• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2001

The conflicts between environment protection and economic development are becoming increasingly important in environmental decision making of Nakdong River Basin. A science-based evaluation system is now needed to represent both the environmental values and the economic values with a common measure. EMERGY, spelled with an \"m\" evaluates both the work of river and that of human in generating products and services. The monetary cost-benefit analysis and the environmental accounting by EMERGY analysis were applied to determine whether there will have a net benefit in environmental decision making of Nakdong River Basin. Based on the results of the environmental accounting, all alternatives which related to environmental decision making of Nakdong River Basin show that more and more of EMERGY cost becomes needed than the a EMERGY benefit from getting water to drink in the lower basin. From these results, for selecting alternatives to manage water quantity and quality that is sustainable in the environmental use and economic development, environmental accounting concepts must be considered, and the economic structure of Nakdong River Basin should be changed from the present industrial structure to social-economic based on ecological-recycling concept for the sustainable use of Nakdong River.ong River.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2007

In this study the flow duration curves for Nakdong river basin are analyzed. The TANK model is used as a hydrologic simulation model whose parameters are estimated from 8-day intervals flow data measured by NIER Nakdong River Water Environment Laboratory. As a comparison result between generated natural and present river flow, the present river flow is higher than the natural river flow in the up- and mid-stream of Nakdong river, while the present river flow is lower than the natural river flow in the down stream of Nakdong river.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1615-1624
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• 2013

The aims of this study were to investigate and confirm the occurrence and distribution patterns of blood lipid lower agents (BLLAs) in Nakdong river basin (mainstream and its tributaries). 4 (atorvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin and simvastatin) out of 5 statins and 2 (clofibric acid and zemfibrozil) out of 3 fibrates were detected in 29 sampling sites and simvastatin (>50%) was predominant compound followed by atorvastatin, lovastatin and clofibric acid. The total concentration levels of BLLAs on April, August and November 2009 in surface water samples ranged from ND~25.7 ng/L, ND~18.8 and ND to 38.8 ng/L, respectively. The highest concentration level of BLLAs in the mainstream and tributaries in Nakdong river were Goryeong and Jincheon-cheon, respectively. The sewage treatment plants (STPs) along the river affect the BLLAs levels in river and the BLLAs levels decreased with downstream because of dilution effects.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1980

To study run-off characteristics in the small watersheds in Korea, investigations had been carried out for a period of 4 years from 1972 to 1975 in the sample watersheds. The samples were selected in four major river basins such as the Han River, the Keum River, the Nakdong River and the Yongsan River. Water levels and rainfall data had been. collected from each sample area where the measuring instruments were installed. The findings of this investigation can be summarized as follows; 1. With an average runoff rate of 60% in the sample watersheds, the average runoff rate. in each sample proved to be as below; the Han River Basin : 41.4% the Keum River Basin : 61.7% the Nakdong River Basin : 69.4% the Yong San River Basin : 69.2% 2. The base flow rate in the sample watersheds proved to be 8.1 mm/month. 3. A comparison of the runoff obtained from actual measurements made and that calculated by the Kaijyama formula showed that the latter is 9.1% lower than the former.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2004

본 연구는 2003년 3월부터 2004년 2월까지 낙동강 하류지역에 도래하는 조류를 지역별로 구분하여 도래현황과 서식지 환경의 특성을 조사하였다. 조사결과 낙동강 하류에서 총 114종 94,481개체가 관찰·기록되었다. 이 중 종수와 개체수에서 대마등(Ⅰ)이 55종 21,781개체로 가장 많이 관찰되었는데 낙동강 하류의 전지역 중에서 대마등과 주변의 갯벌이 채식지와 휴식지로 좋은 조건을 갖추고 있기 때문으로 판단된다. 조류군집의 특성에서, 논병아리류는 하구언 아래(을숙도)지 역, 가마우지류는 수심 이 깊은 낙동강 본류와 서낙동강의 주변, 고니류와 혹부리오리 및 도요·물떼새는 하구언 하단부의 수심이 얕은 갯벌,수면성 오리류는 서낙동강(F)과 염막(C)지역, 잠수성 오리류는 비교적 수심이 깊고 서식 여건을 갖추고 있는 하구언 상단부와 서낙동강의 녹산수문 상단부를 주로 이용하고 있었다. 기타 산새류는 염 막(C)과 을숙도(A) 및 서낙동강(F) 지역에 많이 분포하고 있는데 이것은 을숙도 쓰레기 매립장의 인공 식재림, 일웅도의 유휴지와 염막으로 연결되는 지역으로 물새와 함께 일반 조류들의 서식공간으로 활용되고 있기 때문이라고 생각된다. 낙동강 하류지역은 낙동강 하구와 주남저수지의 사이에서 오리 기러기류의 채식지 및 휴식지로서 중요한 지역이지만 계속해서 개발의 유혹에서 벗어나지 못하는 지역 중의 한 곳이다. 이번 조사에서 나타난 결과는 수변지역으로는 대저수문지역(E), 서낙동강(F)의 녹산수문 상단부와 경작지로서는 염막(C)지역으로 인간의 간섭을 받지 않는 자연적인 서식지를 유지하면서 효과적으로 보존할 수 있는 철저한 관리가 요망되는 지역으로 판단된다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.81-92
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• 1975

Calculation of the monthly water balance for Nakdong River basin for the period from 1958 to 1968 is made by determining three components independently: precipitation, runoff and evapotranspiration. The areal precipitation is computed by the Thiessen method using the records of nine meteorological stations in the basin, and the runoff is the flow gauged at Jindong which is located on the most downstream. For the computation of evapotranspiration, the Morton method is adopted because this method is relatively fit best in the calculation of water balance among the Morton, Penman and Thornthwaite methods. The values of Morton evapotransp iration are corrected by the factor of 0.82 in the basin in order to bring the error to zero. The areal evapotranspiration is the arithmetic mean of the Morton estimates at the stations. Mean water balance components in the Nakdong river basin are 1117.0mm, 600.6mm and 516.4m for precipitation, runoff and evapotranspiration respectively. Accordingly, the mean runoff ratio comes out to be 0.54. The smallest values of runoff coefficient are due for Daegu area, while the largest ones are for the southwest of the basin with the higher rainfall and high elevations there. The amount of runoff obtained by both Thornthwaite and Budyko methods for water balance computations indicate 59 and 60 per cent of actual values which are lower than the expected. An attempt is made to find the best reliable rainfall-runoff relation among the four methods proposed by Schreiber, 01'dekop, Budyko and Sellers. The modified equation of Schreiber type for annual runoff coefficient could be obtained with the smallest mean error of 11 per cent.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.409-417
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• 2012

SWAT model was applied for the Nakdong River Basin to characterize water quality variability and assess the feasibility of using the load duration curve to water quality management. The basin was divided into 67 sub-basins considering various watershed environment, and rainfall runoff and pollutant loading were simulated based on 6 year measurements of meteo-hydrological data, discharge data of treatment plants, and water quality data (SS, T-N and T-P). The results demonstrate that non-point source loads during wet season increase by 80 ~ 95% of total loads. Although the rate of water flow governs the amount of SS that is transported to the main streams, nutrient concentrations are highly elevated during dry season by being concentrated. This phenomenon is more pronounced in the lower basin, receiving large amounts of urban point source discharges such as treated sewages. Also, the load duration curves (LDC) demonstrate dominant source problems based on the load exceedances, showing that SS concentrations are associated with the rainy season and nutrients, such as T-P, may be more concentrated at low flow and more diluted at higher flow. Overall, the LDC method could be used conveniently to assess watershed characteristics and pollutant loads in watershed scale.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2020

Eutrophication of surface waters is commonly caused by excessive inputs of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Nakdong River basin was chosen as the study area to investigate the effect of point and non-point source pollution of nitrogen on eutrophication in water body. Non-point source inputs of nitrogen accounted for approximately 84% in the total nitrogen input of the upper Nakdong river watershed, which mainly consists of agricultural land and forests. However, point source inputs of nitrogen accounted for 58~85% in the total nitrogen input of the middle and lower watersheds, including urban area. Therefore, for watershed near urban area, control of point source inputs of nitrogen may be an optimal method to control eutrophication. In this respect, the enforcing reduction of nitrogen in the final effluent of wastewater treatment facilities is needed. On the other hand, to enact more stringent nitrogen regulations, the LOT (limit of technology) and environmental impact should be considered. In this study nitrogen data were analyzed to propose new nitrogen regulations.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.540-550
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• 2013

Temporal increase of SS induces concentrations in various forms of organic matter including BOD, COD, TOC. Consequently, it causes hard to identify sources of water pollution during or after precipitation. The objective of this study is to investigate variations of DOC concentration caused by increase of flow and changes of external factors in river by comparing to SS concentration. In results, monitoring sites (e.g., Banbyeonchen) consisting of hard riverbed showed high correlation between SS and organic matters, except BOD. On the contrary, other sites (e.g., Naesungcheon) where riverbed consists of sand were found in a wide range of annual fluctuation in SS level, whereas these sites showed a narrow range in annual DOC fluctuation. In Gumhogang and Namgang, a lower correlation between SS and other factors was found most likely because of high concentration in organic matter. However, lower annual fluctuation values of DOC were observed in comparison to those of COD and TOC. Similar results were also confirmed in main river sites, Sangju and Mulgeum. In conclusion, DOC concentration is better indicator for monitoring organic matter which cannot be provided by BOD, COD, TOC in the Nakdong river basin.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2020

Tributary is a part of life space for people and a very important place that accommodates rest recreation and other daily activities. absolutely insufficient basic data about water quality and flow rate are available for basin management. Efficient water and basin management systems, which are also supported by local residents can be established by securing such basic data of major tributaries in the Nakdong river system. In this study, the fluctuation characteristics of upstream and downstream water pollution levels were compared using the measurement results of the water environment measurement network and the tributary monitoring project for the gyeseong-stream and Hwapo-stream in the Nakdong-miryang watershed. In 2017, when water pollution is the highest, it was confirmed that the annual average rainfall was the lowest. Although the upstream and downstream water quality tendencies of the Gyeseong-stream are similar, the water quality concentrations of the Gyeseong-stream are relatively different. But although the Hwapo stream has various causes of pollution, there was not much difference in the level of pollution between the upper and lower streams. In addition, both rivers need the ability to purify rivers by securing sufficient water for river maintenance, and if the correlation between water quality items can be inferred through continuous monitoring of tributaries where the aspect of water quality change is unclear, water quality management Determined to be efficient operation.