• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2004

Ten improved mulberry varieties (Vl, C1730, C2016, C2017, Anantha, RFS-175, Thallaghatapura, Vishala, S1 and S1635) were evaluated through enzyme assay and estimation of soluble protein content followed by regression analysis, grown under irrigated conditions in the alluvial soils of Gangetic plains of West Bengal in India for five successive crops in a year, The nitrate reductase (EC No. 1.6.6.1) activity (NRA, $\mu$mol N $O_2$- $h^{-1}$ $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), total soluble protein (mg $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.) was estimated which showed to vary significantly in the tested varieties. In addition to these, the other parameters like unit leaf fresh and dry weight (g), moisture ％, unit leaf area ($\textrm{cm}^2$), specific leaf weight (g c $m^{-2}$ ), total soluble sugar (mg $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), leaf yield/plant (kg), shoot yield/plant (kg) and net photosynthetic rate (NPR, $\mu$㏖ $m^{2}$ $s^{-1}$ ) were also studied which showed to vary significantly in tested varieties. Among them, S1635, haying higher NRA (13.25 $\mu$㏖ N $O_2$- $h^{-l}$ $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), total soluble protein (39.63mg $g^{-1}$ fr, wt.), NPR(16.66 $\mu$㏖ $m^{-2}$ $s^{-1}$ ), total soluble sugar (48.44 mg $g^{-1}$ fr. wt.), leaf yield/plant (0.689 kg) and shoot yield/plant (1.135 kg) showed its superiority over other tested varieties. Regression and correlation coefficients were analysed, and a strong positive correlation was found between NRA ＆ total soluble protein, NRA ＆ NPR, NRA ＆ total soluble sugar, NRA af unit leaf weight, NRA ＆ specific leaf weight, NRA ＆ leaf yield/plant, NRA ＆ shoot yield/plant, NPR ＆ leaf yield and NPR ＆ specific leaf weight.t.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 1992

Nitrate reductase activity(NRA) and induced NRA were compared in 4 species of moss ctenidium molluscum, homalothecium, tortella tortusa and neckera crispa collected from limestone in england. the NRA and dry weight of the c. molluscum were also measured after spraying with acidic deposition adjusted to ph 5.6, 4.6, 3.6 and 2.8 with one of two molar ratios of nitric to sulfuric acid, i.e. 1:0(N alone) and 1:2(1N+2S) for 20 days. All 4 species showed high NR leavels in the upper part of cut shoots and occurred maximum inducation of NRA within 6h. c. molluscum had the highest NRA levels among 4 species. after daily spraying of acidic deposition, NRA of c. molluscum was increased much more largely at ph 6 and ph 3.6 derived from N alone than from 1N+2S. However that was decreased at ph 2.8 derived both from N alone and 1N+2S . Decline of dry weight had occurred at ph 3.6 and 2.8 derived both from N alone and 1N+2S. Whereas substantial fertilization effect was observed at ph 4.6 derived from N alone. the data suggest that c. molluscum are able to utilize nitrate more effectivery than any other species, and NRA induction are more sensitive than growth response to nitrogen content of acidicdeposition in a short- term. however toxic effects was detected at high $NO_3$ supply and low phacidic deposition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2000

Up to now, there have been done much efforts in regard to nitrate reductase activity (NRA) of dicotyledonous herbs and important crop monocotyledons, but few to wild plants having canopy structure such as Carex. The objective of the present study are to determine: a) the optimum in vivo NR assay conditions for leaf samples of Carex species, b) changes of NRA according to section within leaf and leaf ages, c) diurnal variations. Optimized assay media of each Carex species were determined. NRA of C. rostrata adapted to oligotrophic habitats is readily saturated at lower substrate concentration than those of C. distans and C. gracilis, adapted to meso- and eutrophic habitats, respectively. All Carex species investigated have higher NRA in leaves than in roots. NRA of all species showed maximal values at the middle section of each leaf and in the youngest fully expanded leaves. Compared to C. gracilis, NR in leaves of C. distans was adapted readily to the light period. On the whole, Carex showed rather delayed diurnal variation. Even if the in vivo nitrate reductase assay based on nitrite estimation does not give an accurate estimation of total nitrate reduced, it still serves as a useful tool to find out relative differences in varying environmental conditions. Additionally, in vivo RNA measurements are helpful to understand nitrate reduction and basic nitrogen metabolism of Carex species having different canopy structure.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2007

The aim of this work was to study the relationship between subjective symptoms and binocular function during near work in forty one(12-17yr) schoolchildren. CISS symptom survey, amplitude of accommodation, accommodative facility, neagative relative accommodation(NRA)/positive relative accommodation(PRA) near point of convergence(NPC), heterophoria, AC/A ratios were measured. The results of measurement were compared with normal expected value of each test and classified into normal and abnormal group. Accommodative insufficiency was more general than convergence insufficiency and esophoria was greater than exophoria. NRA/PRA showed very high and AC/A ratios were very low compare with normal expected value. The results of CISS was as follows; most frequent symptom was tired, mean score was $16.63{\pm}7.49$, mean number of symptoms were $10.07{\pm}3.04$, and mean number of serious symptoms were $1.98{\pm}2.13$. After classified into 4 groups according to score of symptoms, number of symptoms, and degree of symptoms and then analyze the correlation compare with binocular vision test results. NRA was most correlated with group comparison, accommodative facility was most correlated with score of symptoms, NRA was most correlated with number of symptoms, and near horizontal phorias were most correlated with serious symptoms. NRA showed most correlative relation with near symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1992

Nitrate reductase activity(nra) were analysed in roots, stems and leaves plants in relation to different nitrogen sources and plastochron ages. Nra in roors and stems of soybean observed no differences in influence the nitrogen sources and plastochron ages, and the values showed to be only 5% of NRA in leaves. On the other hand,NRA in the leaves showed different result to nitrgen sources and plastochron ages. When the plants were less than PI6.0, NRA in leaves had being proportional to the concentration of nitrate and distingush decreased with an increasing plastochron age. At the later stage, upper than PI 8.0, the actvity had not effect to nitrate and plastochron ages. These results indicated that nitrate reduction in soybean was in early leaves.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 1983

There was a decrease in nitrate reductase activity (NRA) measured in vivo in rice roots (Oryza sativa cv. Tongil) grown in anaerobic culture solution. But it was reversed by addition of malonate to the in vivo nitrate reduction assay medium. Malonate increased the in vivo NRA during 2-5 hours incubation and decreased it in longer incubation hours. In vivo NRA was stimulated by addition of NaHCO3 to the assay medium, but not by Na2CO3. The stimulation of NRA by NaHCO3 was not observed in shoot removed rice roots. It is suggested that CO2 from NaHCO3 is carboxylated by phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase, results in increasing the malate contents in the roots, and stimulates the in vivo NRA. NADH needed in nitrate reduction is supported by malate oxidation. In rice roots, it seems probable that malate oxidation in the mitochondria is more important to nitrate reduction than malae oxidation in cytoplasm.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) accident, new regulatory requirements were enforced in July 2013 and a backfit was required for all existing nuclear power plants. It is required to take measures to prevent severe accidents and mitigate their radiological consequences. The Regulatory Standard and Research Department, Secretariat of Nuclear Regulation Authority (S/NRA/R) has been conducting numerical studies and experimental studies on relevant severe accident phenomena and countermeasures. This article highlights fission product (FP) release and hydrogen risk as two major areas. Relevant activities in the S/NRA/R are briefly introduced, as follows: 1. For FP release: Identifying the source terms and leak mechanisms is a key issue from the viewpoint of understanding the progression of accident phenomena and planning effective countermeasures that take into account vulnerabilities of containment under severe accident conditions. To resolve these issues, the activities focus on wet well venting, pool scrubbing, iodine chemistry (in-vessel and ex-vessel), containment failure mode, and treatment of radioactive liquid effluent. 2. For hydrogen risk: because of three incidents of hydrogen explosion in reactor buildings, a comprehensive reinforcement of the hydrogen risk management has been a high priority topic. Therefore, the activities in evaluation methods focus on hydrogen generation, hydrogen distribution, and hydrogen combustion.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1986

plastochron index was used as a measure for the nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum and Glycine max. The material plants treated with $NO_3$-N had higher NRA than those treated with ${NH_4}^+$-N. High NRA were found in young tissues which have low PI or LPI in both A. retroflexus and C. album. These results indicated that this enzyme decreased with increasing plastochron index of the extracted tissues. High level of NRA was detected in Glycine max leaves at PI 4.0. On the other hand, there were no significant differences for PI among $NO_3$-treated, ${NH_4}^+$-treated and control in both stems and roots.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2000

To evaluate the water purification capacity of 4 emergent macrophytes in 4 tributaries of Mankyung River, nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and nutrient removal capacity were determined. Higher NRA occurred in emergent macrophytes such as Persicaria thunbergii and Oenanthe iavanica with 7.8 and 5.4 ${\mu}$moi NO$_2$ g$^{-1}$d.wt. h$^{-1}$. respectively. The nitrogen removal capacity of emergent macrophytes displaying higher NRA fell within the range of 0.85 to 1.95 mg g$^{-1}$d.wt. day$^{-1}$ and was higher in the order Phragmites communis > Persicaria thunbergii > Oenanthe iavanica > Zizania latifolia. The phosphorus removal capacity was within the range of 0.07 to 0.12 mg g$^{-1}$d.wt. day$^{-1}$ and was higher in the order Phragmites communis > Oenanthe iavanica > Persicaria thunbergii > Zizania latifolia. In all the domestic, industrial and agricultural wastewaters, Phragmites communis showed the highest nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacity; 1.36 and 0.0088 mg g$^{-1}$d.wt. day$^{-1}$ respectively. Among the 4 macrophytes. Phragmites communis was the most suitable species for water purification in 4 tributaries of Mankyung River.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.285-288
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• 2008

We analyzed evaporation data in the Japanese Ocean Flux Data Sets with Use of Remote Sensing Observations (J-OFURO) Ver.2. There exists huge evaporation in Gulf Stream, Kuroshio Extension, the ocean dessert and the southern part of the Indian Ocean. The temporal variation of evaporation is overwhelmingly large, of which the standard deviation is more than 120(mm), in the Kuroshio Extension region. Also, the result of harmonic analysis gives that this large variation is closely related to annual variation. In addition, the first EOF mode shows long-term variation showing the maximum amplitude between 1992 and 1994 and remarkable decrease after 1994, and large amplitude in the equatorial region and northeast of Australia. The second and third modes were strongly influenced by El Nino. Moreover, we compared J-OFURO2 evaporation product with other products. We used six kinds of data sets (HOAPS3 and GSSTF2 of satellite data, NRA1, NRA2, ERA40 and JRA25 of reanalysis data) for comparison. Most products show underestimation in the most regions, in particular, in the northern North Pacific, mid-latitudes of the eastern South Pacific, and high-latitudes of the South Pacific compared with J-OFUR02. On the other hand, JRA25 and NRA2 show large overestimation in the equatorial regions. RMS difference between NRA2 and J-OFURO2 in the Kuroshio Extension was significantly large, more than 120(mm).