• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1354-1360
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• 2006

Maize-soybean meal diets with 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg double zero rapeseed meal ('00' RSM) with and without an enzyme mixture (xylanase, pectinase, cellulase) at a level of 1.6 g/kg were evaluated with 624 day-old broiler chicks for 5 weeks. The birds were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with three replicates of 26 birds each. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) were recorded weekly and ileal viscosity, organ weights, serum enzyme activity, hormonal profile and hematological parameters were measured at the end of week 5. Average daily gain during the weekly periods was significantly influenced by the dietary level of '00'RSM (p<0.01). Inclusion of '00' RSM improved the ADG up to day 28 with the increased level; beyond that time no improvement was recorded when compared to control groups. However, ADG from 1-35 days was significantly different between 300 g/kg inclusion level of '00' RSM and the control diet. Inconsistent decline in feed intake and feed conversion ratio was observed up to day 21 and the trend was reversed thereafter. The proportion of '00' RSM in the diet had a significant ($p{\leq}0.05$) influence on thyroid weight but had no effect on the relative weights of liver and heart, serum enzyme activities (${\gamma}$-glutamyl transferase, alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase), thyroid hormones ($T_3$ and $T_4$), hemoglobin level and hematocrit. Significant improvement in ADG was recorded during the 2nd week of age with the addition of enzyme, whereas for all other periods, including the whole period of the trial, higher but non-significant ADG was observed. FI and FCR were not affected by the addition of enzyme but there was a numerical reduction in FCR during the whole period. The addition of enzyme reduced the ileal viscosity at all levels of '00' RSM inclusion. The results suggest that '00' RSM can be included up to 300 g/kg in broiler diets without any adverse effects on health and performance. The addition of commercial enzyme mixture containing xylanase, pectinase, cellulase to broiler diets containing '00'RSM has some effect on growth rate and feed conversion efficiency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1198-1204
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with multiple enzymes composed of phytase plus carbohydrolases (ROVABIO$^{(R)}$ Max, RM) on growth performance, nutritional availability and intestinal viscosity in broiler chicks. A total of one thousand, one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly allotted into treatment groups that received one of five experimental diets for 32 days. Each group consisted of 40 birds and all experiments included five replicates. The dietary treatments included PC (a positive control diet), NC1 (65 kcal/kg, 0.15% and 0.10% less ME, available phosphorus and calcium levels, respectively, than the PC diet), NC2 (85 kcal/kg, 0.20% and 0.10% less ME, available phosphorus and calcium levels, respectively, than the PC diet), NC1+RM (NC1 plus ROVABIO$^{(R)}$ Max) and NC2+RM (NC2 plus ROVABIO$^{(R)}$ Max). The average body weights, daily body weight gains and feed conversion rates of the chicks fed a diet containing RM improved significantly or tended to improve. The treatments also had no effect on the carcass characteristics or blood parameters, but the viscosity of the intestinal contents of the chicks fed the diet containing RM was significantly lower than that of chicks in the NC without RM groups. Additionally, chicks fed the dietary RM showed increased breaking strength and ash content of the tibia when compared to chicks that received the non-RM diets. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that the addition of multiple enzymes consisting of phytase plus NSP enzymes improved the growth performance and mineral status of the tibia in broiler chickens fed corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diets with reduced levels of nutrients. Further, these findings suggest that the improved animal performance is associated with reduced intestinal viscosity by the dietary enzyme complex.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.740-749
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• 2009

본 연구는 ultra-fine pulverizer 또는 nano-scale pulverizer로 초미세분쇄시켜 입자크기가 감소된 옥수수전분의 섭취로 인한 생리적 기능성을 탐색한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 각 실험식이군의 식이 섭취량은 UFC군, NAC군은 차이가 없었으며, NSC군에서 유의하게 낮았다. NSC군의 식이 섭취량이 낮았음에도 불구하고 체중증가량이 많아 식이효율은 NSC군에서 가장 높았다. 2) 간, 신장의 무게는 UFC군 > NSC군 > NAC군순으로 높았다. 3) 소장의 무게는 UFC군이 NAC군에 비해 유의하게 높았으며, 소장의 길이는 각 실험군에서 유의적인 차이가 없었으며 맹장의 무게 및 장통과 시간도 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 4) 맹장내 단쇄지방산의 함량은 NSC군이 UFC군이나 NAC군에 비해 유의하게 높아 장내 미생물에 의한 발효가 활성화되고 있었으며 장내 Bifidobacterium 증식도 NSC군이 다른 군에 비해 활발하였다. 5) 소장세포의 증식은 NSC군에서 낮았다. 이상의 결과로 볼때 nano-scale로 입자의 크기가 감소된 옥수수 전분은 소화흡수율을 증가시켜 성장능력을 증진하는 것으로 나타났으며, Bifidobacterium 증식 촉진, 단쇄 지방산 생성을 촉진하는 효과를 갖고 있어 상대적인 영양밀도를 높이는 기능성을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 장기능이 미숙한 유아기, 장기능이 불완전하거나 미약한 환자, 노인등의 특수목적 영양식의 기본재료로 활용될 수 있음을 제안한다.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.73-106
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• 2010

이 글에서는 1998년부터 2008년까지 IP 공유기 논쟁에서 나타난 연관사회집단의 해석적 주장을 기술하고 그 충돌의 내용을 분석한다. 논쟁에 등장하는 5개의 연관사회집단은 네트워크회사(NSP), 장비제조회사, 일반사용자, SOHO 사용자 그리고 정부이다. 네트워크회사는 네트워크의 부담이 된다는 이유를 들어 IP 공유기 사용을 제한하는 인터넷접속서비스 약관조항을 만들었다. 이 약관에 따르면 사용자는 IP 공유기를 사용하기 위해 추가요금을 지불해야 했다. IP 공유기 장비제조회사와 사용자들은 IP 공유기 사용의 정당성을 주장했고, 사용자들은 아무도 그 약관을 준수하지 않았으며 네트워크회사에 추가 장비의 사용을 신고하지도 않았다. 네트워크회사는 IP 공유기 감시 장비를 개발했지만 추가비용을 부과하기 쉽지 않았다. 정부는 네트워크회사 약관의 정당성을 승인했으나, IP공유기 사용의 정당성도 인정해야 했다. 이 과정에서 사용자들은 인터넷접속서비스의 정의 문제와 사용자의 범위 문제를 제기했다. 이 논쟁은 단순히 어떤 단말장비에 대한 사용제한 문제가 아니라, 단말장비와 네트워크 사이의 상호 관계로 인한 분투1)를 제시하고 있다. 그 분투의 과정은 또한 사용자의 개입을 뚜렷이 보여주는데, 네트워크회사와 장비제조회사의 각 기술프레임 내에, 사용자 주장의 일부가 위임되고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 논쟁의 종결을 정의하기 위해서, 네트워크회사와 장비제조회사의 이질적인 기술프레임을 도출하고 그 상응관계를 제시했다. 이 논쟁은 상이한 기술프레임의 충돌이며, 네트워크 접속에 대한 사회적 관념의 문제와 연결되어 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1732-1741
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• 2013

Two experiments were conducted to determine physical and chemical properties of vermicelli waste (VW) and effect of VW inclusion levels on growth performance of broilers. In experiment 1, VW samples were randomly collected from vermicelli industry in Thailand to analyze nutritional composition. Vermicelli waste contained 9.96% moisture, 12.06% CP, 32.30% crude fiber (CF), and 0.57% ether extract (EE), as DM basis. The ratio of insoluble:soluble non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) was 43.4:8.9. A total of 120 chicks (6 pens per treatment and 10 chicks per pen) were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet or 20% VW substituted diet to determine the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention ($AME_n$) of VW. The $AME_n$ of VW was $1,844.7{\pm}130.71$ kcal/kg. In experiment 2, a total of 1,200 chicks were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments for 42-d growth assay. There were 300 chicks with 6 pens per treatment and 50 chicks per pen. The dietary treatments contained 0%, 5%, 10%, or 15% VW, respectively. All diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. From 0 to 18 d of age chicks fed VW diets had higher (p<0.001) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with those fed the control diet. No difference was observed during grower and finisher phase (19 to 42 d). Chicks fed VW diets had lower relative weight of abdominal fat (p<0.001) but higher relative weight of gizzard (p<0.05) than those of chicks fed the control diet. Increasing VW inclusion levels increased ileal digesta viscosity (p<0.05) and intestinal villus height of chicks (p<0.001). For apparent total tract digestibility assay, there were 4 metabolic cages of 6 chicks that were fed experimental treatment diets (the same as in the growth assay) in a 10-d total excreta collection. Increasing VW inclusion levels linearly decreased (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of DM and CF.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2013

The primary goal of this study was to compute sample sizes required to achieve the each aim of a variety of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) surveillance programs, using a statistically valid technique that takes the following factors into account: sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of diagnostic test system, desired minimum detectable prevalence, precision, population size, and desired power of the survey. In addition, sample sizes to detect FMD if the disease is present and also as proof of freedom were computed. The current FMD active surveillance programs consist of clinical, virological, and serological surveillance. For the 2012 serological surveillance, annual sample sizes (n = 265,065) are planned at four separate levels: statistical (n = 60,884) and targeted (n = 115,232) at breeding pig farms and slaughter house, in together with the detection of structural proteins (SP) antibodies against FMD (n = 88,949). Overall, the sample size was not designed taking the specific aims of each surveillance stream into account. The sample sizes for statistical surveillance, assuming stratified two-stage sampling technique, was based to detect at least one FMD-infected case in the general population. The resulting sample size can be used to obtain evidence of freedom from FMD infection, not for detecting animals that have antibodies against FMD virus non-structural proteins (NSP). Additionally, sample sizes for targeted surveillance were not aimed for the population at risk, and also without consideration of statistical point of view. To at least the author's knowledge, sampling plan for targeted, breeding pig farms and slaughter house is not necessary and need to be included in the part of statistical surveillance. Assuming design prevalence of 10% in an infinite population, a total of 29 animals are required to detect at least one positive with probability of 95%, using perfect diagnostic test system (Se = Sp = 100%). A total of 57,211 animals needed to be sampled to give 95% confidence of estimating SP prevalence of 80% at the individual animal-level with a precision of ${\pm}5%$, assuming 800 herds with an average 200 heads per farm, within-farm variance of 0.2, between-farm variance of 0.05, cost ratio of 100:1 of farm against animals. Furthermore, 779,736 animals were required to demonstrate FMD freedom, and the sample size can further be reduced depending on the parameters assumed.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.179-194
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• 2023

ASEAN은 BRICs에 이어 차세대 시장으로 부상하고 있다. 우리나라에 있어서도 ASEAN은 제2의 교역 파트너이자 세 번째 해외투자 대상으로서, 중요한 경제협력 파트너이다. ASEAN은 앞으로의 미래 투자지역으로 많은 기업에게 매력적인 사업지로 주목받고 있다. 이에 따라, 한국 정부는 ASEAN과 협력관계를 발전시켜나가기 위해 "신(新) 남방 정책"을 강력하게 추진하여 상호 관계를 강화하고 있다. ASEAN이 최근 해운물류 개발의 중심지역으로 떠오르면서 주변국들 또한 ASEAN 지역의 국가들에 대한 해운 물류 분야의 개발협력과 지원을 집중적으로 하게 되었다. 우리나라 기업 또한 신남방 지역으로의 진출에 적극적이고 이러한 진출을 정부가 지원하고 있다. ASEAN 국가에 진출하기 위해서는 진출 대상국에 대한 투자 및 유치 제도와 외국 법인에 대한 법적인 지원 범위 등을 파악하여야 사업 진입 및 진출 전략을 위한 해당 시장에 대해 정확히 반영할 수 있다. 이러한 해외 진출 리스크를 회피하기 위해서는 각 국의 해외 직접 투자 및 외국 법인 설립 등 현지에 맞는 사업 방법의 선정과 회사 설립 방법에 대한 기초적인 이해는 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 해양 ASEAN 국가에 진입하고자 하는 해운 물류 유관 기업들의 해외투자법 및 기업설립법의 이해를 도모하여 이러한 규정이 진입 장벽이 되지 않도록 하기 위해 제도를 분석하고, 해운 물류 기업의 해외 투자를 위한 방안을 제시하고자 한다.