• Trans-
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• v.14
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• pp.1-33
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• 2023

In the Web 3.0 era, the third generation of web technologies that uses blockchain technology to give creators ownership of data, metaverse is a crucial trend for developing a creator economy. Web 3.0 aims for a value in which content creators are compensated from participation without being dependent on the platform. Blockchain NFT technology is crucial in metaverse, a vital component of Web 3.0, to ensure the ownership of digital assets. Based on the theory that investigates the concept and characteristics of metaverse, this study identifies five features of the metaverse based NFT art ①'Continuity', ②'Presence', ③ 'Concurrency', ④'Economy', ⑤ 'Application of technology'. By focusing on metaverse based NFT art <Hybrid Nature> case study, we analyzed how the concepts and characteristics of the metaverse and NFT art were reflected in the work. This study focuses on the concept of NFT art, which is emerging at the intersection of art, technology and industry, and emphasizes the importance of finding creative, aesthetic, and cultural values rather than the NFT art's potential for financial gain. It is still in its early stage for academic studies to focus on the aesthetic qualities of NFT art. Future academics and researchers can find this study to gain deeper understanding of the traits and artistic, creative aspects of metaverse based NFT art.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.123-138
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• 2021

This study aims to empirically prove that blockchain games can provide business model innovations through interoperability among NFT based game items. Through our research on 'PlayDapp platform', we figured out that the technological innovation of blockchain games not only has provided a positive influence to the socio-economic and industrial ecosystem perspectives, but also it differentiates companies(game developers and platform providers in this eco-system) and increases customer benefits.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2022

In this paper, we present an NFT auction service for the next generation, named NextAuction, which can reliably trade ownership of individual content using DID technology. Recently, as the types and sizes of tradable digital assets have expanded, the number of NFT transactions has also increased, and a significant number of marketplaces are being operated. But, the current user authentication methods of NFT marketplaces are done only through the associated blockchain wallets. It is desirable that ownership transfer through NFT transactions be transparently managed based on a more reliable identity authentication service. NextAuction increases the reliability of auction service participants by transparently and consistently providing identity authentication for users of auction services based on the DID technique using the Klaytn blockchain. In addition, in preparation for server failure that may occur during the auction of individual content, it provides users with a robust auction service using the BR2K technique that continuously provides consistent service through the replication of a target service. The NextAuction service is developed by extending BCON, a blockchain-based content management service.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.565-575
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a non-fungible token (NFT) transaction method that can commercialize the real 3D property and make property sharing possible using the 3D reconstruction technique. In addition, our proposed method enhances the security of NFT copyright and metadata by using optical encryption. In general, a conventional NFT is used for 2D image proprietorial rights. To expand the scope of the use of tokens, many cryptocurrency industries are currently trying to apply tokens to real three-dimensional (3D) property. However, many token markets have an art copyright problem. Many tokens have been minted without considering copyrights. Therefore, tokenizing real property can cause significant social issues. In addition, there are not enough methods to mint 3D real property for NFT commercialization and sharing property tokens. Therefore, we propose a new token management technique to solve these problems using integral imaging and double random phase encryption. To show our system, we conduct a private NFT market using a test blockchain network that can demonstrate the whole NFT transaction process.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.38-44
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• 2023

In this paper, a blockchain-based platform of NFT(Non-Fungible Token) reports was proposed to ensure the reliable performance contents of field study trip. It is possible to identify and manage the personal multi biomeric authentication user ID of activity records for students in a mobile IP-based metaverse with the linkage of extended reality(XR). At this time, many quests and incentives of platform are provided to induce students to experience smart and fun field studying facilities by linking real trip experiences and virtual extended_reality studies in the metaverse interworking.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.126-135
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• 2023

Demand for NFT is expanding along with Blockchain. And cyber security threats are also increasing. Therefore, this study derives security level inspection items by analyzing status related to NFT security such as NFT features, security threats, and compliance for the purpose of strengthening NFT security. Based on this, the relative importance was confirmed by applying it to the AHP model. As a result of the empirical analysis, the priority order of importance was found in the order of Security management system establishment and operation, encryption, and risk management, etc. The significance of this study is to reduce NFT security incidents and improve the NFT security management level of related companies by deriving NFT-related security level check items and demonstrating the research model. And If you perform considering relative importance of the NFT check items, the security level can be identified early.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.261-269
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• 2022

The advent of the pandemic era due to COVID-19 is causing new changes in all areas of individuals, organizations, society and the country. The art market also faced a crisis due to restrictions on individual movement between regions and countries and social distancing, and even the contents of the work, the way the work is traded, and the propensity and characteristics of the buyer are changing. These demands for change in the art market are accelerating new opportunities for change by converting digital, expanding the online art market, expanding virtual space using VR(Virtual Reality) and AR(Augmented Reality) technology, and expanding the trading area of digital works NFT based on blockchain technology. In this study, the flow of change in the art market brought about by the Pandemic era is analyzed from the perspective of digital transformation. The contents of digital acceptance of the art market are identified through a summary of various types of digital transformation in the art market and a survey of perceptions following the introduction of digital transformation and NFT. Discuss major legal, economic, social, and transactional issues and countermeasures following the introduction of NFT based on blockchain technology in the art market.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.793-801
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• 2022

Most Bluetooth devices are commonly used in various ways these days, but they can be often lost due to small-size devices. However, most Bluetooth protocol do not provide authentication functions to legitimate owners, and thus someone who obtains the lost Bluetooth device can easily connect to their smart devices to use it. In this paper, we propose NBAS can authenticates legitimate owners using NFT on lossy Bluetooth devices.NBAS generates a digital wallet on the blockchain using the decentralized network Ethereum blockchain and facilitating the MAC address of the Bluetooth device in the digital wallet. The owner of the wallet uses a private key to certify the Bluetooth device using NFT. The initial pairing time of NBAS was 10.25 sec, but the reconnection time was 0.007 sec similar to the conventional method, and the pairing rejection time for unapproved users was 1.58 sec on average. Therefore, the proposed NBAS effectively shows the device authentication over the conventional Bluetooth.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.315-320
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• 2023

Covid-19 is rapidly changing the global society. In particular, as the online connected world has become more important in recent years, new communication methods such as VR, AR, and metaverse have emerged as global trends. As social interest in technologies such as metaverse, blockchain, and NFT continues to grow, this study aims to understand the concept of NFT, which is being illuminated as a global trend keyword, and to examine the current status of the global fashion industry. As a result of examining NFT application cases of fashion brands that have grown rapidly since Covid-19, the use of NFT in the global fashion industry can be largely classified into three categories - Collection and Investment Type, Game Type NFT, Marketing and Event Type NFT. Based on this, We expect that this study will be used as basic data to actively utilize NFT, which is still in its infancy, to prepare a plan to revitalize the domestic fashion industry.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.73
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• pp.47-79
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• 2022

NFT is literally a 'non-fungible token', a digital file that records specific virtual assets on a blockchain. Events such as ownership of the asset and transaction history are recorded on the blockchain through the token transaction, so counterfeiting and falsification are impossible. Therefore, NFT is used as a tool that can uniquely represent a specific virtual asset. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of NFT from a records management point of view and to find ways to use them, and focuses on digital records that have the characteristics of assets as digital works. For this purpose, we first examine the basic concept of NFT and the principle of ownership and proof of value as an asset for digital works. In addition, it was confirmed how the advantages of NFT were applied through NFT use cases in various fields, and in particular, areas related to audio-visual records such as art, music, sports, and fashion were focused on. Furthermore, by comparing the characteristics of digital records with those of NFT, factors applicable to electronic records were identified. Finally, the types of digital records that are expected to be effective in the application of NFT were identified, and the possibility of their use and discussion points for introduction in records management are presented.