• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2002

The removal performance of copper ion was studied using Na-P1 zeolites synthesized from Jeju scoria. The scoria which is found in large amounts in Jeju Island, was sampled at four regions, Jeju-shi Bonggae-dong(A). Pukcheju-gun Hanlim-eup Sangmyong-ri Mangoreum(B), Pukcheju-gun Hanlim-eup Keumag-ri(C) and Namcheju-gun Andeok-myun Dongkwang-ri(D). Synthetic Na-P1 zeolites used in this study were more effective than natural zeolite and scoria for the removal of copper ion. The removal performances of copper ion decreased in the order of Na-P1(D) > Na-P1(C) > Na-P1(B) > Na-P1(A) among Na-P1 synthesized from the scoria according to region. These results showed the same trend with cation exchange capacity(CEC) for each synthetic zeolite, i.e., the synthetic Na-P1 zeolite with a higher CEC showed a higher removal performance. The effective diffusion coefficients of copper ion by synthetic Na-P1 zeolites were one hundred and ten times higher than those by a pure zeolite 4A and the zeolite A synthesized from coal fly ash, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.232-237
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of NaOH fusion treatment on Na-P1 zeolite synthesis from fly ash and to evaluate its optimal condition. NaOH fusion treatment of fly ash led to Na-P1 zeolite with shorter reaction time and higher quality compared that of simple hydrothermal method. Mixed zeolite phases of Na-P1 and hydroxy sodalite were formed by the fusion treatment below $450^{\circ}C$, whereas only Na-P1 zeolite was formed above $550^{\circ}C$. Ratio of NaOH/fly ash, reaction times, fusion temperature and solid/liquid ratio strongly affected the kind and crystallinity of the zeolite formed. The CEC of Na-P1 zeolite formed at the optimum reaction conditions of NaOH/fly ash ratio 0.9 and solid/liquid ratio $1/5.0{\sim}1/7.5$ after NaOH fusion treatment at $550^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours was about $398cmol^+kg^{-1}$ which was 40% higher than those of control products. Therefore, it is clear that NaOH fusion treatment of fly ash in open system could lead to Na-P1 zeolite with high purity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.551-556
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of NaCl concentration on the physicochemical properties of pork emulsion. Pork emulsion was produced containing 0% (control), 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5% NaCl. Proximate composition of pork emulsion containing 1.5% NaCl showed the highest moisture content (P<0.05). The ash contents of pork emulsion increased with an increase in NaCl, and protein contents decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. The pH levels of uncooked pork emulsion containing 0.9%, 1.2%, and 1.5% NaCl were lower than those of other treatments (P<0.05), and the pH level of cooked pork emulsion containing NaCl was lower than that of the control (P<0.05). The CIE $L^*$ value of the uncooked pork emulsion samples containing NaCl was higher than that of the control (P<0.05), whereas CIE $a^*$ and CIE $b^*$ values of samples with NaCl were lower than the control (P<0.05). CIE $L^*$ and CIE $b^*$ values of cooked pork emulsion decreased with an increase in NaCl level, and CIE $a^*$ value increased with increasing NaCl concentration (P<0.05). Viscosity of the pork emulsion increased with an increase in NaCl. Texture profile analysis of pork emulsion containing NaCl showed no significant difference in springiness or cohesiveness (P>0.05). Pork emulsion containing 1.5% NaCl showed the highest hardness, gumminess, and chewiness (P<0.05). These results suggest that pork emulsion containing 0.9% and 1.2% NaCl can be used as a low-salt meat product.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 1990

화산 유리질 암석을 출발 물질로 사용하여 저온 ($80^{\circ}C$)에서 수열 처리하여 Na-P Na-X 및 Na-A 제올라이트를 합성하였다. 합성과정은 (1) 유리질 분말 시료와 알칼리 용액과의 용해.변질 반응에 의한 1차적인 Na-P의 합성 방식과 (2) 여기서 잔류된 규산질 모액에 Al(OH)3나 NaAlO2의 수용액을 공급하여 보다 고순도의 Na-P, Na-X 및 Na-A를 효과적으로 합성할 수 있었다. 원암의 암상과 조성은 제올라이트들의 화학 조성과 순도 및 백색도같은 물리적 특성에는 영향을 주지만, 합성된 제올라이트의 광물종을 규제하는 주된 요인은 아닌 것으로 해석된다. 합성된 제올라이트의 광물상은 반응 용액의 pH, Al(OH)4 및 Na+에 대한 농도 조건에 주로 의존되는 경향을 나타낸다. 또한 화산 유리질 암석을 제올라이트 합성원료로 활용하는 데에 있어서 (2)와 같음 합성 방안이 보완적으로 시행되면 그 생산성과 효율성을 제고시킬 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 1995

The effect of ${\alpha}_1$-adrenoceptor(${\alpha}_1$-AR) stimulation on intracellular pH($pH_i$), $Na^+$ activity($a_{Na}{^i}$) and contractility were investigated in isolated papillary muscles of euthyroid or hyperthyroid guinea pig with conventional microelectrode, $Na^+$ or $H^+$-selective microelectrodes, and tension transducer. Stimulation of the ${\alpha}_1$-AR by phenylephrine produced a decrease in $a_{Na}{^i}$ in euthyroid preparations. This decrease in $a_{Na}{^i}$ was abolished in presence of PKC activator, phorbol dibutyrate, and increased contrary to decrease. Phenylephrine also increased $a_{Na}{^i}$ in hyperthyroid ones. However, phenylrephtine produced an increase in $pH_i$ in both euthyroid and hyperthyroid ones. These changes were blocked by prazosin, an antagonist of ${\alpha}_1$-AR. These findings suggest that the changes in $a_{Na}{^i}$ and $pH_i$ are mediated by a stimulation of $Na^+-H^+$ exchange via ${\alpha}_1$-AR stimulation. This study focused on the increase in $a_{Na}{^i}$, $pH_i$ and contractility. The increase in $pH_i$ was blocked by amiloride or EIPA, $Na^+-H^+$ exchange inhibitors. Therefore, the increase in $a_{Na}{^i}$ and $pH_i$ mediated by ${\alpha}_1$-AR appeared to be due to an influx of $Na^+$ and a reduction of $H^+$ through $Na^+-H^+$ exchange. This study also revealed that the increase in $pH_i$ and $a_{Na}{^i}$ might be related to the sustained positive inotropic response. The $a_{Na}{^i}$ increase may contribute to the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ through the $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange, and the $pH_i$ increase could cause an increase in the $Ca^{2+}$ sensitivity of myofilaments and may augment the ${\alpha}_1$-AR-mediated positive inotropic response.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.262-267
• /
• 2016

Physicochemical characteristics of chicken-thigh emulsion manufactured with different concentrations of NaCl (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5%) were examined. Moisture and ash contents of samples containing 1.2% and 1.5% NaCl were significantly higher than those of the other samples (p<0.05). Protein contents decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. The pH values of batters significantly decreased with increasing NaCl concentration (p<0.05). The lightness values of uncooked and cooked samples showed an upward trend with increasing concentration of NaCl. Redness and yellowness values of uncooked batters containing 1.2% and 1.5% NaCl were significantly lower than other samples (p<0.05). The cooking yield and viscosity of the samples increased with increasing NaCl concentration. Samples containing 1.2% and 1.5% NaCl showed higher viscosities than the controls and samples containing 0.3-0.9% NaCl. Therefore, it can be concluded that addition 1.2% NaCl in chicken thigh products is beneficial.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.171-185
• /
• 2000

Siliceous mudstones are embedded on a large scale in the Tertiary formations of Pohang area. Some useful zeolites such as NsP, (Na, TMA)P, analcime and hydroxysodalite were synthesized from the siliceous mudstones by treating with the variety of solution, i.e ., NaOH, NaOH+NaCl, NaOH, NaOH+$NaAlO_2$and NaOH+TMAOH at the low-temperature hydrothermal system ranging 60~12$0^{\circ}C$. Major precursor of zeolites is found as opal-CT in the zeolite-forming reaction. Smectite, which is included in considerable amounts in the mudstone, appears to play a major role of Al-source in the zeolite synthesis. In comparison, chalcedonic quartz and mica are rather insoluble in alkaline solution, and thus, these are observed as major impurities in the reaction products. An addition of $NaAlO_2$to NaOH solution is effective for eliminating these impurities in the reaction procedure, through these are partly dissolved when elevating the reaction temperature, concentration, and time. Phase change from NaP to hydroxysodalite takes place at the NaOH concentrations of 3.0~4.0 M, and the reaction is not sensitive to the temperature shift. NaP is more stable at lower NaOH concentration and higher activity of $Na_{+}$ whereas analcime is sensitive to the temperature change and stable at higher than $100^{\circ}C$ and 2.0~4.0 M in NaOH concentration. For the pure NaP synthesis without any other products, the treatment of mudstones with 1:1 solution of NaOH and $NaAlO _2$ turns out to be quite effective. NaP was successfully synthesized together with analcime at $100^{\circ}C$ as well as lower concentrations of NaOH+NaCl solution. In addition, the organic type, (Na, TMA)P was formed together with smectite in the 1:1 solution of NaOH and TMAOH.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2000

The present invention relates to a absorption rotor for removed VOC(volatile organic compound) and humidity in semiconductor clean room system. A absorption rotor medium is made by NaX zeolite and TS-1 zeolite formed on a honeycomb matrix of ceramic papers. The crystallization of NaX zeolite was hydrothermal reaction, and NaX zeolite crystals of a uniform particle size of 5$\mu$m were synthesized that NaX zeolite seed crystals (2~3$\mu$m) added in a batch composition at levels of 3~15 wt$\%$. The seeding resulted in an increase in the fraction of large crystals compared with unseeded batches and successfully led to a uniform NaX zeolite crystal. The microporous zeolite-type titanosilicate(TS-1) was synthesized by different of the reactant solution pH. The pH range of reactant solution has been changed from 10.0 to 11.5 TS-1 zeolite (ETS-10), having a large pore(8~10 $\AA$), was synthesized at 10.4 of pH, since TS-1 zeolite (ETS-4), having a small pore(3~5$\AA$), was synthesized at 11.5 of pH.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.343-350
• /
• 1995

Samples from the L, F, H and $A_1$ horizons of the Phragmites longivalvis grassland were collected in a delta of the Nakdong River and the removal rates of N, P, K, Ca and Na were investigated. The results obtained in this study can be abstracted as follows; The removal fractions of N, P, K, Ca and Na of the litter were 0.56, 1.22, 1.95, 0.65 and 0.53, respectively. The half times of N, P, K, Ca and Na required for the remove or accumulation of the litter on the grassland floor were 1.23, 0.57, 0.36, 1.06 and 1.32 years, respectively. The increasing order of the turnover parameters of the elements was Na, N, Ca, P and K.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.15-35
• /
• 1983

High voltage paper-electrophoresis of fission products from 24 hour neutron-irradiated and 150 days-decayed 90% highly enriched uranyl nitrate solution has been carried out by using the specially designed migration apparatus. The separation of Zr-95 and Nb-95 from the other fission products is possible under the migration condition of 0.1 $M-HClO_4$ (pH=0.85), 0.05 M-HCl+0.09M-KCl (pH=0.9), 0.1M-HCl (pH=1.1) and 0.01 M-HCl (pH=2.0). Zr-95 and Nb-95 are separated out at+1cm from the fiducial point. The separation of Zr-95 and Nb-95 from each other is possible under the migration condition of 0.1 $M-HClO_4$, 0.05 M-HCl+0.09 M-KCl, 0.1 M-HCl and 0.1 M-HAc+0.1 M-NaAc (pH=4.68) together with 2% ammonium oxalate. Nb-95 is separated out at $-6{\sim}-7cm$ from the fiducial point and Zr-95 at $+1{\sim}-lcm$. The separation of Ru-103 from the other fission products is possible under the migration condition of 0.025 $M-Na_2CO_3+0.025\;M-NaHCO_3$ (pH=10.0), 0.01M-$Na_3PO_4$ (pH=11.7) and 0.1 M-NaOH (pH=13.2). Ru-103 migrates towards the anode -6cm, -4cm and -3cm, respectively.