• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2011

This paper aims to assessing impact of reduction of non-point source pollution in the Bokha Stream watershed. The BASINS/HSPF model was calibrated and verified for water flow and water qualities using Total Maximum Daily Load 8days data from 2006 to 2007. Accuracy of the BASINS/HSPF models in simulating hydrology and water quality was compared and there were somewhat differences of statistical results, but water flow and water quality were simulated in good conditions over the study period. The applicability of models was tested to evaluate non-point source control scenarios to response hydrology and water quality in the Bokha stream using various measures which include BMPs approach and change of landuse. The evaluation of reduction of non-point source pollution was developed using load-duration curve. Despite strong reduction of non-point source, there are not satiated target quality at low flow season.

• 한국관개배수논문집
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 2001

소양강댐 유역의 비점원 오염 포텐셜을 평가하기 위하여 LTHIA/NPS, RUSLE그리고 ArcView GIS 모델을 사용하였다. NPS 오염 포텐셜(VI)계산은 강우유출(RI), 토양유실(EI), 농약사용량(CI), 가축분뇨(LI)와 상업용 비료(FI) 사용량을 대표하는 지수(Index)를 사용하였다. 유역의 유출심은 4.9에서 34.3cm였으며, 토양유실량은 0.25에서 802 ton/ha/year 범위로 평균은 6.46ton/ha/year이었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.413-419
• /
• 2010

A silica mine monitoring was conducted from March to December in 2008 to measure rainfall, runoff amounts and pollution loads. A total of 13 rainfall-runoff events were measured and analyzed with respect to runoff ratio, pollutant concentration and load, and initial flush. Over rainfall-runoff events, 95% confidence range of SS concentration was 942.5~2,056.2 mg/L. Other measured water quality indices also showed relatively large variation. This wide concentration variation was thought to be caused by the bare working ground of the mine that was used to store, process and transport the mined silica. Total pollution load of the 13 rainfall-runoff events was SS 17,901 kg/ha, $COD_{Cr}$ 160.9 kg/ha, $COD_{Mn}$ 111.24 kg/ha, BOD 79.6 kg/ha, T-N 13.8 kg/ha, T-P 3.5 kg/ha, and TOC 39.3 kg/ha. Initial flush was not well observed except SS. Very high SS concentration and load was occurred when rainfall was large. Therefore, it was recommended to manage the bare ground not to discharge excessive pollutants during wet days by covering the ground or constructing runoff treatment systems such as a sediment basin.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제57권5호
• /
• pp.129-137
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study was to test the non-point source pollution (NPS) control by the vegetated ridge and silt fence through field monitoring. The experiment plots were established with three sizes which are 5 m width by 22 m length with 8 %, 3 % slope and 15m width by 15 m length with 6 % slope. Flumes with the floating type stage gages were installed at the outlet of each plot to monitor the runoff. For a rainfall monitoring, tipping bucket rain gage was installed within the experiment site. Water quality samples were monitored during the heavy rainfall occurred. The amount of rainfall from 4 monitored events ranged from 27.6 mm to 130 mm. The runoff reduction rate could vary depending on slope, soil, crop growth condition, rainfall amount, rainfall intensity, antecedent moisture condition, and many other factors. The runoff from vegetated ridge and silt fence treatment plots was 24.05 % and -8.28 % lower than that from control plot, respectively. The monitoring results showed that the average pollution loads reduced by vegetated ridge compared to control were BOD 36.62~53.60 %, SS 40.41~73.71 %, COD 39.34~56.41 %, DOC 49.08~53.67 %, TN 26.74~67.23 %, and TP 52.72~91.80 %; by silt fence compared to control were SS 41.73 %, COD 1.93 %, and TN 2.38 %. The paired t-test result indicated that the vegetated ridge and silt fence were statistically significant effect in SS load reduction, with a 5 % significant level. Monitored results indicated that vegetated ridge and silt fence were both effective to reduce the pollutant from the field surface runoff.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.80-93
• /
• 2018

본 연구에서는 1980년대부터 수행되어온 비점오염원과 관련된 연구동향을 1) 비점오염물질의 유출특성, 2) 처리기술, 3) LID 및 GI 기술, 4) 관리방안 및 정책의 4개 분야로 나누어 검토하고, 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다. 비점오염원과 관련된 연구는 2010년 이전까지는 주로 비점오염물질의 유출특성에 관한 연구가 주를 이루었으며, 최근에는 LID 및 GI 기술 개발 효과평가 및 적용이 주를 이루고 있었다. 비점오염원의 대책마련을 위해서는 사회 지리 환경 기상 등 많은 분야를 접목한 연구가 이루어져야 하지만 아직까지는 많이 미흡한 실정이었다. 또한, 지역적으로 비점오염의 발생 원인물질과 최적 저감대책이 다를 수밖에 없으므로 중앙정부에 의한 일률적인 대책과 가이드라인보다는 지역의 특성을 고려한 대책과 가이드라인의 마련이 필요하였다. 아울러 관주도가 아니라 민간주도로 비점오염원을 관리할 수 있는 법과 제도의 마련이 필요하였다. 아울러 관주도가 아니라 민간주도로 비점오염원을 관리할 수 있는 법과 제도의 마련을 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.682-688
• /
• 2009

A plane field and a sloped field located at low-land plane and alpine areas, respectively, were monitored with respect to runoff, water quality and fertilizer uses from March to December, 2008. Runoff volume and Non-Point Source (NPS) loads were estimated and analyzed with respect to fertilizer uses. Total TN and TP loads from the sloped field were higher than those from plane field because of larger chemical uses in the alpine field than in the plane field. Organic matter load from plane field was higher than that from sloped field because more organic compost was applied to plane field than to sloped field. Event Mean Concentration (EMC) of measured water quality indices were relatively higher in both fields. Organic matter load per 1 mm rainfall were higher in plane field and TN and TP loads per 1 mm rainfall were higher in sloped field than those in respective comparing field. It was concluded that the type and application method of fertilizer could play an important role in the estimation of NPS pollution loads and the development of Best Management Practices (BMPs). However, it was recommended that long-term monitoring is necessary to better describe the relationship between fertilizer uses and water quality from agricultural fields because numerous natural and management factors other than fertilizer also affect runoff quality.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.615-623
• /
• 2009

The research of the determination of event mean concentration (EMC) was focussed combined sewer overflows and highway runoff in korea. But those of non-urban areas are few. In this study, EMC and unit loading on land use types in Nogok watershed were estimated by runoff loading of non-point source (NPS) on non-urban area. Two monitoring sites were equipped with an automatic velocity meter, flow meter, and water sampler. Monitoring was conducted at two monitering site during the rainy season. The results show that the EMC ranges in forest land use are 1.3~2.6 mg/L for BOD, 2.0~16.1 mg/L for SS, 0.1~2.1 mg/L for TN, and 0.12~0.49 mg/L for TP. The unit loading of NPS in this study was difficult to compare directly with that used conventionally because of the difference of field investigation. In near future, it needs to conduct more systematic and long-term research about NPS within the watershed. The results of this research can be used to estimate the total pollution load management system (TPLMS) program in korea.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제56권6호
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2014

In this study, the water quality purification of new medias which were NPS media, hyugato, mineral stone, charcoal for applying soil media of Integrated Management Practices (IMPs) of Low Impact Development (LID) were evaluated. The influent concentrations of COD, T-N, and T-P were 117.8 mg/L, 17.1 mg/L, and 2.062 mg/L, respectively. The infiltration capacities of NPS media, hyugoto, mineral stone, charcoal, and gravel were $7.1{\times}10m/s$, $7.3{\times}10^{-5}m/s$, $7.9{\times}10^{-5}m/s$, $6.0{\times}10^{-5}m/s$, respectively. All media meet criteria of infiltration capacity as surface soil layer at IMPs which is over $1.0{\times}10^{-5}m/s$. Maximum removal rates of COD, T-N, and T-P occurred at Charcoal with 98 % of COD removal rate, NPS with 78 % of T-N removal rate, and hyugato with 75 % fo T-P removal rate, respectively. For more high removal efficiency of all water quality item, the mixed media which is 4.5(NPS media): 1(charcoal) : 4.5 (hyugato) as volume ratio was evaluated. The infiltration capacity of mixed media was $7.9{\times}10^{-5}m/s$ and met the criteria of infiltration as surface soil layer. The water quality removal efficiencies of mixed media were very high with showing 70 % for COD, 85 % for T-N, and 71 % for T-P. The mixed media could purify the water quality of surface runoff and was recommended to used at the LID site of ground water quality problem.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2009

비점오염원에 의한 4대강의 오염부하증가율이 점점 증가하고 있어 비점오염원 관리의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 따라서 환경부는 수질오염총량관리제를 도입하여 수생태계 입장에서 수질개선 정책을 펼치고 있으며, 한강 수계를 비롯한 4대강 유역에 비점저감시설을 설치하여 시범사업을 실시하고 있다. 그러나 현재 적용되어 운영되고 있는 비점오염저감시설은 대부분 외국의 기술을 그대로 이용한 것으로 처리성능 및 효율의 불확실성과 기후 및 유역특성을 반영하고 있지 않는 등 많은 문제점을 안고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 고속도로내 톨게이트와 주차 장지점에 비점오염저감시설을 설치하여 2~3년 동안 운전하였으며, 비점오염물질의 유출특성과 저감시설의 오염 물질별 제거형태를 파악하였다. 이러한 결과는 비점오염물질 관리를 위한 토지이용별 비점저감시설의 적용, 운영 및 유지관리에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2017

도시지역은 인구가 집중되어 토지이용이 집약적이며 불투수면의 비율이 높아 강우시 비점오염에 의한 영향이 높은 지역이다. 비점오염원은 강우시 다양한 토지이용으로부터 발생되며 수계에 직접적인 영향을 미치고 오염물질의 종류와 양에 따라 불확실성이 높은 오염원이므로 점오염원과 함께 관리가 필요하다. 이러한 비점오염원을 관리하기 위한 방안으로 국내 외에서는 자연적인 기작을 이용한 비점오염원 관리기법인 저영향개발기법 (Low impact development, LID)을 도입하였으며 침투도랑, 식생체류지, 인공습지 등 다양한 요소기술이 포함된다. 이중 인공습지는 수질정화 (비점오염물질 저감)와 더불어 물을 저류하는 기능을 가진 친환경적인 시설로 잘 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 비점오염원 관리를 위한 LID 기술의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었으며 도시지역에 조성된 두 종류의 인공습지를 운영한 결과를 분석하고 평가하고자 한다. 연구대상 인공습지는 HSSF형과 Hybrid형으로 두 시설 모두2010년에 조성되어 현재까지 운영 중에 있으며 본 논문에서는 2010년부터 2015년까지의 총 42회의 모니터링 결과를 이용하였다. 분석결과, 두 인공습지를 통해 강우유출유출량을 평균 37~41% 범위로 저감되였으며 오염물질별 저감효율의 경우 TSS는 63~79%, TN은 38~54%, TP는 54%, 중금속은 32~81% 범위로 나타나 도시지역내 인공습지 적용시 비점오염원 저감에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.