• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.625-637
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• 2022

Axial compression capacity (P_u) is a significant yet complex parameter of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns. This study offers a novel ensemble tool, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) supervised by equilibrium optimization (EO), for accurately predicting this parameter. Moreover, grey wolf optimization (GWO) and Harris hawk optimizer (HHO) are considered as comparative supervisors. The used data is taken from earlier literature provided by finite element analysis. ANFIS is trained by several population sizes of the EO, GWO, and HHO to detect the best configurations. At a glance, the results showed the competency of such ensembles for learning and reproducing the P_u behavior. In details, respective mean absolute errors along with correlation values of 4.1809% and 0.99564, 10.5947% and 0.98006, and 4.8947% and 0.99462 obtained for the EO-ANFIS, GWO-ANFIS, and HHO-ANFIS, respectively, indicated that the proposed EO-ANFIS can analyze and predict the behavior of CFST columns with the highest accuracy. Considering both time and accuracy, the EO provides the most efficient optimization of ANFIS and can be a nice substitute for experimental approaches.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.187-199
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• 1985

The low-temperatured radiant heating System like a panel heating system is recognized as nice means to make comfortable indoor environment. Perhaps, 'Ondol' would be a typical example of the Panel heating system. Nevertheless. Occupants in a radiantly heated Space which has an asymmetric radiant field may feel thermally discomfort due to the asymmetric radiation. The aim of this Study is to suggest the fundamental technical data for establishing Standards of thermally comfortable environment when designing a radiant heating System. Thermal distribution of indoor environment and the skin temperature of the occupants were measured at experimental room in KIER (Korea Institute of Energy and Resources). Whole/Regional thermal and comfort Sensation votes of the occupants were taken simultaneously in order to investigate the relationships between thermal environmental factor and the occupants' responses. The effect of an asymmetric radiation on thermal environment and the occupants' responses was analyzed by using a v.r.t.(vector radiant temperature). By this means, the thermally neutral limits for the ambient air temperature and the floor surface temperature by the occupants' responses were Obtained. And the recommended temperature limits of the indoor surface were derived from the experimental work and the theory of radiant and will provide thermal neutrality for man without any discomfort on the part of the body.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.8.1-8.4
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to suggest that activities consisting of sympathy and gratitude are the way to healing. In our team's Hope World (希望世上), we changed the lyrics of GunbamTaryeong, which Koreans know the most, to create a healing Taryeong. The iterative refrain changed to "It's nice, it's hope, it's a good world for everyone." "The Wind Blows, Spring Has Come, The Moon Is Bright" will be the beginning of each chapter in GunbamTaryeong. It looks like a bright lyric, but it also shows both sides. All members participated in changing the lyrics, harmonizing the lyrics and rhythm, preparing props, playing musical instruments, and exciting performances. Therefore, it can be said that it is the story of healing where everyone is together. The song of Hope World is a real Taryeong that heals those who plan together, sing together, play musical instruments together. It's a "hope-Taryeong (希望打令)" who dreams of a "everyone good world." It's a Taryeong that lingers in my mouth and comes to mind. In this way, activities consisting of mutual cooperation and love doubled gratitude and sympathy for each other, and we think healing was achieved in the process. In this study, we suggest that sympathy and gratitude are perhaps the first steps towards healing. The Hope World Song (希望世上歌) is available on our channel YouTube (https://youtu.be/hgPiD4g2-iM).

• CELLMED
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.17.1-17.1
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• 2022

PoongLyuYak exists everywhere. If you read the poem and get inspired, it becomes poem Yak (詩藥, poem medicine). If you look at the picture and fall it, it becomes picture Yak. When you feel refreshed by travelling, it becomes travel Yak. Music, dance, movie, nature, etc. are very nice examples. Even a leisurely life of driving, eating out, and drinking coffee is good PoongLyuYak for the body. Whether you're alone or in a group, if you can enjoy it, it's good medicine. According to the logic of the windy and flowing world, anything that can transform one's emotions, whether happy, sad, or trivial, can be a PoongLyuYak. This PoongLyuYak may be more effective than oral medications, inhalants, ointments, or injections. Rather than simply watching, listening, or imitating others, the effect is enormous when participating directly and performing and creative activities. The pleasure of seeing Heung-min Son playing soccer is also a PoongLyuYak, but it can be more enjoyable and the medicinal effect is much greater if you enjoy soccer yourself. Here are some examples of PoongLyu medicines the authors took with the joy of creation.

• NICE (News & Information for Chemical Engineers)
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2013

석탄가스화 기술은 석탄의 에너지원으로서의 중요성에 더하여 고효율 고청정 에너지화 기술이라는 측면에서 많은 기술선진국에서 시장 선점을 위하여 다양한 석탄가스화 기술을 개발하고 있다. 초기에는 미국과 유럽을 중심으로 기술개발이 이루어졌으나 최근에는 일본과 중국에서도 상업화 기술을 보유하는 수준에 이르렀다. 특히 중국은 우리나라보다 뒤늦게 기술개발을 시작하여 2000년 이전에만 하여도 석탄가스화 기술의 후진국이었으나 최근에는 ECUST와 TPRI 등이 주도적으로 기술개발을 진행하고 집중적인 연구개발 지원에 힘입어 이제 2,000톤/일급 이상의 가스화기 개발을 완료하고 수십기의 상업용 실적을 보유하는 등으로 비약적인 발전을 이루었다. 반면에 우리나라는 중국보다 이른 시점인 1990년대 초반부터 가스화 기술개발을 시작하여 많은 기술축적을 이루어 미분탄 기류 수송, 슬러리 제조, 탈황 기술 등의 일부 요소기술에서는 세계 수준급의 기술을 확보하고 있으나 연구비의 제한적인 투자로 인하여 규모의 측면에서는 아직 수톤~수십톤/일급 가스화기의 운전 또는 설계 진행 수준에 머무르고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 에너지의 대부분을 수입한다는 측면을 고려할 때에 저가의 에너지원 확보 및 에너지원의 다양성 확보 측면에서 석탄에너지 활용은 필수적이므로 석탄 활용 기술, 특히 석탄가스화 기술 개발에 많은 관심을 기울일 필요성이 아주 강하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.184-189
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• 1999

1000 $\AA$ thick Fe films were epitaxially grown on MgO(001) by an rf sputtering and effects of substrate temperature on the structural and magnetic properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction intensity increased with increasing substrate temperature and inter-planar spacing $d_{(002)}$ decrease with increasing the temperature up to 25$0^{\circ}C$. The increased intensity and decreased inter-planar spacing were thought to be attributed to the enhancement of lattice match between Fe films and MgO, thus yielding good epitaxial growth. By using torque magnetometer, VSM and pole figure, very nice epitaxial growth of sputtered Fe films on MgO could be confirmed and $K_1$ value of Fe films grown at 25$0^{\circ}C$ was $4.6{\times}10^5\;erg/cc$, which was very similar to that of bulk single Fe crystal.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.202-212
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• 2005

In the design of an of offshore structure located near an underwater shoal, the same amount of attention given to the wave height may have to be put to the wave induced current as well since some of the wave energy translates to the current. In the present study, two numerical models each based on the nonlinear Boussinesq equation and the linear mild slope equation are applied to calculate the wave deformation and secondly induced current around a shoal. The underwater shoal in Vincent and briggs' experiment (1989) is used here, and all non-breaking wave conditions of the experiment with various monochromatic and unidirectional or multidirectional spectral wave incidences are concerned. Both numerical models clearly showed wave induced currents symmetrically farmed along the centerline over the shoal. The calculated wave heights along a preset line also generally showed very nice agreements with the experimental values.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2013

Mobile robot has the exploration function in order to perform its own task. Robot exploration can be used in many applications such as surveillance, rescue and resource detection. The workspace that robots performed in was complicated or quite wide, the multi search using the several mobile robots was mainly used. In this paper, we proposed a scheme that all areas are searched for by using one robot. The method to be proposed extract a area that can be explored in the workspace then the robot investigates the area and updates the map at the same time. The explored area is saved as a hybrid map that combines the nice attributes of the grid and topological maps. The robot can produce the safe navigation route without the obstacles by using hybrid map. The proposed hybrid map uses less memory than a grid map, but it can be used for complete coverage with the same efficiency of a topological map. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can generate a map of an environment with only 6% of the memory that a grid map requires.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4910-4916
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• 2012

Changes of low concentrated nitrogen-phosphate removal efficiency were investigated in 4 strains of marine bacteria applied to ceramic media. Marine bacteria were isolated and identified from Gwangyang bay. Growth rates and removal efficiencies of $NH_3$-N of 4 strains of marine bacteria applied to ceramic media were increased approximately 3 fold and over 30% than control group, respectively. A. hydrophila and P. diminuta had highest ${NO_3}^-$-N and phosphate removal efficiencies, respectively. This results showed that ceramic media is very nice material for improvement of nitrogen-phosphate removal efficiency and isolated marine bacteria may be useful to control nitrogen-phosphate at low concentration in field.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.11-21
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• 2012

In the normal office building, the energy consumption to maintain the reasonable intensity of illumination for the work by using the artificial illumination occupies 30% or greater of the whole building electric energy consumption. If the dependability of the artificial illumination is dropt by positively using the natural lighting from the outside, the large amount of electrical energy can be saved, in addition the more nice visual environment for work can be created. Daylight is lighting source that most closely match visual response of the human, because sunlight and skylight achieve the harmony. For this reason, the daylight of small amount than amount of the artificial lighting source also can give the same effect in work activities of human. In addition, if there is daylight at the window of the building, the energy can be saved by controlling the artificial lighting. In this paper, in the building using the photovoltaic power generation analyze the correlation between the amount of energy generated by photovoltaic and indoor illumination and this was proved through the simulation with Relux 2010. In addition, the amount of daylight inflow in the room and distribution was drawn by the equation and the ratio for the sectional dimming control of each lighting equipment was predicted and the energy saving amount according to this was calculated. As a result, the indoor illumination was satisfied with recommended illumination value of the office and consumption power could be reduced approximately with 20~70%.