• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.103-112
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• 2003

In this study, the distributions of internal climates such as air temperature, humidity, dust, ammonia gas, and air velocity were systematically measured at a mechanically ventilated broiler houses during summer season, with local weather data. The analysis was focused on the suitability, stability, and uniformity of internal climate, resulting in serious stress on chickens and decrease of productivity In the mechanically ventilated broiler house, the difference between measured and recommended air temperatures(suitability) was 10.4C in maximum during the summer time. The difference of air temperature in the house between day and night was $8.7^{\circ}C$ in maximum. And maximal hourly range of internal air temperature at 0.4m height from the floor was $3.7^{\circ}C$ suggesting it maintained thermal uniformity in the broiler house. The $NH_3$ and dust concentrations were pretty low because ventilation was fully performed. The air speed at chicken location was measured 2.2m/s and 1.7m/s, respectively without and with chicken existence.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 1979

A study on field bioassay test using four species of commercially important shellfish was carried out to assess the effect of pollutants and determine the extent of marine environmental pollution of the Masan Bay from 9 to 15 August 1978. Water quality analysis and planktological examination of sea water were made during the experiment and the examination gave the following results. The water temperature was so high at 31.7$^{\circ}C$ in maximum and rather subject to change on weather condition of the land than on the effect of the water mass from outer bay. The range of DO,COD and SS at the stations were 0.3-7.08cc/l, 0.07-3.31ppm and 5.5-117ppm, respectively with the high values of COD and SS at the stations 7 and 1. The concentrations of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen in sea water, NH$\sub$4/-N, NO$\sub$2/-N, NO$\sub$3/-N, and PO$\sub$4/-P were 18.90-99.80, 2.48- 19.60, 13.00-39.00 and 1.04-14.0$\mu\textrm{g}$ at/l, respectively with decrease of their values in the outer part of the Bay. The high values mentioned above were caused by the sewage and industrial activities. The effects of organic waste are increased oxygen demand, nutrient concentration, turbidity and a higher input of pathogens, leading to structural changes in the marine ecosystems and to a considerable hazard to public health. The percentage composition of phytoplankton standing crop between diatom and dinoflagellate was characterized by making a difference between the two groups in respect of location: a decrease of diatom and a increase of dinoflagellate in numerical abundance toward inner part from outer part of the bay. Namely phytoplankton organisms were composed of 80% of diatom and 20% of dinoflagellate in outer bay, on the contrary, only 4% of diatom and 96% of dinoflagellate occupied by 94% of prorocentrum micans known as tolerant species to polluted reaas in the inner bay. On the occurrence and composition of zooplankton, there are two significant communities in the bay:one is characterized by the predominance of Oithona nana and the other by Favella sp They were composed of a range from 84% to 90% of the total organisms and monotonously constituted of themselves only at most inner station 3 even small numbers. From the results mentioned above, Oithona nana, Favella and prorocentrum micans recommed themselves as valuable indicators for judging the extent of the marine pollution.During the period of the biossays Mytilus edulis showed the highest mortality and Tapes japonica the lowest one between the four test species. The highest death rate by stations was found at most inner stations 3'and 4near Masan Free Export Zone with the most sensitive response and the lowest one occured at outer station 13 where no death specimen of oyster and arkshell was found during the whole test period.As for mussel,85 percent death rate appeared after 72 hours and 100percent rate after 120hours at station 4. It was found that the significant high mortality of the test shellfish mentioned above was caused by severe pollution with mainly organic pollutants from domestic sewage and industrial wastes from the results of too much higher concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen especially ammonia-N,COD,SS and lack of dissolved oxygen,and furthermore occurrence and abundance composition of Prorcentrum,Favella and Oithona nana by stations, valuable indicator species of coastal pollution by orgnic and boilogical pollutants.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of yeast culture on the performance of broiler chicks and noxious gas emission in broiler houses. Two hundred forty and three hundred and twenty, one day old Cobb male broiler chicks in Expt 1 and Expt 2, respectively were alloted to four treatment levels of yeast culture (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4%). To each treatment, 60 birds were assigned in Expt 1 and 5 replicates of 16 birds each were assigned in Expt 2. Basal diets contained 21.5% and 19.0% CP, and 3,100kcal/kg ME for the starting and finishing periods, respectively. Ammonia and $CO_2$ gas emission were detected twice a day for seven days during the five week period of Expt 1. Weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were measured for five weeks in Expt 2. Intestinal microbes, blood cholesterol and ND antibody titer were examined at the end of Expt 2. In Expt 1, the concentration of $NH_3$ in the house of birds fed yeast culture tended to be lower than the control. It was significantly lower in the 0.4% yeast culture treatment than the control (P<0.05). $CO_2$ concentration was significantly lower in all yeast culture treatments regardless of its dietary supplemental level than the control (P<0.05). different from others. Feed efficiency (feed/gain), however, was significantly improved in all yeast culture treatments relative to that of the control for starting period (P<0.05) and that of 0.2% yeast culture treatment was significantly lower than those of the control and 0.4% for the overall period. Total number of E. coli in the ileum of birds fed yeast culture at 0.1 and 0.2% was significantly lower than those of the control and 0.4% in the ileum. The CFU of Lactobacillus spp. of birds fed yeast culture at 0.1% was higher in the cecum compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Total cholesterol level of chicks fed 0.1% yeast culture seemed to be lower compared to that of other treatments, whereas LDL-cholesterol level was significantly lower than those of the control and 0.4% treatment. ND antibody titer tended to be higher in the yeast culture treatments than the control, but was not significantly different. The results of these experiments indicated that 0.2% yeast culture may have a potential to reduce the noxious gas emission in broiler houses and maximize the performance of broiler chicks.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2012

Disinfecting contaminated swine manure with FMD (Foot-and-Mouth Disease) and pathogenic viruses is very important for maintaining sanitized environment. However, very few research reported on this subject, especially post-disinfection to utilize the wastes as a renewable resource. This research is carried out to obtain basic information for chemical treatment in FMD SOP (Standard Operating Procedure, Korea) of contaminated swine manure. Using lime, sodium hydroxide, citric acid and hydrochloric acid, described in FMD SOP, the effects of chemical treatments on livestock manure were compared in this paper. Four combinations of alkali-acid treatments and four kinds of acid-alkali combinations were tested to find out the effective method. Total coliform bacteria in contaminated swine manure, $1.6{\times}10^4$ CFU/100 ml, decreased to the range of 1/1000~1/100 in all treatments. Some specific disinfectants increases BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and EC(Electric Conductivity), especially, alkaline treatments increases ammonia level than acid treatments. These findings suggest that the treatment methods should be considered as an important environmental factor in post-disinfection of contaminated animal manure with pathogenic microorganisms.