• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2020

The appearance of white striations over breast meat is an emerging and growing problem. The main purpose of this study was to employ the reflectance of visible-near infrared (VIS/NIR) spectroscopy to differentiate between normal and white striped turkey breasts. Accordingly, 34 turkey breast fillets were selected representing a different level of white striping (WS) defects (normal, moderate and severe). The findings of VIS/NIR were analyzed by principal component (PC1) analysis (PCA). It was found that the first PC1 for VIS, NIR and VIS/NIR region explained 98%, 97%, and 96% of the total variation, respectively. PCA showed high performance to differentiate normal meat from abnormal meat (moderate and severe WS). In conclusion, the results of this research showed that VIS/NIR spectroscopy was satisfactory to differentiate normal from severe WS turkey fillets by using several quality traits.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1072-1072
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• 2001

The purpose of this research is to evaluate rapid determination of phosphorus in soils using NIR spectroscopy. The soil samples from the fields subject to different crops and land-use in Kyeongbook province, Korea were used to make the calibration and validation of the calibration set estimating phosphorus in soil. The NIR reflectance was scanned at 2nm intervals from 1100 to 2500nm with an InfraAlyzer 500 (Bran+Luebbe Co.). Various regression analyses were used to evaluate a NIRS method for determination of phosphorus in the soil. NIR absorption approach requires many soil samples to obtain optimal prediction. Applicability of NIR spectra technique may allow for the analysis of available soil phosphorus rapidly as well as total component within a few seconds.

• Near Infrared Analysis
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-30
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• 2000

In this study, we investigated the feasibility of non-destructive determination of internal quality factors of Fuji apple fruit using near infrared(NIR) reflectance spectroscopy and developed the calibration models. As the reference methods, refractometer, titration and texture analyzer for sugar content, acidity and firmness were used, respectively. Samples were scanned from 1100∼2500nm with InfraAlyzer 500C spectrometer and SESAME software was used for data analysis. A multiple linear regression(MLR) analysis was performed to develop the calibrations. The correlation coefficient(R) and standard error of prediction(SEP) were as follows; 0.91, 0.41$^{\circ}$Brix for sugar content, 0.90, 0.04% for acidity and 0.84, 0.094 kg for firmness, respectively. This study shows that NIR spectroscopy can be used to evaluate the sugar content acidity and firmness of apple fruit with acceptable accuracy.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1271-1271
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• 2001

Water pollutants in drainage mainly consist of organic compounds. Hence, total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were generally used as the indices of pollution. However, these values are determined by special analyzer (TOC), titration method (COD), or microbe culture (BOD). Therefore, the development of simple and easy methods for the determination of water pollution is required. The authors reported the evaluation of water pollution by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in a model system with food components (Takamura et al. (200) Near Infrared Spectroscopy: Proceedings of 9th International Conference, pp. 503-507). In this study, the relationship between NIR spectra and drainage was investigated in order to develop a method for evaluation of drainage by NIR. Drainage was obtained in Nara Purification Center. The ranges of TOC, COD, and BOD were 0-130, 0-100 and 0-200, respectively. NIR transmittance spectra were recorded on NIR Systems Model 6250 Research Composition Analyzer in the wavelength range of 680-1235 and 1100-2500 nm with a quartz cell (light path: 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 10mm) at 10-40. Statistical analysis was performed using NSAS program. A partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis was used for calibration. As the result, a good correlation between the raw NIR spectra and OC was obtained in the calibration. The best light path was 10 and 0.5mm in the wavelength range of 680-1235 and 110-2500nm, respectively. In the calibration, correlation coefficients(R) were 096-0.97 in the both range. In the prediction, however, a good correlation (R=0.89-0.96) was obtained only in the range of 6801235 nm, Similar results were obtained in the cases of COD and BOD. These results suggest the possibility that NIR spectroscopy can be used to evaluate drainage.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1192-1192
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• 2001

Usually there are many furnaces in a ethylene plant and the performance of total furnaces can be improved if that of each furnace is monitored and controlled. For this purpose real-time data for the effluent of each furnace is necessary. However, it is very difficult to analyze the total effluent stream of a ethylene furnace by real-time because it is composed of so many components including heavy hydrocarbons. Fortunately, component data for lighter hydrocarbons is much more important than that of heavier ones for ethylene furnace. In ordinary case, the on-line measurement of light hydrocarbons is performed by on-stream gas chromatography, after separating gas-phase part from effluent. The main and important components of gas-phase are Methane, Ethane, Ethylene, and Propylene. If we can use Near-infrared spectroscopy for measuring those components within good reproducibility, shorter analysis time, better repeatability, easier maintenance and lower cost will make Near-infrared (NIR) analyzer replace on-stream gas chromatography in this process. Although it is known to be very difficult to measure gas components because of very weak absorption in Near-infrared region, we have studied the feasibility of the application of NIR for the measurement of gas-phase hydrocarbon in the effluent of ethylene furnace. The samples were obtained from actual process and NIR spectra were collected over 1100 to 2500nm range. NIR spectra and calibrations showed and demonstrated the possibility of extending NIR spectroscopy to the measurement of gas-phase hydrocarbon in the effluent of ethylene furnace.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1288-1288
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• 2001

X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is utilized for determination of polymorphism in crystalline organic materials. Though convenient to use in a laboratory setting, XRD is not easily adapted to in situ monitoring of synthetic chemical production applications. Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) can be adapted to in situ manufacturing schemes by use of a source/detector probe. Conversely, NIR is unable to conclusively define the existence of polymorphism in crystalline materials. By combining the two techniques, a novel simultaneous NIR/XRD instrument has been developed. During material's analysis, results from XRD allow for defining the polymorphic phase present, and NIR data are collected as a fingerprint for each of the observed polymorphs. These NIR fingerprints will allow for the development of a library, which can be referenced during the use of a NIR probe in manufacturing settings.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1022-1022
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• 2001

To obtain accurate and repeatable analyses using NIR technology it is important to select an NIR instrument and / or its sample presentation attachments which allow the operator to minimize sampling errors without compromising the benefits of NIR analysis -namely rapid, low cost, minimal sample preparation, minimal structural facilities, minimal hazards. For each sample type and consistency there may be different optimal combinations of instrument, sample presentation attachment, and sample preparation. This paper will consider options available to NIR users in the area of plant and soil analysis and evaluate the potential benefits and disadvantages of crop nutrient diagnoses using laboratory based and airborne imaging techniques.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2001

실험실에서의 기존의 토양분석방법은 많은 시약을 사용하고 분석시간이 많이 걸린다. 본 연구는 근적외 분광분석기를 이용하여 토양의 여러 가지 이화학성분에 대한 측정결과를 검토하였다. 토양시료를 몰탈로 갈아서 토양입자를 0.2mm의 체를 통과시킨 140점의 토양시료를 85점은 근적외 분광분석기(InfraAlyzer 500, Bran & Luebbe Co.)로 표준곡선을 작성하고 나머지 55점의 토양시료는 표준곡선을 이용하여 토양의 이화학성중에서 토양 pH, CEC, 치환성 Ca, Mg, K 및 유효규산, 휴믹산 및 전기전도도(EC)를 추정하였다. 표준곡선은 부분최소자승법을 이용하여 작성하였다. 토양시료를 곱게 분쇄하면 근적외선의 고른 확산반사를 얻을 수 있어서, 근적외 분광분석기를 이용하여 여러 기지 토양의 화학성을 수초내에 추정할 수 있어 토양검정에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1171-1171
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• 2001

Quantitative analysis is an important requirement in exploration, mining and processing of minerals. There is an increasing need for the use of quantitative mineralogical data to assist with bore hole logging, deposit delineation, grade control, feed to processing plants and monitoring of solid process residues. Quantitative analysis using X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) requires fine grinding and the addition of a reference material, or the application of Rietveld analysis to XRD patterns to provide accurate analysis of the suite of minerals present. Whilst accurate quantitative data can be obtained in this manner, the method is time consuming and limited to the laboratory. Mid infrared when combined with multivariant analysis has also been used for quantitative analysis. However, factors such as the absorption coefficients and refractive index of the minerals requires special sample preparation and dilution in a dispersive medium, such as KBr to minimize distortion of spectral features. In contrast, the lower intensity of the overtones and combinations of the fundamental vibrations in the near infrared allow direct measurement of virtually any solid without special sample preparation or dilution. Thus Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) has found application for quantitative on-line/in line analysis and control in a range of processing applications which include, moisture control in clay and textile processing, fermentation processes, wheat analysis, gasoline analysis and chemicals and polymers. It is developing rapidly in the mineral exploration industry and has been underpinned by the development of portable NIR spectrometers and spectral libraries of a wide range of minerals. For example, iron ores have been identified and characterized in terms of the individual mineral components using field spectrometers. Data acquisition time of NIR field instruments is of the order of seconds and sample preparation is minimal. Consequently these types of spectrometers have great potential for in-line or on-line application in the minerals industry. To demonstrate the applicability of NIR field spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of minerals, a specific example on the quantification of lateritic bauxites will be presented. It has been shown that the application of Partial Least Squares regression analysis (PLS) to the NIR spectra can be used to quantify chemistry and mineralogy in a range of lateritic bauxites. Important, issues such as sampling, precision, repeatability, and replication which influence the results will be discussed.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1052-1052
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• 2001

Hear infrared (NIR) spectra were measured, at five temperatures, for forty-eight samples of honey, from a variety of geographical and botanical sources, and the data has been used to explore the possibility of using NIR spectroscopy for testing label claims concerning the geographical and botanical source of honey being offered for sale to the public. These results demonstrate that the successful characterization of the botanical source of a honey may be obtained by NIR spectroscopy. Further work with large numbers of samples and groups will be required to realized this potential. Additional analysis of these data suggest that research into new ways of obtaining information on the change of absorption with temperature might be beneficial for a range of technologies.