• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.289-290
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 중첩된 반복문에서 레이블을 사용하지 않고 프로그램의 흐름을 제어하는 개선된 문법구조를 제안한다. 또한 명시적으로 반복문의 종료 상태를 확인하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법을 사용하면 흐름 파악이 쉬운 프로그램을 작성할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2010

복주머니난(Cypripedium)속 식물은 우리나라에 광릉요강꽃을 비롯하여 털복주머니난, 흰털복주머니란, 복주머니란, 노랑복주머니란등 5종이 분포하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 광릉요강꽃과 털복주머니란 두 종은 환경부에서 지정한 멸종위기 식물 1급과 2급에 지정되어 보호를 받고 있고 나머지 3종은 제도적으로도 보호를 받지 못하는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 충분히 성숙한 털복주머니난과 복주머니난의 종자에 NaOCl처리를 하여 발아율을 향상시킬수 있었는데 이러한 전처리가 발아에 미치는 원인에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 털복주머니란의 무균적인 종자발아는 1.0% NaOCl 처리구에서 70% 이상의 종자발아율을 보였으며, POM배지가 MS배지보다 신초분화가 양호했다. GA3와 활성탄(Activated charcoal)의 혼합첨가는 신초증식에 효과적이었다. 신초분화 후 저온처리는 신초의 증식 율을 증가시켰다. 한편 NaOCl 농도(0, 1, 3, 5, 10%)와 NaOCl 처리시간(0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60분)에 따라서 복주머니란의 종자발아를 확인한 결과, NaOCl 1%를 30분간 처리하였을 때 가장 높은 발아율을 나타냈다. NaOCl을 처리하여 종자의 종피상태를 SEM과 TEM으로 관찰한 결과 NaOCl의 처리는 종피 세포벽의 부분적 해리 및 작은 구멍을 만들게 하였는데 이러한 종피의 물리화학적 변화가 물과 양분의 이동을 원활히 하여 종자의 발아를 촉진하는 것으로 사료된다. 복주머니난의 신초분화에 미치는 casein과 활성탄의 효과를 알아본 결과 casein 200 mg/L와 활성탄 200 mg/L를 혼합 첨가한 실험구에서 가장 높은 신초분화율을 보였다. 토양순화 후 생존률은 극히 저조했으며 30 개체중에 5 개체만이 다음해 어린동아를 싹틔우는 것을 확인 하였다. 본 결과들을 종합하여 보면 멸종위기식물, 특히 털복주머니란과 복주머니란의 조직배양을 통해서 서식지외 보존방안(기내증식)에 관해 가능성을 제시하였다고 생각되어 진다.

• Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.267-276
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• 2018

This study was performed to investigate the ameliorating effect of a hangover beverage mixture (SBJ) that contains Dendropanax morbifera Lev. and several medicinal plant extracts, on hepatoprotection and alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in alcohol-induced hangover in both in vitro and in vivo models. In human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, 300 mM of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity was significantly improved by pretreatment of SBJ by dose-dependent manner. In the in vivo study, administration of alcohol to rats raised to the concentration of blood alcohol and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Blood alcohol and LDH levels in SBJ-treated rats significantly decreased at 0.5 h and 8 h after acute ethanol administration (40%, 4.6 g/kg body weight) as compared to alcohol-treated rats. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity were significantly higher in SBJ-treated rats than in alcohol-treated rats. SBJ supplementation reduced formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), and inhibited reductions of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels, compared with rats administered alcohol. Plasma catalase (CAT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels showed unaltered resulted in all experimental groups compared with the control group. These results suggest that SBJ exhibit hepatoprotective properties by enhancing ADH, ALDH activity and stimulating the antioxidant defense system in alcohol-induced hangover.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.384-395
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a novel formulation of an herbal extracts has an inhibitory effect on obesity. To determine its anti-obesity effects, we performed anti-obesity-related experiments in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of herbal extracts using a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model and 3T3-L1 adipose cells. The effects of each herbal extracts on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells were examined using Oil Red O staining. Results showed that treatment with each herbal extracts at $10{\sim}100{\mu}g/ml$ had no effect on cell morphology and viability. Without evidence of toxicity, herbal extracts treatment decreased lipid accumulation compared with the untreated adipocytes controls as shown by the lower absorbance of Oil Red O stain. Futhermore, compared with control-differentiated mature adipocytes, each herbal extracts significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In the HFD-fed obese mice, body weight, liver weight and white adipose tissue weights were significantly reduced by mixture of herbal extracts administration in mouse skin. Futhermore, we found that mixture of herbal extracts administration suppressed serum triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TCHO) in HFD-induced obese mouse model. The mixture of herbal extracts of permeability was estimated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value in pig skin. The optimized formulations of herbal extracts (Test 3 formulation) showed skin permeation. However, test 1 formulation containing essential oil as enhancer showed maximum skin permeation. After confirming the enhanced skin permeability, in vivo studies were performed to assess whether skin irritation potential on the basis of a primary irritation index (PII) in rabbit skin. Reactions were scored for erythema/edema reactions at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post-application. It was concluded that the test 1 formulation was not irritation (PII = 0). The present study suggests that the test 1 formulation might be of therapeutic interest with respect to the treatment of obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.832-839
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• 2021

We tried to investigate the effects of substituent position, temperature, and additives such as NaCl and n-butanol on the solubilizations of cresol isomers by tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The measured solubilization constants (K_s) values for each cresol isomer increased in the order o-cresolo and ∆H^o values for the solubilizations of cresols were all negative values but the ∆S^o values were all positive values within the measured ranges. The values of ∆G^o increased also with increasing the concentration of n-butanol but decreased with increasing the concentration of NaCl. From these facts, we could conclude that both the enthalpy and entropy changes contribute together for the solubilizations of cresols isomers by cationic surfactant of TTAB and they are solubilized in the polar palisade region or at the surface of micelle.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2012

The interaction of 4-alkylbenzoic acid isomers with the micellar system of TTAB (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide) was studied by the UV/Vis spectrophotometric method. The solubilization constants ($K_s$) of 4-alkylbenzoic acid isomers into the TTAB micellar system and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of TTAB have been measured with the change of temperature. Various thermodynamic parameters have been calculated and analyzed from those measurements. The results show that the values of ${\Delta}G^o{_s}$ for the solubilization of all the isomers are negative and the values of ${\Delta}H^o{_s}$ and ${\Delta}S^o{_s}$ are all positive within the measured temperature range. The effects of additives (n-butanol and NaCl) on the solubilization of 4-alkylbenzoic acid isomers have been also measured. There was a great change on the values of $K_s$ and CMC simultaneously with these additives. From these changes we can postulate that the solubilization sites of 4-alkylbenzoic acids are the core or deep palisade region of the TTAB micelle.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1984

The followings are the results obtained from the investigation of isolation and cultural conditions of a fungus producing antibiotic from humus, spring soil, paddy, field and etc. 1. Among fungi which were capable of antimicrobial sub stance producing at the $45^{\circ}C$, Strain H-3 was selected as test st rain because of its efficiency in antimicrobial substance producing. 2. Strain H-3 was identified as a Aspergullus fumigatus by the mophological properties. 3. The compositions of optimun media for the production of antimicrobial substance were followed;glucose 20g, $NaNO_3$ 3g, $K_2HPO_4$ 1g, $CaCl_2$ 0.5g, $MgSo_4$ 0.5g, $FeSO_4$ 0.005g. 4. Optimum culture conditions were founded to be pH 5.0, $40^{\circ}C$ respectively. 5. The maximum antimicrobial substance producing obtained in this study was showed 14mm of clear zone after 72 hrs incubation under the optimum conditions. 6. AF-c substance was active against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast but not mold in its biological properties.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2004

The primary goal of six sigma is to improve patient satisfaction, and thereby profitability, by reducing and eliminating defects. Defects may be related to any aspect of customer satisfaction: high product quality, schedule adherence, cost minimization, process capability indices, defects per unit, and yield. Many six sigma metrics can be mathematically related to the others. Literally, six means six standard deviations from the mean or median value. As applied to quality metrics, the term indicates that failures are at least six standard deviations from the mean or norm. This would mean about 3.4 failures per million opportunities for failure. The objective of six sigma quality is to reduce process output variation so that on a long term basis, which is the customer's aggregate experience with our process over time, this will result in no more than 3.4 defect Parts Per Million(PPM) opportunities (or 3.4 Defects Per Million Opportunities. For a process with only one specification limit (upper or lower), this results in six process standard deviations between the mean of the process and the customer's specification limit (hence, 6 Sigma). The results of applicative six sigma experiment studied on 18 items TP, ALB, T.B, ALP, AST, ALT, CL, CK, LD, K, Na, CRE, BUN, T.C, GLU, AML, CA tests in clinical chemistry were follows. Assessment of process performance fits within six sigma tolerance limits were TP, ALB, T.B, ALP, AST, ALT, CL, CK, LD, K, Na, CRE, BUN, T.C, GLU, AML, CA with 72.2%, items that fit within five sigma limits were total bilirubin, chloride and sodium were 3 sigma. We were sure that the goal of six sigma would reduce test variation in the process.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.699-704
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• 2000

A study has been made for the electrochemical destruction of cyanide ions and removal of zinc ions from a simulated electroplating wastewater by the use of a platinum platized-titanium anode and a stainless steel cathode. Several experimental parameters, including electrolysis time, cell current, additives, and chloride concentration, have been investigated and used for efficient destruction of cyanide waste and removal of zinc ions from aqueous solutions. It was found that cell current and type of additives gave great effects on the destruction of cyanide ions and removal of zinc ions. The optimized conditions (electrolysis time: 1hr, current: 12A, additive: 0.5 M NaCl) have been defined to destroy cyanide ions and remove zinc ions with high efficiency and low operation cost. The proper reaction mechanism leading to the destruction of cyanide on the anode has also been discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of oxalic acid by manganese (Mn) doped-granular activated carbon (GAC). In order to observe the effect of the amount of Mn doped on GAC, catalysts were manufactured by varying the impregnated Mn concentration. In this paper, the following had labeled all sorts kinds of Mn-doped GAC were labeled with suitable names according to the amount (mM) of the concentration of dipping solution: They were each named as 'Mn20', 'Mn50', 'Mn100' and 'Mn200'. These experiments were performed in a batch reactor (0.5 L) and a semi-batch reactor (1 L) and Mn-free GAC was used as a blank catalyst. The ozone decay properties of each manufactured catalyst were firstly investigated to find out the reactivity between the aqueous ozone and the catalysts. Oxalic acid removal by catalytic ozonation was then performed to demonstrate the oxidative efficiencies of each catalyst.