• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2010

Currently in a Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) research field, supporting mobility is recognized as an important technology. MIPv6 and Network Mobility(NEMO) Basic Support Protocol are standard protocols to support mobility in the Internet. However, if they are applied to USN with no modification, handoff performance decreases due to the size of their binding message. An existing lightweight protocol for NEMO protocol has a compatibility problem of Sequence Num. and does not optimally compress binding messages considering 6LoWPAN network structure and addressing. This paper proposes optimal header compression which supports node-based mobility and network-based mobility. Our optimal compression technique compresses a 32bytes binding update(BU) message and a 12bytes binding ACK(BA) message of MIPv6 into 13bytes and 3bytes, and a 40bytes BU message and a 12bytes BA message of NEMO protocol into 13bytes and 3bytes. The result shows that our protocol compresses 15bytes (NEMO-BU) and 1byte (NEMO-BA) more than the existing protocol and achieves 8.72% handoff performance improvement.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.236-244
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• 2022

Network Mobility Basic Support (NEMO BS) protocol has been accredited and approved by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group for mobility of sub-networks. Trains, aircrafts and buses are three examples of typical applications for this protocol. The NEMO BS protocol was designed to offer Internet access for a group of passengers in a roaming vehicle in an adequate fashion. Furthermore, in NEMO BS protocol, specific gateways referred to Mobile Routers (MRs) are responsible for carrying out the mobility management operations. Unfortunately, the main limitations of this basic solution are pinball suboptimal routing, excessive signaling cost, scalability, packet delivery overhead and handoff latency. In order to tackle shortcomings of triangular routing and Quality of Service (QoS) deterioration, the proposed scheme (Diff-FH NEMO) has previously evolved for end-users in moving network. In this sense, the article focuses on an exhaustive analytic evaluation at Home Agent (HA) entity of the proposed solutions. An investigation has been conducted on the signaling costs to assess the performance of the proposed scheme (Diff-FH NEMO) in comparison with the standard NEMO BS protocol and MIPv6 based Route Optimization (MIRON) scheme. The obtained results demonstrate that, the proposed scheme (Diff-FH NEMO) significantly improves the signaling cost at the HA entity in terms of the subnet residence time, number of mobile nodes, the number of DMRs, the number of LFNs and the number of CNs.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.203-210
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• 2008

Because BSP(Basic Support Protocol) of NEMO(Network Mobility) has important limitation of not providing route optimization, several route optimization schemes have been proposed. By analyzing and improving the limitations of the existing schemes. we Propose an advanced integrated route optimization scheme for the communication through both the internal and external routing of nested NEMO. Our proposal includes a secure route optimization protocol which connects TLMR directly to an external node CN without passing through any HAs. and allows TLMR to control the internal path without passing through the internet. Thus, our scheme can strengthen the security as well as improve the path and delay of NEMO communication.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.135-158
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• 2018

High-Speed vehicles can be considered as multiple mobile nodes that move together in a large-scale mobile network. High-speed makes the time allowed for a mobile node to complete a handover procedure shorter and more frequently. Hence, several protocols are used to manage the mobility of mobile nodes such as Network Mobility (NEMO). However, there are still some problems such as high handover latency and packet loss. So efficient handover management is needed to meet Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for real-time applications. This paper utilizes the cross-layer seamless handover technique for network mobility presented in cellular networks. It extends this technique to propose QoS-aware NEMO protocol which considers QoS requirements for real-time applications. A novel analytical framework is developed to compare the performance of the proposed protocol with basic NEMO using cost functions for realistic city mobility model. The numerical results show that QoS-aware NEMO protocol improves the performance in terms of handover latency, packet delivery cost, location update cost, and total cost.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.142-152
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• 2013

The network mobility basic support (NEMO BS) protocol has been investigated to provide Internet connectivity for a group of nodes, which is suitable for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications. NEMO BS often increases the traffic load and handover latency because it is designed on the basis of mobile Internet protocol version 6 (MIPv6). Therefore, schemes combining proxy MIPv6 with NEMO (P-NEMO) have emerged to solve these problems. However, these schemes still suffer from packet loss and long handover latency during handover. Fast P-NEMO (FP-NEMO) has emerged to prevent these problems. Although the FP-NEMO accelerates handover, it can cause a serious tunneling burden between the mobile access gateways (MAGs) during handover. This problem becomes more critical as the traffic between the MAGs increases. Therefore, we propose a scheme for designing an improved FP-NEMO (IFP-NEMO) to eliminate the tunneling burden by registering a new address in advance. When the registration is completed before the layer 2 handover, the packets are forwarded to the new MAG directly and thereby the IFP-NEMO avoids the use of the tunnel between the MAGs during handover. For the evaluation of the performance of the IFP-NEMO compared with the FP-NEMO, we develop an analytical framework for fast handovers on the basis of P-NEMO. Finally, we demonstrate that the IFP-NEMO outperforms the FP-NEMO through numerical results.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2008

Mobile IP is a solution to support mobile nodes, however, it does not handle NEtwork MObility (NEMO). The NEMO Basic Support (NBS) protocol ensures session continuity for all the nodes in the mobile network. Since the protocol is based on Mobile IP, it inherits the same fundamental problem such as tunnel convergence, when supporting the multicast for NEMO. In this paper, we propose the multicast route optimization scheme for NEMO environment. We assume that the Mobile Router (MR) has a multicast function and the Nested Mobile Router Information (NeMRI) table. The NeMRI is used to record o list of the CoAs of all the MRs located below it. And it covers whether MRs desire multicast services. Any Route Optimization (RO) scheme can be employed here for pinball routing. Therefore, we achieve optimal routes for multicasting based on the given architecture. We also propose cost analytic models to evaluate the performance of our scheme. We observe significantly better multicast cost in NEMO compared with other techniques such as Bi-directional Tunneling, Remote Subscription, and Mobile Multicast based on the NBS protocol.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.1 s.39
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• pp.147-155
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• 2006

Hierarchical Prefix Delegation (HPD) protocol refers to a type of solution to problems inherent in non-optimal routing which occurs with Network Mobility (NEMO) basic solution. However, because HPD cannot improve the micro-mobility problems, problem surfaces each time Mobile Network Node (MNN) changes the attachment point; as happens also in a Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) protocol in sending Binding Update (BU) messages to Home Agent (HA) / Correspondent Nodes(CNs). By applying Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 protocol concept to HPD, this study proposes an algorithm for effectively handling micro-mobility problems which occur with HPD in a nested NEMO environment. By sending BU only to nearby Mobility Anchor Point(MAP) during MNN location change within a MAP's domain, the proposed protocol will alleviate service disruption delays and signaling loads during the handover process, overcoming the limitations of HPD.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.1A
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• pp.67-72
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• 2011

There are lots of researches for mobility of MS(mobile station) in All IP based network. Specially, NEMO(NEwork MObility) is not supporting mobility of each MS but supporting mobility of network that include group of MS. Some research try to overcome limitation of wireless with the protocol in wired state and it maintains the performance such as wire environment. There are no researches about multicast with reliability in NEMO. Therefore, this paper suggests efficient algorithm to solve problems when RMTP(Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol) apply to NEMO environment to support high reliability with multicast. And this paper shows the better performance of proposed algorithm for delay and transmission rate between AR and TLMR comparing with RMTP in NEMO.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.685-695
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• 2008

The Network Mobility (NEMO) and IPv6 over Low power WPAN (6LoWPAN) protocols are the two most important technologies in current networking research and are vital for the future ubiquitous environment. In this paper, we propose a compressed packet header format to support the mobility of 6LoWPAN. Also, a Lightweight NEMO protocol is proposed to minimize the signaling overhead between 6LoWPAN mobile routers and 6LoWPAN gateways by using a compressed mobility header. Performance results show that our Lightweight NEMO protocol can minimize total signaling costs and handoff signaling delay.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 2012

Network mobility (NEMO) based on mobile IP version 6 has been proposed for networks that move as a whole. Route optimization is one of the most important topics in the field of NEMO. The current NEMO basic support protocol defines only the basic working mode for NEMO, and the route optimization problem is not mentioned. Some optimization schemes have been proposed in recent years, but they have limitations. A new NEMO route optimization scheme-involving a combination of the optimized route cache protocol (ORC) and reverse routing header (RRH) and the use of a quota mechanism for optimized sessions (OwR)-is proposed. This scheme focuses on balanced performance in different aspects. It combines the ORC and RRH schemes, and some improvements are made in the session selection mechanism to avoid blindness during route optimization. Simulation results for OwR show great similarity with those for ORC and RRH. Generally speaking, the OwR's performance is at least as good as that of the RRH, and besides, the OwR scheme is capable of setting up optimal routing for a certain number of sessions, so the performance can be improved and the cost of optimal routing in nested NEMO can be decreased.