• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.501-503
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• 2007

Purpose: The authors report unusual one case of a patient presenting with maxillary sinus mucocele who had underwent Lefort I procedure 7 years ago. Methods: Case report and literature review Results: A 25 year old man came to us with fullness, pain and nasal obstruction on his left cheek area. He had a history of multiple operations due to cleft lip and palate since birth. Two jaw surgery was performed for correcting class III malocclusion 7 years ago. Computed tomography showed haziness, and fluid filled cystic mass on left maxillary sinus. Nasoendoscopy revealed the bulging of inferior turbinate and mucosa coincided in medial wall of maxillary sinus. Antrostomy with Caldwell-Luc approach was performed. Mucin contaning brownish exudate was leaked out. Severe inflammation of maxillary inner wall and exposure of 2 screws fixed previously were noticed. The curettage and marsupialization were accomplished. The symptoms of patient were improved after that procedure. Conclusion: Maxillary sinus mucocele is related with Lefort I procedure and it may occur even long after that procedure.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.501-505
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• 2021

The pathogenic free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a fatal infection, by penetrating the nasal mucosa and migrating to the brain via the olfactory nerves. N. fowleri can induce host cell death via lytic necrosis. Similar to phosphorylation, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is involved in various cell-signaling processes, including apoptosis and proliferation, with O-GlcNAc addition and removal regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. However, the detailed mechanism of host cell death induced by N. fowleri is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether N. fowleri can induce the modulation of O-GlcNAcylated proteins during cell death in Jurkat T cells. Co-incubation with live N. fowleri trophozoites increased DNA fragmentation. In addition, incubation with N. fowleri induced a dramatic reduction in O-GlcNAcylated protein levels in 30 min. Moreover, pretreatment of Jurkat T cells with the OGA inhibitor PUGNAc prevented N. fowleri-induced O-deGlcNAcylation and DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that O-deGlcNAcylation is an important signaling process that occurs during Jurkat T cell death induced by N. fowleri.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.169-182
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• 2002

Background: Allergic rhinitis(AR) is a heterogeneous disorder that despite its high prevalence is often undiagnosed. It is characterized by one or more symptoms including sneezing, itching, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea. And it is frequently accompanied by symptoms involving the eyes, ears, and throat, including postnasal drainage. There are many different causes of rhinitis in children and adults. Approximately 50$\%$ of all cases of rhinitis are caused by allergy. In the case of rhinitis caused by allergens, symptoms arise as a result of inflammation induced by a gamma globulin E-mediated immune response to specific allergens such as pollens, molds, animal dander, and dust mites. The immune response involves the release of inflammatory mediators and the activation and recruitment of cells to the nasal mucosa. AR is similar to 鼻？, hypersensitive rhinitis in Oriental Medicine. I think hypersensitive rhinitis is including of AR, vasomotor rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis related with eosinophil increased and so on. Purpose: To perform a clinical analysis of hypersensitive rhinitis including allergic rhinitis and estimate the efficacy of Oriental Medical treatment. Objective: We studied 96 patients who had visited our hospital with complaints of nasal symptoms from March 2000 to February 2002; they had the signs more than 2 - nasal obstruction, watery discharge, sneezing and eye or nasal itching. Parameters Observed & Methods: We treated them with acupuncture & herb-medication. Sometime they used aroma oil or external medicine. 1) the distribution of sex & age groups 2) the clinical type based on duration & the severity of symptom 3) the breakdown of complication & pasl history of Otolaryngologic or allergic disease 4) the clinical assessment and classification of rhinitis(sneezers and runners & blockers) 5) the associated symptoms and signs 6) the classification of Byeonjeung 7) the classification of prescriptions and 8) the efficacy of treatment. Result: 1. In the clinical type of based on duration, the intermittent type was 42.7$\%$ and the persistent was 57.3$\%$. 2. We observed the severity of symptoms based on the quality of life. The mild type was 24.0$\%$ and the moderate-severe was 76.0$\%$. 3. In the clinical assessment and classification of rhinitis, the sneezers and runners type was 69.8$\%$ and the blockers was 30.2$\%$. 4. The most common family history with otolaryngologic or allergic disease were allergic rhinitis(17.7$\%$), urticaria, paranasal sinusitis and T.B.(3.1$\%$). 5. The most common past history with otolaryngologic or allergic disease were paranasal sinusitis(14.6$\%$), atopic dermatitis and asthma(8.3$\%$). It was 31.3$\%$ they had a family history and 44.8$\%$, past history. 6. The most common complication was paranasal sinusitis(15.6$\%$). In decreasing order the others were otitis media with effusion(9.4$\%$), GERD and headache(6.3$\%$), asthma, bronchitis, nasal bleeding and allergic dermatitis(5.2$\%$). 7. Classification through Byeonjeung : ⅰ) 39 cases(34.9$\%$) were classified as showing Deficiency syndrome. The insuffficiency of Qi was 17.7$\%$, deficiency of Kidney-Yang, 12.5$\%$ and Lung-Cold, 10.4$\%$. ⅱ) 57 cases(59.4$\%$) were classified as showing Excess syndrome. The Fever of YangMing-meridian was 35.4$\%$, Lung-Fever, 24.0$\%$. 8. The efficacy of treatments showed: an improvement in 22cases(22.9$\%$); an improvement partly in 24 cases(25.0$\%$); no real improvement or changes in 16 cases(16.7$\%$); and couldn't check the results 18cases(18.6$\%$). Conclusion: We suggest that this study could be utilized as a standard of clinical Oriental Medical treatment when we treat hypersensitive rhinitis including allergic rhinitis.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2003

본 연구는 후각점막에 내재하는 zinc의 분포를 형태학적으로 뚜렷이 보여준 예가 없기에 조직화학적으로 염색한 후 광학 및 전자현미경으로 이들의 분포를 기술하고자 하였다. 실험동물로는 성숙한 수컷 랫드(SD 계통)를 사용하였다. 우선 동물은 전신마취시킨 후 만들어진 selenium 용액 $100{\mu}l$를 복강에 주사하였고(i.p 실험군), 다른 방법으로는 selenium 용액 $100{\mu}l$를 비강 깁숙히 플라스틱관을 삽입한 후 Hamilton 주사기로 한 방울씩 떨어뜨렸다(i.n 실험군). 후각점막내 zinc를 조직화학법으로 동정하기 위해서 zinc 특이성이 높은 AMG법(Danscher, 1985)을 이용하였다. 각 실험군의 동물은 주사 후 2시간에 이르러 3% Glutaraldehyde 고정액으로 관류함으로써 희생시켰다. 고정후 비중격을 포함하여 후각부위를 떼어낸 수 $30{\mu}l$ 두께의 관상절편을 만들었다. AMG 반응이 끝나면 toluene blue (TB)로 대조염색하고, 알코올과 자일렌 등을 이용한 탈수과정 및 청명과정을 거쳐 광학현미경하에서 관찰하였다. 전자현미경적 절편을 만들기 위해 전자현미경 관찰을 위한 실험으로 vibratome을 사용하여, $100{\mu}m$ 두께의 가로절편을 만들었고, AMG염색이 끝나면 일반적인 전자현미경적 관찰을 위한 일련의 과정을 거쳐 투과전자현미경하에서 관찰하였다. Selenium 용액을 복강에 투여한 i.p 실험군에서는 $30{\mu}m$ 두께의 후각점막의 상층부와 기저부에서 강한 AMG 반응산물(silver grains)이 관찰되었으나 기저막아래 고유판에서는 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 반면 selenium 용액을 비강점막에 직접 도포한 i.n 실험군에서는 i.p 실험군과 같이 후각점막에서 강한 AMG 반응이 관찰되었을 뿐만 아니라 이러한 반응이 기저막내 후각실의 주행을 따라 관찰되었다. 투과전자현미경으로 관찰된 후각상피에서는 AMG 과립이 지지세포의 세포 상층부에서 관찰되는 분비과립에 국한되는 소견이며, 이곳에서 관찰된 AMG은 과립(silver grains)은 원형 또는 난원형으로 그 크기는 다양하였다. 반면 세포체 하부에서 관찰된 AMG grains은 주로 용해소체위에서 밀집되어 관찰되었으며, 핵주변부 및 세포사이공간(intercellular space)에서는 AMG grains이 낱개로 구분, 관찰되었다. 한편 i.n 실험군에서 관찰된 후각점막의 전반적인 구조가 손상된 소견을 보였으며, 지지세포의 위쪽에서는 전자밀도가 높고 간상의 crystalloid structure가 다수 관찰되었고, 이들 구조에 다수의 AMG 과립이 붙어 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 랫드 후각점막에 존재하는 zinc는 지지세포의 분비과립과 후각세포의 축삭다발인 후각실에서 관찰되었는데 이는 zinc가 후각기능과 매우 밀접한 관련있음을 시사하며, 이는 향후 후각기능과 zinc의 연관성을 연구하는데 소중한 자료가 될 것으로 믿는다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 후각점막의 이상으로 나타나는 여러 가지 질환의 병리에서 zinc가 영위하는 신경생물학적 기능을 밝히는데 유용한 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.324-331
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• 2010

The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) has become a workhorse flap as a means of reconstructing surgical defects in the head and neck region. We have transferred 12 RFFFs with fasciocutaneous type on oral cavity defects in 12 patients after cancer resection and submucous fibrotic lesion ablation from 2005 to 2007 at Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Pusan National University Hospital. We reviewed retrospectively patients' charts and followed up the patients. Clinical analysis on the cases with RFFFs focusing on flap morbidity, indications and available vessels was done. The results of study are follows: 1. RFFF could be applied for all kind of defects after resection of tongue, floor of mouth, buccal mucosa, denuded bone of palate, maxilla, and mandible. 2. All free flaps could be used for primary reconstruction. The survival rate of 12 RFFFs was 92%. Partial marginal loss of the flaps was shown as 3 cases among 12 cases. Large size-vessels like superior thyroid artery, facial artery, internal jugular vein were favorable for microvascular anastomosis. 3. Parenteral nutrition instead of nasal L-tube also can be favorable for postoperative a week for better healing of the flap if the patients couldn't be tolerable with nasal tubing. 4. Donor sites with thigh skin graft were repaired with wrist band for 2 weeks. The complications included scarring, abnormal sensation on hand, and reduced grip strength in few patients, but those didn't induce major side effects. 5. Most RFFFs were well healed even if mortality rate of cancer patients was shown as 50% (5/10 persons). The mortality of patients was not correlated with morbidity of the flaps. We could identify the usefulness of RFFF for restoration of oral function, esthetics if the flap design, tissue transfer indications, and well controlled operation are proceeded.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2006

Background and Objective : Allergic rhinitis is a IgE-mediated hypersensitive reaction at nasal mucosa. In oriental medicine, Bangpungtongsung-San is clinically widely used for the treatment of the allergic rhinitis. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Bangpungtongsung-San on allergic rhinitis experimentally. Material and Methods : BALB/c mouse were divided into there groups: intact, control, experimental groups. Control and experimental group were induced allergic rhinitis by Ovalbumin as· the method of Levin and Vaz. Experimental group was orally administered the Bangpungtongsung-San for 28days. Total IgE, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-5 and $Interferon-{\gamma}$ were measured at three groups. The statistical significance was examined by Independent Samples T test. Results : 1. The experimental group shows increase of $IFN-{\gamma}$ by 17% compared with control group but there was no statistical significance. 2. The experimental group shows increase of IL-4 and IL-5 compared with control group but there was no statistical significance. 3. The experimental group shows increase of Total IgE and diminution of OVA-specific IgE by 32% compared with control group but there was no statistical significance. Conclusion : The effect of Bangpungtongsung-San on allergic rhinitis is not immunological but seems to be anti-imflammatory and anti-stress effect.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 1985

The authors reviewed 114 cases of malignant major and minor salivary gland tumors at Presbyterian Medical Center seen from February, 1963 to December, 1983. The results were obtained as follows; 1) Overall male and female sex ratio was 2:1. The peak age of patients with major and minor salivary gland tumor were both 5 th decade. 2) The ratio of benign and malignant tumor was 83:114. The incidence of malignancy in each group was 52% in parotid (50 patients), 75% in minor salivary gland (45 patients), 49% in submaxillary gland(18 patients) and 25% in sublingual gland (1 patient). 3) The incidence according to the anatomic primary site for minor salivary cancers was 10 cases in the nasal cavity, each 8 in the palate and the maxillary antrum, 7 in the tongue, 5 in the gum, 3 in the larynx and 2 in the buccal mucosa. 4) Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common cancer of minor salivary gland and malignant mixed tumor was the most common in major salivary glands, each comprising 34 cases (76%) of minor and 19 cases (28%) of major salivary gland tumors. 5) The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis was 50% in the submaxillary gland cancers, 44% in the parotid gland cancers and 21% in malignant tumors of minor salivary glands. The highest incidence of lymph node metastasis according to histopathological classification was formed in high grade of mucoepidermoid (67%). 6) Nerve invasion was common in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. According to anatomic site, nerve invasion occurred most often in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submaxillary gland (44%). 7) The lung was the commonest site for distant metastasis comprising 12 cases among 26 cases in which distant spread occurred. 8) The recurrence rate was 50% for major salivary gland cancer and 52% in cancer of the minor salivary gland. In accordance with pathological classification, adenocarcinoma most frequently recurred after excision. This being seen in 88% of patients undergoing definitive therapy. 9) The determinate 5 year survival rate was 78% in major salivary gland tumors, but 69% in minor salivary gland tumors.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.466-469
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• 2018

The highly contoured nature of the nose and the abundant free margin makes it especially difficult to reconstruct. In this report, we describe the use of a new helical rim free flap technique for the reconstruction of full-thickness nasal alar defects via supermicrosurgery. Briefly, after a wide excision with a margin of 0.7 cm, an alar defect with a size of $1{\times}1{\times}0.5cm$ was obtained, which included the full thickness of the skin, mucosa, and lower lateral cartilage. Vessel dissection was performed in a straightforward manner, starting from the incision margin for flap harvest, without any further dissection for reach the greater trunk of the superficial temporal artery. The flap was inset in order to match the contour of the contralateral ala. We closed the donor site via rotation and advancement. No donor site morbidity was observed, despite the presence of a small scar that could easily be covered with hair. The alar contour was satisfactory, and the patient was satisfied with the results. The supermicrosurgical technique did not require further dissection to identify the vessels for anastomosis, leading to better cosmetic outcomes and a reduced operating time.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2005

The main symptoms of allergic rhinitis are sternulation, rhinorrhea and rhinanchon. It is also characterized by frontal headache, ohotophobia and epiphora. Alleric rhinitis occurs when inhaled alleren is in contact with nasal mucosa which causes immune response. Bojungiki-Tang is one of the most frequently used medical treatment for the allergic rhinitis. Two chronic perennial allergic rhinitis sutterers, whose alleraies are thought to be due to house dust and ticks, were investigated through the eosinoohil numerical index and the subject symptom numerical index for three months. After treatment, both patients showed a lower index for both tests. The symptom index scores diminished from 17 to 3, and from 16 to 5. The eosinophil numerical index taken through blood tests, diminised from 4 to 2, and from 4 to 3. The above results suggest that Bojungiki-Tang has the inhibitory effects on allergic rhinitis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.179-182
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• 2013

Human cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) is a well-conserved xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme expressed in liver, kidney, nasal mucosa, brain, lung, and other tissues. CYP2E1 is inducible by ethanol, acetone, and other low-molecular weight substrates and may mediate development of chemically-mediated cancers. CYP2E1 polymorphisms alter the transcriptional activity of the gene. This study was conducted in order to investigate the allele frequency variation in different populations of Andhra Pradesh. Two hundred and twelve subjects belonging to six populations were studied. Genotype and allele frequency were assessed through TaqMan allelic discrimination (rs6413419) and polymerase chain reaction-sequencing (-1295G>C and -1055C>T) after DNA isolation from peripheral leukocytes. The data were compared with other available world populations. The SNP rs6413419 is monomorphic in the present study, -1295G>C and -1055C>T are less polymorphic and followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all the populations studied. The -1295G>C and -1055C>T frequencies were similar and acted as surrogates in all the populations. Analysis of HapMap populations data revealed no significant LD between these markers in all the populations. Low frequency of $CYP2E1^*c2$ could be useful in the understanding of south Indian population gene composition, alcohol metabolism, and alcoholic liver disease development. However, screening of additional populations and further association studies are necessary. The heterogeneity of Indian population as evidenced by the different distribution of $CYP2E1^*c2$ may help in understanding the population genetic and evolutionary aspects of this gene.