• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.222-225
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• 2005

Stimulatory effects of near infra-red (NIR) rays radiation have been studied within the limits of photosynthesis, phototaxis, and photodermatology. While most of these studies have been done by direct NIR radiation, we investigated the effects of the NIR rays-treated materials on microbial growth. NIR in wavelength of 1,400${\~}$1,700 nm was applied for different kind of materials. Under fast growing conditions in rich media, materials treated with the NIR rays or not did not show any differences in growth of microorganisms. However, under slow growing conditions in minimal media, data showed that NIR rays-treated cloths and hygienic bands affect negatively on the growth of bacteria (Salmonella enteritidis) and fungi (Candida albicans). In addition, it was estimated that the effect of NIR rays on bacterial growth is kept going on S. enteritidis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.591-598
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• 2012

Denitrification is an important biological mechanism in wastewater treatment process because this process is technically to remove nitrogen from water to air. There have been lots of study about denitrification engineering and molecular biological research about denitrifying bacteria, respectively. However, combination of these researches was unusual and rare. This study is about the correlation between quantity of denitrifying bacteria and denitrification potential, and consists of NUR batch test as analysis method of denitrification potential and quantitative molecular analysis for denitrifying bacteria. Three reactors (A/O, MLE and A/O of nitrogen deficiency) are operated to get activated sludge with various denitrification potential. All samples which were acquired from reactors were measured denitrification potential by NUR test and NUiR test. Also, Real-time PCR was conducted for quantification of denitrifying bacteria composition in activated sludge. The various denitrification potentials were measured in the reactors. The denitrifiaction potential was the highest in MLE process and the reactor of the nitrogen deficiency showed the lowest. Genomic DNA of activated sludge was obtained and consequently, real-time PCRuse the primer sets of nirK and nirS　were conducted to quantify genes involving denitrification reductase production. As the result of real-time PCR, nirK gene showed more significant influence on denitrification potential comapred with nirS gene.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.679-684
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• 2023

Venous puncture is widely used to obtain blood samples for pathological examination. Because the invasive venipuncture method using a needle is repeatedly performed, the pain suffered by the patient increases, so our research team pre-developed a miniaturized near-infrared (NIR) imaging system in advance. To improve the image quality of the acquired NIR images, this study aims to model the non-local means (NLM) algorithm, which is well known to be efficient in noise reduction, and analyze its applicability in the system. The developed NIR imaging system is based on the principle that infrared rays pass through dichroic and long-pass filters and are detected by a CMOS sensor module. The proposed NLM algorithm is modeled based on the principle of replacing the pixel from which noise is to be removed with a value that reflects the distances between surrounding pixels. After acquiring an NIR image with a central wavelength of 850 nm, the NLM algorithm was applied to segment the final vein area through histogram equalization. As a result, the coefficient of variation of the NIR image of the vein using the NLM algorithm was 0.247 on average, which was an excellent result compared to conventional filtering methods. In addition, the dice similarity coefficient value of the NLM algorithm was improved by 62.91 and 9.40%, respectively, compared to the median filter and total variation methods. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the NLM algorithm can acquire accurate segmentation of veins acquired with a NIR imaging system.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2004

A total of 40 Korean and Japanese rice varieties were evaluated for their main chemical components, physical properties, cooking quality, pasting properties, and instrumental measurements. Based on their quality evaluations, it was concluded that Korean and Japanese rice varieties were not significantly different in the basic components of NIR (Near Infra Red) data and the chemical analysis from the uncooked brown and milled rices. Korean rice had a little bit higher protein and amylose contents but much lower fat acidity than those of Japanese rice from the chemical analysis. From all the data of three different kinds of NIR methods, Korean and Japanese milled rice were very similar except the taste score. Japanese rice showed a slightly higher taste score, a little bit higher lightness and whiteness, but lower yellowness and redness than Korean one. From all those data of NIR and the chemical analysis, Korean and Japanese rices had very similar components except the fat content.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2016

In this study, we classified three copying papers and Korean, Chinese, and Japanese traditional papers using IR and/or NIR spectra and principal component analysis. Various chemicals are used when producing fine papers. In this case, the IR method to analyze functional groups is suitable for the classification of paper. On the other hand, NIR analysis is more suitable for the classification of traditional papers, as it uses nearly raw materials (pulp). Therefore, principal component analysis using IR and NIR depending on the paper production process will be the classification tool of paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1628-1628
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• 2001

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for non-destructive analysis that can be obtained in a wide range of environments. Recently, NIR measurements have been utilized as probe for quantitative analysis in agricultural, industrial, and medical sciences. In addition, it is also possible to make practical application on NIR for molecular structural analysis. In this work, Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) measurements were carried out to utilize extensively in the relative amounts of different secondary structures were employed, such as Iysozyme, concanavalin A, silk fibroin and so on. Several broad NIR bands due to the protein absorption were observed between 4000 and $5000\;^{-1}$. In order to obtain more structural information from these featureless bands, second derivative and Fourier-self-deconvolution procedures were performed. Significant band separation was observed near the feature at $4610\;^{-1}$ ,. Particularly the peak intensity at $4525\;^{-1}$ shows a characteristic change with thermal denaturation of fibroin. The structural information can be also obtained by mid-IR and CD spectral. Correlation of NIR spectra with protein structure is discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1288-1288
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• 2001

X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is utilized for determination of polymorphism in crystalline organic materials. Though convenient to use in a laboratory setting, XRD is not easily adapted to in situ monitoring of synthetic chemical production applications. Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIR) can be adapted to in situ manufacturing schemes by use of a source/detector probe. Conversely, NIR is unable to conclusively define the existence of polymorphism in crystalline materials. By combining the two techniques, a novel simultaneous NIR/XRD instrument has been developed. During material's analysis, results from XRD allow for defining the polymorphic phase present, and NIR data are collected as a fingerprint for each of the observed polymorphs. These NIR fingerprints will allow for the development of a library, which can be referenced during the use of a NIR probe in manufacturing settings.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

This study extracted Near Infrared (NIR) band using Image Processing Technology (IPT), and calculated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Aerial photography from Daum portal in combination with high resolution satellite image was employed to improve vegetation sensitivity by extracting NIR band and calculating NDVI with comparison to QuickBird result. The extracted NIR band and NDVI through IPT presented similar distribution pattern. In addition, a regression analysis by land cover character showed high correlation paddy and forest Therefore, this approach could be acceptable to acquire vegetation environment information.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.458-462
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• 2005

The water content of skin was determined using a FT near infrared (NIR) spectrometer. NIR diffuse reflectance spectra were collected from hairless mouse, in vitro, and from human inner arm, in vivo. It was found that the variation of NIR absorbance band 1450 nm from OH vibration of water and 1940 nm from the combination involving OH stretching and OH deformation, depending on the absolute water content of separated hairless mouse skin, in vitro, using the FT NIR spectrometer. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to develop a calibration model. The PLS model showed good correlation. For practical use of the evaluation of human skin moisture, the PLS model for human skin moisture was developed in vivo on the basis of the relative water content of stratum corneum from the conventional capacitance method. The PLS model predicted human skin moisture with a standard errors of prediction (SEP) of 3.98 at 1130-1830 nm range. These studies showed the possibility of a rapid and nondestructive skin moisture measurement using FT NIR spectrometer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2004

Farmers need timely information on the nutritional status of their animals and the nutritive value of pastures and supplementary feeds if they are to apply successfully this existing nutritional information. Near infrared reflectance(NIR) spectroscopy has been used over the last forty years to analyse accurately protein, fiber, and other organic components in animal foods. NIR spectroscopy is a rapid, non-destructive, and non-polluting technology. When properly calibrated, NIR spectroscopy is used successfully with both concentrate and forage feeds. NIR methods predict in vitro digestibility accurately and precisely, and can predict in vivo digestibility at least as well as conventional "wet chemistry" methods such as in vivo digestion or the pepsin-cellulase method, and much more rapidly. NIR technology has been applied to the routine monitoring (through analysis of feces samples) of the nutritional status of cattle and other grazing animals. This report reviews the use of near infrared reflectance(NIR) spectroscopy to monitor the nutritive value of animal feeds and the nutritional status of grazing animals.