지는 경향이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2001

1999년 11월에서 2000년 4월까지 본 교실에서 비중격 성형술과 하비갑개 절제술 혹은 하비갑개 성형술을 시행 받고 3개월이상 추적 관찰이 가능하였던 45명의 성인환자를 대상으로 비중격 성형술 및 하비갑개 수술의 결과를 전향적으로 분석하였다. 수술 전 증상접수는 코막힘이 가장 높았으며 수술 후 전체적으로 모든 증상에서 통계학적으로 의미 있게 호전되었다(p<0.05). 수술 전 후의 음향비강통기도 검사에서 비강수축전의 경우에서 최소비강단면적은 큰 변화가 없었으나, C-절혼 면적과 비강체적은 의미 있게 증가되었다. 또한 증상의 호전도와 음향비강통기도 검사치의 변화와는 통계학적 연관성이 없었으나, 증상이 호전됨에 따라 최소비강단면적, C-절혼 면적, 비강체적이 증가하는 경향을 볼 수 있었다. 결론적으로 바중격 성형술 및 하비갑개 수술 후 결과 판정방법으로서 수술 전 후의 환자의 주관적인 증상을 접수화하여 어느 정도 객관성을 부여하였으며 수술 전 후의 음향비강통기도 검사를 이용하여 음향비장통기도 검사결과를 구하고 이를 바탕으로 증상접수의 호전도와 음향비강통기도 검사결과를 비교 분석함으로써 증상의 호전을 객관적으로 증명하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.402-419
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study assessed the differences in soft tissue deviations of the nose, lips, and chin between different mandibular asymmetry types in Class III patients. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography data from 90 Class III patients with moderate-to-severe facial asymmetry were investigated. The sample was divided into three groups based on the extent of mandibular rolling, yawing, and translation. Soft tissue landmarks on the nose, lips, and chin were investigated vertically, transversely, and anteroposteriorly. A paired t test was performed to compare variables between the deviated (Dv) and nondeviated (NDv) sides, and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post-hoc test was performed for intergroup comparisons. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the relationship between the soft and hard tissue deviations. Results: The roll-dominant group showed significantly greater differences in the vertical positions of the soft tissue landmarks between the Dv and NDv than other groups (P < 0.05), whereas the yaw-dominant group exhibited larger differences in the transverse and anteroposterior directions (P < 0.05). Moreover, transverse lip cant was correlated with the menton (Me) deviation and mandibular rolling in the roll-dominant group (P < 0.001); the angulation of the nasal bridge or philtrum was correlated with the Me deviation and mandibular yawing in the yaw-dominant group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The three-dimensional deviations of facial soft tissue differed based on the mandibular asymmetry types in Class III patients with similar amounts of Me deviation. A precise understanding of soft tissue deviation in each asymmetry type would help achieve satisfactory facial esthetics.

• 치과방사선
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.477-491
• /
• 1999

Objectives : To evaluate the anatomic variations of the paranasal sinuses on computed tomographs. Materials and Methods : The author examined the CT images of the paranasal sinuses retrospectively in 500 patients who visited Chonbuk National University Hospital between January 1996 and December 1997. Results : The highest incidence of anatomic variation of the paranasal sinuses in bilateral structures was agger nasi cel1(73.2％), followed by concha bullosa(31.1％), Onodi cell(24.0％), Haller ce1109.8％), maxillary sinus septum(3.0％), paradoxical middle turbinate(2.5％), pneumatized uncinate process(2.0％), and bent uncinate process. The highest incidence of anatomic variation in midline structures was nasal septum deviation(53.2％), followed by nasal septum aerated(29.4％), bulla galli(24.7％) asymmetric intersphenoid septum(22.3％), and nasal septum spur(13.8％). The correlation between anatomic variation and paranasal sinusitis was not found. Conclusions : The results of this study will aid in the diagnosis and treatment of paranasal sinus diseases, especially in the treatment planning before functional endoscopic surgery.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2012

Unilateral cleft lip is not a simple and independent problem in all aspects. nasal deformity results from the cleft lip, maxillary hypoplasia, and abnormal muscular pull on the nasal structures, including abnormal muscular tension on the alar base and abnormal position of the orbicularis oris muscle. Its gross and histopathologic characteristics include widening of the alar base, a midline deviation of the columella and septum to the noncleft side, dorsal displacement of the dome, lateral rotation of medial crura, buckling of the alar cartilage, and underdevelopment of the pyriform aperture. Since Dr. Millard first presented his method for repair of the unilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity in 1955, no other technique has gained as much popularity as the rotation-advancement principle. Principles established more than 50 years ago and techniques are evolving continuously. Unlike earlier procedures, this repair gives the surgeon the opportunity to manipulate the individual cleft elements through various modifications while maintaining Millard's original surgical and anatomical goals. Although this strategy is applied worldwide, successful execution is variable and highly operator dependent. Millard and many other surgeons have made technical variations to adjust the procedure to each specific patient, to address some of its faults, and to gain new advantages. We will review the Mulliken's modifications that Dr. Millard made to his original rotation-advancement principle and inform cases applied modifying the rotation-advancement principle.