• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1992

The effects of different night temperatures and NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ : NH$_4$$^{+}$ ratios in nutrient solution on the growth and quality of Chinese white cabbage(B. chinensis L. var. chinensis) and Chinese flat cabbage(B. chinensis L. var. rosularis) were studied. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Fresh weight was increased higher in night temperature 15$^{\circ}C$ than 5, 1$0^{\circ}C$, but content of vitamin C and dry weight ratio were increased as night temperature was lower. 2, The growth of Chinese white cabbage and Chinese flat cabbage was bad extremely in NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ : NH$_4$$^{+}$(0 : 8), and the others were little different 3. In nutrient solution, the higher NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N concentration was, the more content of vitamin C, and the higher NH$_4$$^{+}$-N concentration was, the more dry weight ratio.ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 1974

This experiment was initiated to determine the effective components of garlic during the growth stages and to regulate the contents artificially. The following results were obtained : 1. Alliin content was increased during its growth and showed drastic increase at maturing stage. 2. The kinds of free amino acids detected during growth stages were 15 for leaf growth, 14 for bulbing and 18 for maturing stage. The total content of free amino acids was high. est at maturing stage. 3. The optimum conditions for the maximum amounts of alliin and free amino acid determined by the binary interaction of Systematic Variations Method were 40% $NO_3^{-1}+60%\;SO_4^{-2}$, 62% $NO_3^{-1}+38%\;PO_4^{-3}$, 42% $K^{+1}+58%\;Ca^{+2}$ and 56% $K^{+1}+44%\;Mg^{+2}$ for alliin, and 72% $NO_3^{-1}+28%\;SO_4^{-2}$, 49% $NO_3^{-1}+51%\;SO_4^{-2}$, 45% $K^++55Ca^{+2}$ and 66% $K^{+1}+34%\;Mg^{+2}$ for free amino acid. 4. Ideal curve for alliin and free amino acid was attained by applying the binary interaction of Systematic Variations Method and it was possible to approach the optimum ionic proportion from the optimum contents on this curve.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.6 no.3_4
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• pp.133-141
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• 1991

Vermistabilization is the stabilization of organic wastes using earthworms. The worms maintain aerobic conditions in the waste, accelerating and enhancing the biological decomposition of the waste. This study was carried out to find out fundamental factors affecting the performance of the process such as temperature, moisture content and pH condition of nightsoil sludge, and to evaluate the worms excreta (casting) as fertilizer. The results could be summarized as follows; the optimum range of temperature was observed 10~3$0^{\circ}C$ while survival rate of eathworm decreased rapidly at 35$^{\circ}C$ within 6 days and death occurred at 5$^{\circ}C$. Those of moisture content and pH condition were 50~70% and 5~8, respectively. Earthworms were revealed to change the composition of N in nightsoil sludge consisting of$NH_3$-N (71%), $NO_2$-N (2%) and $NO_3$-N (27%) into that $NH_3$-N (24%), $NO_2$-N (1%), $NO_3$-N (75%) in earthworm excreta, respectively The concentrations of NH$_3$and H$_2$S gas in pig manure were reduced by 59.2% and 45.2% in case of mixing pig manure with casting.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.277-284
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• 2011

The compositions of health functional food products (HFFP; 18 products) containing gamma linolenic acid (GLA; $C_{18:3}$, n-6) and omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) were investigated. The contents of index components (especially, GLA and omega-3) in HFFPs were monitored by GC-FID analysis. Among the GLA products (sample No. 1~8), the content of GLA in most samples (except sample No.6) ranged from 8.04 to 9.98 g/100 g. These results were suitable for the reference standard (more 7.0 g/100 g) of HFF. In the omega-3 products (sample No. 10 and 15) derived from harp seal oil (HSO), the total contents of EPA and DHA were 14.21-15.98 g/100 g, respectively. These values were suitable for the reference standard (more 12.0 g/100 g) of HFF. Besides, among the omega-3 products (sample No.9, 11~14, 16~18) derived from fish oil, the total content of EPA and DHA ranged from 24.11 to 31.20 g/100 g. These results were suitable for the reference standard (more 18.0 g/100 g) of HFF. In the result of TLC analysis, the HFFPs of 18 were mainly composed of triacylglycerols (TAGs). The content of trans fatty acid in 18 HFFPs was detected in less than 0.30 g/100 g. For the detection of trans fatty acid, $^1H$-NMR (600 MHz) can be used because chemical shift of trans fatty acid was observed at 5.3 ppm in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.174-179
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• 1997

In this study, effects of carbon content and fineness of fly-ash on the workability an the strength development of concrete and investigated experimentally. Carbon content with 6 levels (0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7%) and fineness with 3 levels (4, 000, 5, 000, 6, 000 $\textrm{cm}^2$/g) are selected for test variables. Besides, the effect of fly-ash with variation of initial concrete temperature is tested. To measure slump and air losses, small laboratory agitator is used. As the results, the used AE admixture content to maintain constant initial air content is increased linearly with increasing carbon content in fly-ash. With increasing fineness of fly-ash, the strengths at 3 and 7 days are slightly increased, however, there is no clear difference among 28 day strengths within the scope of this study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.501-512
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• 1999

We analyzed the contents of 12 types of minerals such as calcium in muscle from various species. Thereafter we observed changes of the concentrations according to age, part and sex in major domestic animals. The concentrations of calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium and zinc were high respectively whilst the content of cobalt, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum and nickel were low respectively in the muscle. The concentration of calcium was high in duck and dog but low in pig and horse. Also high level of sodium content was detected in dog and the content of potassium, iron showed high level in horse compared with the content in other animals. In 6 types of microminerals as cobalt, the level of muscle were no more than 1 ppm showing very low content in all animal, but $2.99{\pm}0.85$ppm of copper in duck was an exceptional case. According to the age some species showed small range of variation centering on macrominerals and there was no remarkable change in microminerals. Distribution of minerals was different according to the part and the variation was very diverse compared with other factors such as age and sex. Additionally, the content of minerals in muscle was higher in female than in male chicken and duck. In conclusion, the difference of the content of minerals according to the species was mainly focused on macrominerals.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2024

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of seeding dates on the growth characteristics, dry matter yield and mineral contents of rye cultivated in the paddy field. The field experiment was conceived as a randomized block design performed in triplicate with seeding dates of October 19 (T1), October (T2), November 2 (T3), November 9 (T4), and November 16 (T5). All treatments was harvested on May 22 of the following year. Plant length, stem diameter, dry matter yield, and total digestible nutrient (TDN) yield were higher in rye with early seeding dates (p<0.05), whereas TDN was higher with late seeding dates (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between crude protein and ether extract among the different seeding dates. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were higher with early seeding dates (p<0.05). K and Ca contents were significantly higher at T1 as compared to other treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5). There was no significant difference in Mg and Na content among T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments. P content was higher in the order T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 > T5 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in free sugar contents (glucose, fructose and sucrose) by treatments, whereas total free sugar content was the highest in T1 than in the other treatments (p<0.05). Collectively, the results obtained in this study indicate that it is favorable to seed (T1 and T2) soon after harvesting rice to increase dry matter, TDN yield and total free sugar content of rye in the midlands of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality characteristics of cookies made with Angelica gigas Nakai fermented by Lactobacillus paracasei. As the content of Angelica gigas Nakai fermented by L. paracasei (AFL) powder increased, the pH of the cookies decreased from 6.3 to 5.2. There was no significant difference in the moisture content depending on AFL powder content. The content of reducing sugar also increased with increasing AFL powder content. Regarding the surface color of the cookies, the L- and b-values decreased with increasing AFL powder content, whereas the a-value increased. As the AFL powder content increased, the total polyphenol content and ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities significantly increased. Cookies with 8% AFL powder (AC8) had the highest levels of 107.16 mg%, 38.69%, and 65.56%, respectively. The texture, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the cookies with various AFL powder levels were not significantly different, and hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness showed no tendencies toward changes. Taken together, these results showed that when AFL powder was added to cookies, bioactivities such as antioxidant activity increased, making AFL powder a good material with high potential for use in commercially baked products.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2001

This study was conducted to measure the total protein, DNA, and RNA contents of corpus luteum(CL) in various stages of estrous cycle and pregnancy. CLs were collected from a local slaughterhouse and stages of the estrous cycle of CL were classified as CL1~2, days 1 to 10; CL3(with/without central cavity), days 11 to 17; CL4, days 18 to 20 by method of Ireland et. al(1980) and stages of the pregnancy of CL were classified as P1~3, months 11~3: P4~6, months 4~6; P7~9, months 7~9 of pregnancy. CL3 with/without central cavity(CC) was identified as described by Kastelic et. al.(1990)-CL with CC, more than 2mm in diameter; CL without CC, less than 2mm in diameter. In total protein content, CL3 with CC was significantly lower than P7~9(p<.05). The total DNA content was lower in CL3 with CC than CL3 without CC and CL4(p<.05). In protein : DNA ratio, CL3 with CC was significantly lower than CL4(p<.05), CL3 without CC was significantly lower than P7~9(p<.05), CL4 was significantly lower than CL3 with CC, P1~3 and P7~9(p<.05). No differences were observed in RNA content, protein:RNA ratio, RNA/DNA of CLs in stages of estrous cycle and pregnancy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 2024

This study analyzed the changes in the nutritional components, properties, physicochemical properties, general bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria of pickled cabbage depending on the cultivation area. An analysis of the nutritional composition on the first day of storage showed no significant difference in the calories, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and dietary fiber contents regardless of the cultivation region, but regional differences were observed in the vitamin C content in the order of Andong > Pyeongchang > Haenam. The total free amino acid content appeared in the order Andong > Pyeongchang > Haenam, and the GABA (γ-amino-n-butyric acid) content appeared in the order Haenam > Andong > Pyeongchang. In addition, pickled cabbage was observed on the 1^st, 5^th, and 10^th days of storage at 4℃. No significant change in appearance was observed on the 1^st and 5^th days, but changes were observed on the 10^th day. Regardless of the cultivation area, the salinity (p<0.05) and pH (p<0.05) decreased significantly as the storage period increased, while the sugar content (p<0.05) and acidity (p<0.05) increased significantly. The general bacteria (p<0.05) and lactic acid bacteria (p<0.05) counts increased significantly as the storage period increased, irrespective of the cultivation region.