• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.557-568
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• 2013

In this study, Calculated the nonpoint sources(NPS) load per unit area about various rainy events in vineyard of Nakdong River basin. NPS monitoring and calculation for NPS load per unit area were estimated from 'Investigation method of precipitation discharge(National Institute of Environmental Research, 2007)'. The evaluation of applicability for NPS load per unit by compared with prior research data and Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL) data. Five target areas were each $2000m^2$, $1800m^2$, $1943m^2$, $2484m^2$, $864m^2$ and located in Gyeongsangbukdo Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbukdo Sangju, Gyeongsangnamdo Hapcheon in Korea. Since fruits were the only crop on the target area, the characteristics of stormwater discharge at survey sites could be evaluated independently. A total of 115 rainfall events in the Orchard area during five years(2008-2012) was surveyed, and 38 of them became stormwater discharge. In the Nakdong River watershed, average of event mean concentrations(EMCs) in Orchard area for biochemical oxyzen demand(BOD), Chemical oxyzen demand(COD), total nitrogen(T-N), total phosphorus(T-P) were 2.0mg/L, 10.1mg/L, 3.195mg/L, 0.578mg/L, respectively. NPS load per unit area in Orchard area showed BOD : $2.0kg/km^2{\cdot}day$, COD : $10.2kg/km^2{\cdot}day$, T-N : $3.220kg/km^2{\cdot}day$, T-P : $0.606kg/km^2{\cdot}day$.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.400-408
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• 2013

Total phosphorus was set as a target indicator to prevent eutrophication and algae growth, etc., in three major rivers (Nakdong River, Geum River and Yeongsang/Seomjin River) for the second phase (2011 ~ 2015) in total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) system. However, total phosphorus management was restrictively introduced, i.e., upstream of the Lake Daechung, in the Geum River watershed. Total phosphorus concentration and trophic levels in downstream of the Lake Daechung (include Mangyeong and Dongjin rivers) were increased more than upstream. Therefore, it is necessary to expand total phosphorus management in all watersheds of the Geum River. If total phosphorus was managed in all area of the Geum River watershed, it is possible to decrease total phosphorus concentration and trophic levels, and solve the unbalanced water quality between up and downstream of the Lake Daechung.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.411-423
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• 2018

To investigate the distribution characteristics of grain size and organic matter of surface sediments from the Nakdong-Goryeong Mid-watershed, surface sediments were collected and analyzed. The samples were collected from six sited at four different times between May 2013 and May 2014. The were analyzed for grain size, water content, ignition loss, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon and total nitrogen. The surface sediments were mainly composed of medium sand (mean 44.7%) and coarse sand (mean 32.8%) and became coarser in May 2014. Fine sediments at the site NG-2 were poorly sorted and positively skewed, and occur in a tributary environment that is relatively low-energy compared with the other sites. The water content at the studied sites (15.3 ~ 34.9%) averaged 20.25%, and ignition loss (0.4 ~ 5.8%) and total nitrogen (274 ~ 2493 mg/kg) averaged 1.33% and, 696 mg/kg, respectively. These values indicated that the sediments were not seriously contaminated when compared with the sediment pollution evaluation standard of the National Institute of Environmental Research. The chemical oxygen demand (mean 0.17%) was at the non-polluted level compared with United States Environmental Protection Agency sediment quality standards. The total organic carbon (mean 0.18%) at all sites except site NG-2 (lowest effect level) was the no effect level of the Ontario sediment quality guidelines. The COD/IL (0.02 ~ 0.20) and C/N (0.73 ~ 6.76) were less than 1 and 10, respectively. Organic matter in the study area produced naturally from aquatic organisms. Results of principal component analysis showed that fine sediments (very fine sand and silt) were significantly affected by organic matters (ignition loss, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon and total nitrogen). In addition, the highest organic matters content in the study area occurred at the site with the finest sediments (NG-2).

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.577-590
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 낙동강 유역을 대상으로 유역-하천 흐름 연계 모형을 구축하였다. 본 연구는 기후변화에 따른 하천 흐름 및 수질 영향 분석을 위한 전단계의 연구이다. 낙동강 유역을 대상으로 유역 수문 모형인 SWAT 모형을 구축하고 낙동강 본류 EFDC 모형에 유량 경계자료를 제공하여 본류 흐름을 예측하였다. 유역 모의를 통해 계산된 유출량을 본류 13개, 지류 30개 지점에서 2004년부터 2009년까지의 환경부8일 자료를 이용하여 검보정하였다. 모형의 적용성을 평가하기 위하여 % difference, NSE, $R^2$를 산정하였으며, % difference는 몇몇 지점을 제외하고는 대부분 15% 이내인 것으로 나타났고, NSE와$R^2$ 역시 대부분 적정 수준인 것으로 모의 되었다. 한편, SWAT 모형으로부터 본류의 상류 및 지류 경계의 유출량 값을 제공받아 EFDC모형에 입력하였고 낙동강 본류에서의 2007년도 흐름을 예측하였다. 계산된 결과를 낙동강 본류의 각 수위 관측소에서의 측정 데이터와 비교한 결과, 본 모형이 저수기 및 홍수기시 모두 잘 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 만곡부 및 하중도 부근에서의 유속 증가와 감소 현상 등을 잘 모의하는 것으로 확인되었다. 한편, 상류 경계로 부터 1월1일 유입된 염료의 이동현상을 모의한 결과 하구언까지 도달하는데 약 65일이 소요되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2007년도 정기총회 및 학술논문발표회
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• pp.219-222
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• 2007

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.301-312
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• 2016

본 연구는 낙동강수계 중점관리하천인 35개 지류 지천 수질 및 유량을 모니터링하고 수질오염농도, 발생부하량, 계절별 오염특성과 수질항목 간 상관관계 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하여 지류중심의 오염특성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 COD, TP, TOC 및 TN을 제외한 대부분의 하천에서 $BOD_5$, Chl_a 및 Fecal E. Coli 등은 50% 이상이 하천수질항목 II(약간좋음)등급 이하에 속하였다. 비유량(Q)은 $0.05m^3/s/km^2$ 이상 지점이 54.4%(19지점)를 차지하였고, 이 가운데 달서천, 현지천, 석교천1, 의령천1 및 대산천2 지점 등은 오염농도 역시 높아 오염물질부하량을 고려한 상세조사가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 35개 중점관리지천은 낙동왜관, 금호강, 낙동고령, 낙동창녕, 남강, 낙동밀양 및 낙동강하구언 등 7개 중권역에 속하였으며, 이 가운데 금호강과 남강 중권역은 영천댐, 가창댐, 공산댐 및 남강댐과 같은 인공댐의 영향을 받아 다른 중권역과 달리 일정한 하천 유지유량을 보임으로써 오염물질부하량도 높게 조사되었다. 계절적 오염특성을 살펴볼 때, 농도편차가 큰 수질항목은 $BOD_5$, TN, SS, 비유량(Q)이, 큰 편차가 없는 항목은 TP와 Chl_a가 관찰되었고 이는 강우특성 및 유 무기물의 분해특성이 다르기 때문으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 계절별/수질항목 간 상관관계는 피어슨 상관계수(Pearson correlation coefficient)를 이용하여 분석하였고, 일부 항목을 제외한 모든 계절에서 TOC와 COD의 상관성이 높음을 확인하였다. 계절별 상관관계가 높은($R2{\geq}0.5$) 수질항목들이 $BOD_5$에 미치는 영향력을 알아보기 위해 단계선택방법(Stepwise regression method)을 이용한 다중회귀분석(Multiple regression analysis)을 실시함으로써 계절별 영향력이 높은 수질인자 및 회귀식을 제시하였다. 그 결과 겨울철을 제외한 봄, 여름 및 가을에 다중회귀분석이 적합하였고 봄철에는 COD, TP가, 여름철에는 Chl_a, TOC가 가을철에는 TOC 및 COD가 $BOD_5$에 영향력이 높음을 확인하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.441-451
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• 2014

Streamflow is typically divided into two components that are direct runoff and baseflow, it is required to analyze and estimate behaviors of those two flow components to understand watershed characteristics so that watershed management plan can be effective in pollutant reductions. Since pollutant load behaviors in a stream or river are variable by flow component behaviors, best management practices need to be applied in a watershed based on the pollutant load behaviors varying with flow components. Thus, baseflow behaviors were analyzed separating baseflow from streamflow data collected from fifteen streamflow gaging stations in the 4 major river watersheds which are the Han river, Nakdong river, Guem river, and Yeongsan Somjin river watersheds. Moreover, precipitation trends throughout the 4 River Systems were investigated, thus daily precipitation data were collected from sixty-five locations. The Hank river watershed displayed the largest precipitation (925.2 mm) in summer but the lowest precipitation (71.8 mm) in winter, indicating the watershed has the most fluctuating precipitation characteristic. While the precipitation trends in the Four River Systems varied, a distinct feature in baseflow trends was not found, moreover baseflow percentages to streamflow were typically greater than 50% in the Four River Systems. As shown in this study, it would be expected significant amount of pollutants could be contributed to the stream in the form of baseflow at the watershed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.887-895
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• 2006

Through this research of the analysis on the frequency flood discharges regarding basin property factors, a linear regression system was introduced, and as a result, the item with the highest correlation with the frequency flood discharges from Nakdong river basin is the basin area, and the second highest is the average width of basin and the river length. The following results were obtained after looking at the multi correlation between the flood discharge and the collected basin property factors using the data from the established river maintenance master plan of the one hundred twenty-five rivers in the Nakdong river basin. The result of analysis on multivariate correlation between the flood discharges and the most basic data in determining the flood discharges as basin area, river length, basin slope, river slope, average width of basin, shape factor and probability precipitation showed more than 0.9 of correlation in terms of the multi correlation coefficient and more than 0.85 for the determination coefficient. The model which induced a regression system through multi correlation analysis using basin property factors is concluded to be a good reference in estimating the design flood discharge of unmeasured basin.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.895-902
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• 2010

The effect of seasonality on water quality variation is very significant. Generally, it reduce the power of the trend extraction. A parametric time-series model was used for detecting trends in historic constituent concentration data. The effect of seasonality is able to remove from time series decomposition technique. According to such statistic methode, long-term water quality trend analysis system (NTrend 1.0) was developed by Nakdong River Water Environmental Research Center. The trend analysis of BOD variation was conducted with NTrend 1.0 at Goreong and Moolkum site in Nakdong river to show the effect of water quality management action plan. Power test of trend extraction was tried each case of 'deseasonalized and deannulized' data and 'deseasonalized' data. Analysis period was from 1989 to 2006, and it's period was divided again three times, 1989~1993, 1994~1999 and 2000~2006 according to action plan period. The BOD trend was downward in Goreong site during three times and it's trend slope was very steep, and upward in Moolkum during 1989~1993, but it was turned downward during 1994~1999 and 2000~2006. It was revealed that it's very effective to reduce the concentration of BOD by water quality management action plan in that watershed. The result of power test was shown that it is high for trend extraction power in case of 'deseasonalized' data.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1499-1509
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• 2016

This study was performed to analyze the effects of a water circulation green area plan on non-point source pollution in Gimhae South Korea. A quantitative analysis of Arc-GIS data was conducted by applying a watershed model based on Fortran to investigate the changes to direct runoff and pollution load. Results showed that prior to the implementation of the water circulation green area plan in Gimhae, direct runoff was $444.05m^3/year$, total biological oxygen demand (BOD) pollution load was 21,696 kg/year, and total phosphorus (TP) pollution load was 1,743 kg/year. Implementation of the development plan was found to reduce direct runoff by 2.27%, BOD pollution load by 1.16% and TP pollution load by 0.19% annually. The reduction in direct runoff and non-point source pollution were attributed to improvements in the design of impermeable layers within the city.