• 센서학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.294-299
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• 2018

This article describes the output properties of non-dispersive infrared carbon dioxide($CO_2$) sensors resulting from the changes in ambient temperatures. After the developed sensor module was installed inside the gas chamber, the temperature was set to 267 K, 277 K, 300 K, and 314 K, and the concentrations of $CO_2$ gas were increased from 0 to 5,000 ppm. Then, the output voltage at each concentration was obtained. Through these experimental results, two observations were made. First, both the $CO_2$ sensor and the reference sensor showed an increase in the output voltages as the temperature rose from 0 ppm, Second, the full scale outputs of the $CO_2$ sensor grew as the temperature increased. The output characteristics were analyzed based on two factors: change in the radiant energy of the infrared light source and change in the absorptivity of $CO_2$ gas according to the ambient temperature. Additionally, temperature compensation methods were discussed.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2016

As public interest in air quality and environment problem is increasing, many researches are being carried out the gas measurement system. Especially, Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) measurements using Beer-Lambert gas sensing principle with very high selectivity and long life time are noted for reliable method. It is possible to detect various gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), but many researches are mostly concentrated on CO2 sensor. The multi-gas measuring instrument is high price and unwieldy, therefore it is not suitable for wide area required numerous instrument. So we study the NDIR multi-gas measurement system for air quality based on wireless sensor network, and experiment the realized measurement system.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2007

A fast response $CO_2$ ($fCO_2$) analyzer for real-time measurement of carbon dioxide concentration during transient states of internal combustion engines has been developed. This analyzer uses non-dispersive infrared absorption (NDIR) technique for measuring $CO_2$ concentration and Kalman filter for removing noise components from output signals. The analyzer has good linearity, repeatability and drift with a response time of 11 ms; it is sufficiently fast to detect $CO_2$ concentration during transient states of internal combustion engines. The $fCO_2$ analyzer was used to measure transient $CO_2$ concentration of exhaust gas of the SI engine with a standard gas analyzer, and the signal of the $fCO_2$ analyzer was compared to that of the standard gas analyzer. The two concentrations were well matched during the steady state, and the $fCO_2$ analyzer could measure the variations of $CO_2$ concentration during the transient state.

• 센서학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.168-172
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• 2017

A nondispersive infrared (NDIR) ethanol gas sensor was prototyped with ASIC implemented thermopile sensor, which included a temperature sensor and two ellipsoidal waveguide structures. The temperature dependency of the two ethanol sensors (with partially blocked and intact structures) has been characterized. The two ethanol gas sensors showed linear output voltages initially when varying the ambient temperature from 253 K to 333 K. The slope of the temperature sensor presented a constant value of 15 mV/K. After temperature compensation, the ethanol gas sensor estimated ethanol concentrations with larger errors of 20 to 25% below 200 ppm. However, the estimation errors were reduced to between -10 and +1 % from 253 K to 333 K above 200 ppm ethanol gas concentration in this research.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.624-629
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• 2018

본 논문은 NDIR(Non Dispersive Infra Red) 방식을 적용하여 $CO_2$ 및 $CH_4$의 두 가지 가스를 하나의 휴대용 장치에서 측정이 가능하도록 제작된 복합 가스 측정 장치에 대한 연구이다. 측정 장치의 구성은 적외선램프에서 적외선이 방출되면 방출된 파장이 광학창을 거치면서 흡수로 인하여 빛이 줄어들게 되고 이 감소량(흡수도)을 검출기에서 검출하고 이를 전기적 신호로 변환 증폭하여(3.5V~6V) 정확한 측정이 가능함을 보여준다. 기존의 Single Sensor 방식은 적외선에서 특수파장을 흡수하여 상대 측정량을 검출하는 방식으로 가스의 경우 $4.26{\mu}m$파장의 빛만을 검출하여 측정하는 방식으로 센서의 값을 보정할 수 있는 기준센서가 없어 오차가 발생하는 문제가 발생하였다. 본 연구에 적용된 Dual Sensor 방식은 다른 가스의 영향을 받지 않는 $3.91{\mu}m$의 기준치와 가스의 $4.26{\mu}m$의 두 파장을 검출하여 비교측정 함으로써 오차가 적어 신뢰도가 높은 방식으로, 휴대형으로 소형화하여 저 전력화가 가능하며, $CO_2$ 및 $CH_4$의 2가지 가스농도를 복합적으로 측정 할 수 있다는 특징이 있다. 측정 범위는 $CO_2$의 경우 0ppm~5,000ppm이고 $CH_4$의 경우는 0~5%의 부피 농도로 실내 공기량 1,000ppm을 측정 할 수 있도록 제작되어 휴대용이나 주택의 Home automation과 연동하여 소화연동이 가능함으로 화재예방에 매우 효과적일 것으로 확인하였다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2016

NDIR $CO_2$ gas sensor was built with ASIC implemented thermopile sensor which included temperature sensor and unique elliptical waveguide structures in this paper. The temperature dependency of dual infrared sensor module ($CO_2$ and reference IR sensors) has been characterized and its output voltage characteristics according to the temperature and gas concentration were proposed for the first time. NDIR $CO_2$ gas and reference IR sensors showed linear output voltages according to the variation of ambient temperatures from 243 K to 333 K and their slopes were 14.2 mV/K and 8.8 mV/K, respectively. The output voltages of temperature sensor also presented a linear dependency according to the ambient temperature and could be described with V(T)=-3.191+0.0148T(V). The output voltage ratio between $CO_2$ and reference IR sensors revealed irrelevant to the changes of ambient temperatures and gave a constant value around 1.6255 with standard deviation 0.008 at 0 ppm. The output voltage of $CO_2$ gas sensor at zero ppm $CO_2$ gas consisted of two components; one is caused by the HPB (half pass-band) of IR filter and the other is attributed to the part of $CO_2$ absorption wavelength. The characteristics of output voltages of $CO_2$ gas sensor could be accurately modeled with three parameters which are dependent upon the ambient temperatures and represented small average error less than 1.5% with 5% standard deviation.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2006

A fast response $CO_2$ analyzer has been developed to study transient characteristics on an SI engine. The analyzer has the delay time of 4.5 ms and time constant of 2.8 ms, which is fast enough to measure $CO_2$ concentration on a transient condition. Wide range of A/F(Air/Fuel) ratio can be estimated using the analyzer with an additional switch type oxygen sensor. The results of measurement of $CO_2$ concentration and A/F ratio on a transient condition including rapid acceleration/deceleration and EGR(Ehxaust Gas Recirculation) on/off are presented and compared with a commercial exhaust gas analyzer and UEGO(Universial Exhaust Gas Oxyzen) sensor.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2015

NDIR (Non-dispersive infrared Rays) alcohol sensor has been prototyped and its temperature characteristics were measured. In order to design novel optical alcohol sensor, elliptical structures with one common foci were modeled and analyzed their optical properties. After analyzing elliptic optical structures, a prototype alcohol sensor module was tested according to the temperature variations from $-20^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. The offset voltages of alcohol sensor decreased from 1.1056 V at the temperature $-20^{\circ}C$ to 0.7339 V at $35^{\circ}C$. However, the highest sensitivity of alcohol sensor showed about $303{\mu}V/ppm$ at room temperature.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1641-1642
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 NDIR(non dispersive infrared absorption) 가스센서의 소형화와 저가화를 목표로 2개의 오목 거울을 이용한 새로운 광 공동(optical cavity) 구조를 제안하고, 구조에 따른 광 출력 특성을 시뮬레이션하였다. Optical cavity는 광 경로증가 및 광 집속 구조로 설계하고, 각각의 출력단에서 검출되는 광 출력을 시뮬레이션한 결과 광 집속 구조의 팡 출력이 더 효율적임을 확인하였다. 집광구조에서의 광 출력을 최대로 하기 위해 광의 초점을 찾아보았다. 집광 구조를 사용하지 않는 단순 평행 광이 조사되는 경우, 적외선 센서부에 입사되는 광 출력은 최대 0.024W이다. 그러나 집광구조에서는 optical cavity의 광축에서 센서의 위치를 $15\sim20mm$까지 변화시켜 시뮬레이션한 결과 거리 18.83mm 일 때 조사되는 광 출력이 약 0.153W로 약 7배 증가됨을 확인하였다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.377-381
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• 2016

NDIR $CO_2$ gas sensor was prototyped with ASIC implemented thermopile sensor which included temperature sensor and White-Cell structure in this paper. The temperature dependency of dual infrared sensors ($CO_2$ and reference IR sensors) has been characterized and their output voltage ratios according to the temperature and gas concentration were presented in this paper for achieving temperature compensation algorithm. The initial output voltages of NDIR $CO_2$ gas and reference IR sensors showed $3^{rd}$ order polynomial and linear output voltages according to the variation of ambient temperatures from 253 K to 333 K, respectively. The output voltages of temperature sensor presented a linear dependency according to the ambient temperature and could be described with V(T) = -3.0069+0.0145T(V). The characteristics of output voltage ratios could be modeled with five parameters which are dependent upon the ambient temperatures and gas concentration. The estimated $CO_2$ concentrations showed relatively high error below 300 ppm (maximum 572 % at 7 ppm $CO_2$ concentration), however, as the concentration increased from 500 ppm to 2,000 ppm, the overall estimated errors of $CO_2$ concentrations were less than ${\pm}10%$ in this research.