• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2006

Normal mixture model(NMM) frequently used to cluster genes on microarray gene expression data. In this paper some of component means of NMM are modelled by a linear regression model so that its design matrix presents the pattern between sample classes in microarray matrix. This modelling for the component means by given design matrices certainly has an advantage that we can lead the clusters that are previously designed. However, it suffers from 'overfitting' problem because in practice genes often are highly dimensional. This problem also arises when the NMM restricted by the linear model for component-means is fitted. To cope with this problem, in this paper, the use of the factor analyzer NMM restricted by linear model is proposed to cluster genes. Also several design matrices which are useful for clustering genes are provided.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp. 7-18
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• 2024

The present study focuses on the activities and efforts of the National Mission for Manuscripts (NMM) in the Uttar Pradesh region, which is known for its vast area, population, and rich cultural heritage. The aim is to examine the digitization work carried out by the NMM in this area, as digitization plays a crucial role in preserving our country's rich ancient heritage. The importance of safeguarding cultural heritage is universally acknowledged, and digitization serves as a vital tool in this endeavour. Through digitization, we can protect and preserve our heritage for future generations. The government has implemented several commendable initiatives for manuscript digitization, and the NMM stands as a prominent organization dedicated to the conservation of cultural heritage. The NMM possesses a diverse range of cultural heritage resources, including photographic slides, photographs, digital images, photo-negatives, motion pictures, audio spools, microfiche, LP records, endangered manuscripts, audio and videotapes, digital images, microfilms, digital audio and video files, and more. The mission has undertaken extensive digitization efforts to conserve and provide access to a significant portion of its collection. This study is unique as it explores the digital conservation and digitization practices of a premier institute working in the field of art and cultural heritage in Uttar Pradesh. With its extensive network of institutions, the mission aims to cover all manuscripts, digitize them, and consolidate them on a common platform for easy access and utilization.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.58-62
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 링크의 지속적인 안정성을 위해 중심국 모듈을 이중화로 구성하고 이중화로 구성된 모듈을 제어하는 위성 통신 시스템에 대해 소개하고자 한다. 위성 통신 시스템의 중심국 구성 모듈을 이중화함으로써 불안정한 링크나 중심국의 구성 모듈의 오류 등으로 인한 서비스 중단을 최소화할 수 있다. 이를 통해 차세대 VSAT 서비스 및 방송 서비스에의 효율적인 활용 기술을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 예상해 본다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.216-233
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• 2021

In this work, Rhizophora spp. particleboard phantoms were made using SPI-based adhesives, modified with sodium hydroxide and itaconic acid polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%). An X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging system was used to ascertain the CT numbers and density distribution profiles of the particleboards. The SPI-based/NaOH/IA-PAE/Rhizophora spp. particleboard phantoms with 15 wt% IA-PAE addition level had the highest solid content, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and internal bonding strength of 36.06 ± 1.08%, 18.61 ± 0.38 Nmm^-2, 7605.76 ± 0.89 Nmm^-2, and 0.463 ± 0.053 Nmm^-2, respectively. The moisture content, mass density, water absorption, and dimensional stability were 6.93 ± 0.27%, 0.962 ± 0.037 gcm^-3, 22.36 ± 2.47%, and 10.90 ± 0.86%, respectively. The results revealed that the mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic number values within the 16.59-25.26 keV photon energy region, were close to the calculated XCOM values in water, with a p-value of 0.077. Moreover, the CT images showed that the dissimilarities in the discrepancy of the profile density decreased as the IA-PAE concentrations increased. Therefore, these results support the appropriateness of the SPI-based/NaOH/IA-PAE/Rhizophora spp. particleboard with 15 wt% IA-PAE adhesive as a suitable tissue-equivalent phantom material for medical health applications.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.683-696
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• 2023

The destruction and fracture of rock masses are crucial components in engineering and there is an increasing demand for the study of the influence of rock mass heterogeneity on the safety of engineering projects. The numerical manifold method (NMM) has a unified solution format for continuous and discontinuous problems. In most NMM studies, material homogeneity has been assumed and despite this simplification, fracture mechanics remain complex and simulations are inefficient because of the complicated topology updating operations that are needed after crack propagation. These operations become computationally expensive especially in the cases of heterogeneous materials. In this study, a heterogeneous model algorithm based on stochastic theory was developed and introduced into the NMM. A new fracture algorithm was developed to simulate the rupture zone. The algorithm was validated for the examples of the four-point shear beam and semi-circular bend. Results show that the algorithm can efficiently simulate the rupture zone of heterogeneous rock masses. Heterogeneity has a powerful effect on the macroscopic failure characteristics and uniaxial compressive strength of rock masses. The peak strength of homogeneous material (with heterogeneity or standard deviation of 0) is 2.4 times that of heterogeneous material (with heterogeneity of 11.0). Moreover, the local distribution of parameter values can affect the configuration of rupture zones in rock masses. The local distribution also influences the peak value on the stress-strain curve and the residual strength. The post-peak stress-strain curve envelope from 60 random calculations can be used as an estimate of the strength of engineering rock masses.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.780-786
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• 2007

Statement of problem. The performance and maintenance of implant-supported prostheses are primarily dependent upon load transmission both at the bone-to-implant interface and within the implant-abutment-prosthesis complex. The design of the interface between components has been shown to have a profound influence on the stability of screw joints. Purpose. The Purpose of this study was to compare the strength and the fatigue resistance of 1-piece and 2-piece abutment connected to oral implant, utilizing an internal conical interface. Material and methods. Twenty $Implatium^{(R)}$ tapered implants were embedded to the top of the fixture in acrylic resin blocks. Ten $Combi^{(R)}$(1-piece) and $Dual^{(R)}$(2-piece) abutments of the same dimension were assembled to the implant, respectively. The assembled units were mounted in a testing machine. A load was applied perpendicular to the long axis of the assemblies and the loading points was at the distance of 7mm from the block surface. Half of 1-piece and 2-piece abutment-implant units were tested for the evaluation of the bending strength, and the others were cyclically loaded for the evaluation of the fatigue resistance until plastic deformation occurred. Nonparametric statistical analysis was performed for the results. Results. Mean plastic and maximum bending moment were $1,900{\pm}18Nmm,\;3,609{\pm}106Nmm$ for the 1-piece abutment, and $1,250{\pm}31Nmm,\;2,688{\pm}166Nmm$ for the 2-piece abutment, respectively. Mean cycles and standard deviation when implant-abutment joint showed a first plastic deformation were $238,610{\pm}44,891$. cycles for the 1-piece abutment and $9,476{\pm}3,541$ cycles for the 2-piece abutment. A 1-piece abutment showed significantly higher value than a 2-piece abutment in the first plastic bending moment (p<.05), maximum bending moment (p<.05) and fatigue strength (p<.05). Conclusion. Both 1-piece and 2-piece conical abutment had high strength and fatigue resistance and this suggests long-term durability without mechanical complication. However, the 1-piece conical abutment was more stable than the 2-piece conical abutment in the strength and the fatigue resistance.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.613-622
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• 2015

급격하게 발전하는 IT 기술과 국내 해상에 넓게 분포된 해양시설물의 모니터링 시스템이 융합된 효율적인 모니터링 시스템은 필수적이다. 특히 스마트폰과 스마트패드의 보급 및 스마트 TV등의 등장은 다양한 기기 환경에서 편리하게 모니터링을 할 수 있는 환경을 제공하였고, 해양시설물의 관리자가 언제 어디서나 해양시설물을 모니터링 할 수 있게 하였다. 그러나 현재 이용되고 있는 스마트폰과 스마트패드 등은 제조사 및 적용되는 OS에 따라 다양한 환경내에서 모니터링 시스템의 서비스가 어렵다. 또한 각 디바이스별로 모니터링 시스템을 별도로 개발해야 하는 불편함이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 NMMS(N-Screen Marine-facility Monitoring System)를 제안한다. NMMS는 효율적인 해양시설물의 모니터링 시스템을 위해 해양시설물의 전력 상태와 제어 상태를 실시간으로 확인 할 수 있는 실시간 모니터링 시스템과, 해양시설물의 고장진단을 확인할 수 있는 고장진단 시스템, 그리고 해양시설물의 모니터링 데이터를 장기간 저장 및 확인할 수 있는 데이터 저장 시스템으로 구성된다. NMMS는 최근 각광받는 웹 표준 언어인 HTML 5를 이용해 각종 디바이스에서 접근성을 용이하게 하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 NMMS를 이용하여 관리자 및 관리단체가 사용하고 있는 개인 PC, 노트북, 스마트폰, 스마트패드 등의 다양한 기기 및 다양한 OS의 종류에 제한받지 않고 해양시설물의 모니터링을 가능하게 하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.515-518
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• 1995

YSe1.83 was synthesized by vapor transport technique and its crystal structure was determined. The structure was isostructure of LaTe2-x, which was layered structure consisting of two-atom thick layers of YSe with distorted NaCl-type structure and one-atom thick layer of Se. The substructure of YSe1.83 was tetragonal with space group of P4/nmm and a=4.011(2) and c=8.261(3) Å with final R/Rw=6.4/6.9 %. The superstructure with asuper=2a, bsuper=6b and csuper=2c was found. The measurements of electronic and magnetic properties of this compound indicate that it is an electronic insulator and diamagnet.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.911-917
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• 2015

Citronellal, a well-known plant-derived mosquito repellent, was previously reported to repel Drosophila melanogaster via olfactory pathways involving but not directly activating Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). Here, we show that citronellal is a direct agonist for Drosophila and human TRPA1s (dTRPA1 and hTRPA1) as well as Anopheles gambiae TRPA1 (agTRPA1). Citronellal-induced activity is isoform-dependent for Drosophila and Anopheles gambiae TRPA1s. The recently identified dTRPA1(A) and ag-TRPA1(A) isoforms showed citronellal-provoked currents with EC50s of $1.0{\pm}0.2$ and $0.1{\pm}0.03mM$, respectively, in Xenopus oocytes, while the sensitivities of TRPA1(B)s were much inferior to those of TRPA1(A)s. Citronellal dramatically enhanced the feeding-inhibitory effect of the TRPA1 agonist N-methylmaleimide (NMM) in Drosophila at an NMM concentration that barely repels flies. Thus, citronellal can promote feeding deterrence of fruit flies through direct action on gustatory dTRPA1, revealing the first isoform-specific function for TRPA1(A).

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1045-1057
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• 2022

최근 양자 내성 암호 표준화 사업을 진행 중인 미국의 국립표준기술연구소는 표준화가 확정된 4개의 알고리즘을 발표하였다. 본 논문에서는 PKE/KEM 분야에서 표준화가 확정된 CRYSTALS-KYBER 알고리즘의 복호화 과정 중 비프로파일링 기반 전력 분석 공격인 CPA(Correlation Power Analysis)와 DDLA(Differential Deep Learning Analysis)에 의해 개인 키가 노출될 수 있음을 보이고자 한다. 실험 결과 개인 키의 일차 다항식 계수복구에 성공하였으며, 특히 DDLA에서는 중간 값의 해밍 웨이트(Hamming Weight)를 라벨로 사용하는 모델에서 평가 기법인 NMM(Normalized Maximum Margin)의 값이 13.0으로 가장 높은 값을 가져 개인 키를 복구할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 복호화 과정 중 암호문을 랜덤하게 분할하고 계수별 곱셈 연산의 시작 지점을 랜덤화하는 방어 기법을 적용하면 상기한 공격을 방어하는 것을 확인하였다.