• Title/Summary/Keyword: NO emission index

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Computational Study of the MILD Combustion and Pollutant Emission Characteristics in Jet Flow Field (제트 유동장에서의 마일드 연소 및 오염물질 배출특성에 관한 전산해석 연구)

  • Kim, Yu Jeong;Song, Keum Mi;Oh, Chang Bo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.60-65
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    • 2012
  • The MILD combustion and pollutant emission characteristics were investigated computationally. The temperature of supplying air-stream and mixing rate (${\Omega}$) of exhaust gas in the air-stream were adjusted to investigate the effects of those parameters on the MILD combustion in jet flow field. The emission indices for NO (EINO) and CO (EICO) were introduced to quantify the amount of those species emitted from the combustion. The high-temperature region disappeared gradually as the mixing rate increased for fixed air-stream temperature. The EINO increased as the air-stream temperature became higher for fixed mixing rate, and the EINO decreased dramatically with increasing the mixing rate for each air-stream temperature condition. The EICO also decreased with increasing the mixing rate and it was nearly independent of air-stream temperature except for near ${\Omega}$ = 0.7. It was found that the CO supplied in the air-stream can be destroyed in the MILD combustion over the certain mixing rate.

Real Time Monitoring of Energy Efficiency Operation Indicator on Merchant Ships

  • Barro, Ronald Dela Cruz;Kim, Jun-Seong;Lee, Don-Chool
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.301-308
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    • 2011
  • International Maritime Organization (IMO) proposed the Energy Efficiency Operation Indicator (EEOI) in 2005 and the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) in 2008 so as to address emission concern and regulation. Likewise, Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) monitoring and management are also becoming an issue lately. This paper introduces the energy efficiency design index (operation indicator) monitoring system (EDiMS) software can continuously monitor $CO_2$, $NO_x$, $SO_x$, and PM values emitted from ship. The accurate inventory of ships GHG can be obtained from base of emission result during the engine shop test trial and the actual monitoring of shaft power and ship speed. In addition, the ability to store all exhaust emission and engine operation data can be applied as the useful tool of the inventory work of air pollution and ship energy management plan for the mitigation or reduction of ship emissions.

NOx Formation Characteristics with Oxygen Enrichment in Nonpremixed Counterflow and Coflow Jet Flames (비예혼합 대향류 및 동축 제트화염에서 산소부화에 따른 NOx 생성특성)

  • Yoo, Byung-Hun;Hwang, Chul-Hong;Han, Ji-Woong;Lee, Chang-Eon
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.169-174
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    • 2004
  • The NOx emission characteristics with oxygen enrichment in nonpremixed counterflow and coflow jet flame of $CH_4$ fuel have been investigated numerically. A small amount of nitrogen is included in oxygen-enriched combustion, in order to consider the inevitable $N_2$ contamination by air infiltration. The results show that the initial increase of NO with increasing oxygen enrichment is due to increasing temperature and residence time, while its subsequent decrease above 75% oxygen is due to decreasing the consumption rate of nitrogen. When oxygen addition exceeds 30%, Thermal NO gradually becomes the dominant production pathway and Prompt NO becomes negative pathway for net NO production rate. It is also seen that Thermal NO plays an important role in NO reduction when strain rate increase in oxygen-enriched combustion. Finally, the results of EINOx with oxygen enrichment in coflow jet flame show the similar profile with those of conterflow flame. It is confirmed that, with leakage of 1% nitrogen in the oxidizer stream, the corresponding EINOx is eight times of that emitted from regular $CH_4$/Air flame.

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A Study on the Emission Properties of Organic Electroluminescence Device by Various Stacked Organics Structures (유기물 적층 구조에 따른 유기 발광 소자의 발광 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 노병규;김중연;오환술
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.943-949
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    • 2000
  • In this paper, the single and double heterostructure organic light-emitting devices(OLEDs) were fabricated. The single heterostructure OLED(TYPE 1) is consisted of TPD as a HTL(hole transfer layer) and Alq$_3$as an EML(emitting layer). The double heterostructure OLED(TYPE 2) is consisted of TPD as a HTL, Alq$_3$as an EML and PBD as an ETL(electron transfer layer). The another double heterostructure OLED(TYPE 3) is consisted of TPD as a HTL, PBD as an EML and Alq$_3$as an ETL. We obtained a strong green emission device with maximum EL emission wavelength 500nm in TYPE 3. When the applied voltage was 12V, the emission luminescence was 120.9cd/㎡. The chromaticity index of TYPE 3 was x=0.29, y=0.50. In the characteristic plot of current-voltage, TYPE 3 device was turned on at 6.9V. This voltage was a fairly low turn-on voltage. TYPE 1 and 2 device were turned on at 10V and 8.9V respectively. These types showed no good properties over that of TYPE 3.

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Effect of Pressure on Acoustic Pressure Response and NO Formation in Diluted Hydrogen-Air Diffusion Flames (희석된 수소-공기 확산 화염에서 음향파 응답과 NO 생성에 미치는 압력의 영향)

  • Sohn, Chae-Hoon;Chung, Suk-Ho
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 1999.10a
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    • pp.11-20
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    • 1999
  • Acoustic pressure response and NO formation of hydrogen-air diffusion flames at various pressures are numerically studied by employing counterflow diffusion flame as a model flame let in turbulent flames in combustion chambers. The numerical results show that extinction strain rate increases linearly with pressure and then decreases, and increases again at high pressures. Thus, flames are classified into three pressure regimes. Such non-monotonic behavior is caused by the change in chemical kinetic behavior as pressure rises. Acoustic pressure response in each regime is investigated based on the Rayleigh criterion. At low pressures, pressure-rise causes the increase in flame temperature and chain branching/recombination reaction rates, resulting in increased heat release. Therefore, amplification in pressure oscillation is predicted. Similar phenomena are predicted at high pressures. At moderate pressures, weak amplification is predicted. Emission index of NO shows similar behaviors as to the peak-temperature variation with pressure.

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Effect of PCC Pretreatment with Pulp Powder on the Paper Properties (목재펄프 분말을 이용한 PCC 전처리가 종이 성질에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwak, Gun Ho;Cho, Byoung-Uk;Lee, Yong-Kyu;Won, Jong Myoung
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.46 no.1
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 2014
  • Various approaches have been tried to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide in paper industry. One of important approaches is to use PCC manufactured from emission gas as a filler. However, it was recognized that PCC is inferior to other fillers in the paper strength properties of view. Therefore, pretreatment of PCC with pulp powder was tried to mitigate the strength reduction of paper. Pretreatment of PCC with pulp powder improved the bulk(7.4~12.9%) and air permeability(24.8~42.98%), but there is no significant change in opacity. Tensile index, burst index and stiffness were decreased by the use of pretreated PCC with pulp powder. Anionic and cationic PAM were used as a additive for PCC pretreatment in order to improve strength properties. There was no significant change in bulk in all kinds of PAM used in this study. Most strength properties were improved by the pretreatment of PCC with the anionic and cationic PAM and pulp powder, although the opacity and stiffness were more or less decreased.

NOx Formation Characteristics with Oxygen Enrichment in Nonpremixed Counterflow Flames (비예혼합 대향류화염에서 산소부화에 따른 NOx 생성특성)

  • Lee, Chang-Eon;Hwang, Cheol-Hong;Yoo, Byung-Hun;Han, Ji-Woong
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 2007
  • The NOx emission characteristics with oxygen enrichment in non-premixed counterflow flames were investigated numerically. To consider systematically the situation of inevitable $N_2$ contamination by air infiltration in the process of pure-oxygen combustion, the volume ratio of $O_2$ in an oxidizer was changed from 21% to 100%. As a result the NO emission index $(EI_{NO})$ has the highest value under condition of 75% oxygen enrichment. This result can be explained by the change of $N_2$ destruction rate with oxygen enrichment rather than flame temperature, flame thickness and residence time. In particular, it was found that the reaction of N+NO=$N_2+O$ has the largest contribution on NOx production in oxygen-enrichment flames.

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Numerical Study of Combustion Characteristics by Pressure and Oxygen Concentration in Counter-Flow Diffusion Flame Model (대향류 확산 화염 모델에서의 압력 및 산소분율에 따른 연소 특성 변화에 관한 수치해석 연구)

  • Park, Jinje;Lee, Youngjae
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.93-103
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    • 2021
  • As the seriousness and necessity of responding to climate change and reducing carbon emissions increases, countries around the world are continuing their efforts to reduce greenhouse gases. Among various efforts, research on CCUS, capturing and utilizing carbon dioxide generated when using carbon-based fuels, is actively being conducted. Studies on pressurized oxy-fuel combustion (POFC) that can be used with CCUS are also being conducted by many researchers. The purpose of this study is to analyze basic information related to the flame structure and pollutant emissions of pressurized oxy-fuel combustion. For this, a counter-flow diffusion flame model was used to analyze the combustion characteristics according to pressure and oxygen concentration. As the pressure increased, the flame temperature increased and the flame thickness decreased due to a reaction rate improvement caused by the activation of the chemical reaction. As oxygen concentration increased, both the flame temperature and the flame thickness increased due to an improvement to the reaction rate and diffusion because of a change in oxidizer momentum. Analyzing the related heat release reaction by dividing it into three sections as the oxygen concentration increased showed that the chemical reaction from the oxidizer side was subdivided into two regions according to the mixture fraction. In addition, the emission index of NO classified according to the NO formation mechanism was analyzed. The formation trend of NO according to each analysis condition was presented.

Performance of ISC model-Predicting short-term concentrations around waste incinerator plant (ISC모델의 적용성 평가 - 소각장 주변지역의 단기농도예측)

  • 정상진
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.12 no.7
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    • pp.809-816
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    • 2003
  • The short-term version of Industrial Source Complex Model(ISCST3) was evaluated for estimating short-term concentrations using criteria pollutant(SO$_2$, NO$_2$, CO, PM10) data from emission inventory of Young Tong area in Suwon for the year 2002. The contribution of pollutant concentration from point, line, area sources was found 21.8, 76.5 and 1.6%. Statistical parameters, such as correlation coefficient, index of agreement(IA), normalized mean square error(NMSE) and fractional bias(FB) were calculated for each pollutants. The model performance were found good for PM10(82%) and NO$_2$(69%), but poor for SO$_2$(34%) and CO(13%).

Estimation of Ammonia Emission During Composting Iivestock Manure Based on the Degree of Compost Maturity (축분 퇴비화 과정 중 퇴비 부숙도를 고려한 암모니아 발생량 산정)

  • 김기연;최홍림;고한종;김치년
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.123-130
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    • 2006
  • Principal aim of this study is to suggest the statistical equation model which can predict an amount of ammonia emission according to the degree of compost maturity during composting livestock manure. Composting process was classified with intial, midterm and final phase based on germination index of compost samples. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN) and organic matter(OM) were selected as the independent variables available to contribute to ammonia emission from composting pile. Ammonia concentration measured in the samples taken at the intial phase was about 10ppm, sharply increased to 50ppm at the midterm phase, and gradually decreased to about 10ppm. The contents of Total Kjeldahl nitrogen and organic matter through whole composting period were ranged from 0.6 to 1.2% and from 30 to 40%, respectively, were reduced slightly at the midterm phase, but generally showed no constant fluctuation pattern. In estimating ammonia emission with application of the statistical equation model, the coefficients of independent variables at the midterm phase when an average concentration of ammonia was highest showed a relatively high values whereas those at the initial phase when an that of ammonia was lowest indicated a relatively low values. However, no statistical significance was found in the coefficients of independent variables and the equation model. Additionally, the further research, which can include the considerable analysis data with more samples taken than this study, is needed in order to suggest the statistically significant equation model available to predict ammonia emission during composting process.