• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

본 연구는 NPK(질소-인-칼슘) 비료 생산을 위하여 강양이온 이온교환수지를 사용하는 모사이동층(SMB; simulated moving bed) 흡착 공정의 모델링과 모사에 관하여 다룬다. 이 공정은 생산부와 재생부로 크게 나뉘며, 원하지 않는 이온을 제외시키기 위한 2개의 세척 구역을 포함하여 6개의 구역으로 구성되어있다. 따라서 전통적인 4구역 모사이동층 공정보다 좀 더 복잡한 운전 조건을 갖는다. 이러한 6구역 모사이동층 공정의 모델링과 모사를 통하여 얻은 결과는 파일럿규모의 공정과 상용화 공정에서 얻은 실험 결과와 유사함을 보여주었다. 실험 결과로부터 확인된 이 모델식은 최적 운전 조건을 얻기 위한 최적화 문제에 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.819-825
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• 2016

Monitoring of soil fertility and crop productivity in long-term application of silicate fertilizers is necessary to use fertilizers efficiently. This study was conducted to investigate effects of continuous application of silicate fertilizer for rice cultivation from 1969 to 2014. The treatments were no silicate fertilizer treatments (N, NC, NPK, and NPKC) and silicate fertilizer treatments (N+S, NC+S, NPK+S, and NPKC+S). The 46-yr input of $2\;ton\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ of silicate fertilizer increased pH 0.6 ~ 1.1 and exchangeable Ca $2.0{\sim}2.4cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ in silicate fertilizer treatments (N+S, NC+S, NPK+S, and NPKC+S) compared with no silicate fertilizer treatments (N, NC, NPK, and NPKC) because silicate fertilizer included Ca component. Also, available silicate concentrations of silicate fertilizer treatments (N+S, NC+S, NPK+S, and NPKC+S) increased $169mg\;kg^{-1}$ compared to no silicate fertilizer treatments. In Period II ('90~'14), the mean annual Si field balance varied from 62 to $175kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in silicate fertilizer treatments, indicating continuous accumulation of soil Si. Silicon uptake and grain yield of rice had greater differences between N treatment and N+S treatment than other treatments. This showed that the application of silicate fertilizer had greater effect in nutrient-poor soils than in proper nutrient soils. Thus the application of silicate fertilizer led to improvement the fertility of soil and increasement of rice production for the lack of soil nutrients.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1998

The effects of different fertilizer management on herbage production and botanical composition were determined. Field experiments were conducted during 1991 - 1993 on sandy loam soil at Allgiu south western Germany under variabling fertilizer management; cattle slurry, NPK, PK chemical fertilizer management and zero fertilization. The dry matter yield of forage was the highest in the plot of mineral fertilizer and lowest in the plot of without fertilization. The dry matter yield of P-K application was higher by 1.2 ton than that of without fertilization. The content of crude protein, crude fibre, digestible dry matter yield, net energy and nitrogen content of plants was not significantly different among different fertilizer management. N uptake of plants was in the order NPK chemical fertilizer (347kg N/ha) > cattle slurry (337kg N/ha) > P-K chemical fertilizer (325kg N/ha) > without fertilization (3 15kg N/ha).

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2004

고온호기성발효장치(TAO system)로 발효 처리한 양돈분뇨고형물을 톱밥과 왕겨로 혼합한 뒤 성형건조장치를 이용하여 펠렛 비료를 제조하였다. 제조된 펠렛 비료(TAO-PF)의 비료이용성을 검토하기 위하여 배추를 이용하여 포장시험을 실시하였으며, 수확 후 생육량 및 토양의 생물, 이화학적 변화를 분석하였다. 생육실험은 펠렛 비료(TAO-PF)를 포함하여 시판 상토(Bed soil), 발효고형물(TAO-S), 화학비료(NPK), 무비료(대조구)로 나누어 실험하였다. 제조된 발효펠렛(TAO-PF)의 상온저장성은 미생물의 증식경향으로 보아 수분 함량이 $18\%,\;25\%$ 처리구보다는 $12\%$ 처리구가 적절한 것으로 판단되었다. 배추를 이용한 각 처리구에서의 생육실험결과, 토양세균의 변화는 TAO-PF 처리구가 NPK, 무비료구 보다 처리기간중 증식하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 방선균의 증가와 사상균의 감소현상은 NPK, 무비료 처리 에 비해 TAO-S, TAO-PF 처리구에서 현저하여 발효고형물의 토양시비가 토양생물상 변화에 매우 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 생육실험을 통해 배추의 구고, 구폭, 엽수 등으로 보아 TAO-S, TAO-PF 처리구는 각각 화학비료, 시판상토 처리구를 대체 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2015

Monitoring of soil fertility and crop productivity in long-term application of fertilizers is necessary to use fertilizers efficiently. This study was conducted to investigate effects of continuous application of lime for rice cultivation from 1969 to 2014. The treatments were no lime treatments (N, NPK, NPKC, and NPKS) and lime treatments (N+L, NPK+L, NPKC+L, and NPKS+L). The application of lime in addition to N, NPK, and NPKC tended to increase pH, exchangeable Ca, and available $SiO_2$. The input of mean annual $1,170Mg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ of lime increased pH $0.0042yr^{-1}$, $0.0062yr^{-1}$, $0.0127yr^{-1}$, and $0.0041yr^{-1}$ in lime treatments (N+L, NPK+L, NPKS+L, and NPKC+L) compared with no treatments (N, NPK, NPKS, and NPKC), respectively. The mean annual Ca field balance varied from 169 to $561kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$in no treatments, from 871 to $1,263kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ in lime treatments, indicating that Ca was accumulated in the soils. The mean annual Ca field balance in silicate fertilizer treatments (NPKS, NPKS+L) were higher than that of other treatments because silicate fertilizer included Ca component. Grain yield of rice had no significant differences between no lime treatments and lime treatments. Thus the application of lime led to changes in soil chemical properties but had no impact on the production of rice.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2013

Although sorghum residue production was estimated to be $8{\sim}10Mg\;ha^{-1}$, most sorghum straw was used to be burnt or removed after harvest. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of manured sorghum residues on soil physical properties from 2010 to 2012 in the converted paddy field. Five treatment with 3 replication consisted of control, inorganic fertilizer (NPK), manured residues, sorghum stover and sawdust manure. The incorporation level of organic source was $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ without inorganic fertilizer NPK. The investigated physical parameters were bulk density (BD), porosity, water stability aggregate (WSA), water infiltration rater (WIR), penetration resistance (PR) and soil water retention characteristics (WRC) with soil depth. The incorporation of manured sorghum residues improved WIR significantly over inorganic fertilizer (NPK), sorghum residues and sawdust manure. The BD by incorporating with manured residues on sorghum was reduced significantly with crop residue over plot of NPK and sawdust. Significant increase in WSA was observed with stubble incorporation alone or manured sorghum residues. Soil WRC were significantly enhanced with manured sorghum residue incorporated without NPK. The average PR at 0~15 cm was 0.54 MPa for manured sorghum residues. For sawdust manure plot it was 0.42 MPa, for Sawdust manure plot 0.39 MPa and for NPK plot 0.54 MPa.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1987

The experiment was carried out to determine the optimum application rate of liquid waste from methane fermentation (LW) and its effect on botanical composition, dry matter yields and nutrient quality of pasture mixtures. Experimental fields was designed as a randomized block treated with NPK chemical fertilizer (NPK = 28-20-24 kg/lOa), NPK + Water 28 ton, 112 NPK + LW 28 ton, 112 NPK + LW 42 ton, LW 28 ton, LW 42 ton and LW 56 ton/lOa at Livestock Experiment Station in Suweon, 1985. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Vegetation of introduced pastures, both in grasses and legumes, was markedly increased in the plots treated with methane-liquid waste. However, heavy application of liquid waste tended to increase of native weeds such as Polygronum spp., Rumex spp. and Lactuca spp. 2. Crude protein contents was increased in the plants applied with liquid waste, but NFE was decreased compared with those of chemical fertilizer applied. The concentrations of crude fat and crude fibre were, however less affected by the fertilizer resource. Among cell-wall constituents, cellulose content was decreased as the liquid waste application rate increased, while hemicellulose showed a negative association. 3. Productivity of the pasture was increased as the liquid waste application rate increased. The highest dry matter yields was obtained in the plot treated with LW 42 ton/lOa by 71 1 kg/lOa, which shows about 71% increments compared with those of chemical fertilizer treated. Net energy yields, both in starch value and NEL, were also markedly increased under liquid waste application. As a results, the optimum application rate of methane-liquid waste was found to be 42 ton in 10 a.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2016

In an experiment conducted at the research field of the National Institute of Agricultural Science, we investigated the effects of mineral fertilizer and rice straw compost on exchangeable potassium and K balances, and rice grain yield under a rice single system. The treatments were no fertilization (No fert.), inorganic fertilization (N), inorganic fertilizer (N, P, K) plus rice straw compost at rates of 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and $30.0ton\;ha^{-1}$ (NPKC7.5, NPKC15.0, NPKC22.5, and NPKC30.0, respectively). The inorganic fertilizers(N, P, K) were added with standard fertilizer application rate in which nitrogen (N), phosphate ($P_2O_5$), and potassium ($K_2O$) were applied with $75{\sim}150kg\;ha^{-1}$, $70{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, $75{\sim}86kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Exchangeable potassium for NPKC15.0 NPKC22.5, and NPK30.0 treatments was higher by $0.05{\sim}0.19cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ than that of NPKC7.5 treatment. Increasing levels of rice straw compost resulted in an increase in the K balance from - $19.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ (No fert.) to $41.9kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ at NPKC22.5 treatment and $62.9kg\;ha^{-1}$ at NPKC30.0 treatment. Continuous application of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers affected significantly the rice grain yields. The result of the study imply that the application of more than $22.5ton\;ha^{-1}$ of rice straw compost with NPK fertilizers are recommended as the best fertilization practice for enhancement of crop production and K supplying power of soil in the continuous rice cropping system.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2018

유기농 오이의 안정생산을 위한 양분관리 방법으로 가축분 퇴비와 어분액비 시용이 오이 생육과 토양환경에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 시험은 가축분 퇴비 100% (LC100), 가축분 퇴비 50% + 어분액비 50% (LC50 + LF50), 가축분 퇴비 50% (LC50), 화학비료 (NPK), 그리고 무비 (NF) 등 5처리로 하여 처리구별 토양 화학성, 토양미생물 군집 변화, 그리고 오이 생육 및 수량을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 토양화학성의 경우에는LC50 + LF50 처리는 LC100 처리와는 EC 함량을 제외하고는 통계적인 유의차가 없었으며 화학비료 처리와는 pH를 제외하고 통계적인 유의차를 나타냈다. 토양 미생물 군집의 경우에는 미생물 밀도는 처리에 따른 통계적 유의차가 없었으며 Microbial biomass C 함량은 NF, NPK 처리에 비해 가축분 퇴비, 액비와 같은 유기물 시용구에서 높게 나타났다. 각 처리에 의한 오이 생육을 비교한 결과, 오이 초장과 생체중은 LC100, LC50 + LF50, 그리고 NPK 처리간에는 통계적인 유의차가 없었으나 NF와 LC50 처리와는 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 오이 수량은 NPK 처리가 7,397 kg/10a으로 가장 많았지만 LC50 + LF50, 그리고 LC100 처리와는 통계적인 유의차가 없었다. 이러한 결과로부터 유기농 오이 재배에서 가축분 퇴비와 어분액비 시용으로 양분관리가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2015

Soil nutrient management is important to maintain the constant productivity of seedling production in the nursery for successful forest restoration. This study investigated the effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizer application levels on the growth, soil properties, and nutrient concentrations of yellow poplar seedlings. One-year-old yellow poplar seedlings were treated with the combination of 3 level organic manures(0, 5 Mg/ha, 10 Mg/ha; mixture of poultry manure, cattle manure, swine manure, and sawdust) and 3 level nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium(NPK) chemical fertilizers(0, 1x(urea, $30g/m^2$; fused superphosphate, $70g/m^2$; potassium chloride, $15g/m^2$), 2x). Organic manure significantly increased the soil pH and the concentrations of nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium. In contrast, the NPK chemical fertilizer decreased the soil pH and exchangeable calcium concentration, did not affect the soil concentrations of nitrogen and magnesium, and increased the concentrations of available phosphorous and exchangeable potassium. Both organic manure and NPK chemical fertilizer treatments increased the seedling height, root collar diameter, and dry weight by 39% and 25%, respectively. The treatment with manure 5 Mg/ha and NPK 2x chemical fertilizer mostly increased seedling dry weight by 2.6 times more than that of the control. Compared to the effects of the fertilization treatments on the soil properties, the effects on nutrient concentrations in the leaves were relatively small. These findings indicate that organic manure that was derived from livestock byproducts and sawdust can be utilized with chemical fertilizer to improve seedling production as well as conserving soil quality.