• 원자력산업
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• 1011호통권9호
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• pp.85-107
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• 1978

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.151-155
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 방사성동위원소 $^{241}Am$의 감마선 감쇠를 이용하여 유리섬유 및 탄소섬유 복합적층판의 섬유체적분율을 비파괴적으로 측정하였다. NaI(Tl) detector에 의해 섬유와 기지의 방사선 감쇠계수를 측정하고, 시험체의 두께를 $2{\sim}20mm$로 변화시키면서 섬유체적분율을 측정하였으며, 적층판과 에폭시판을 겹쳐서 섬유체적분율을 변화시키면서 섬유체적분율을 측정하였다. 연구 결과 단면을 현미경으로 관찰하여 구해진 값과 비교 할 때 오차 ${\pm}1{\sim}2.5%$ 범위 이내로 측정이 가능하였으며, 방사선원의 energy, activity의 선택에 따라서 대부분의 복합재료에 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 의료법학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.165-194
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• 2014

Der Vertrag zwischen dem Arzt und seinem Patienten wird als Auftrag im Sinne des ${\S}680$ KBGB qualifiziert. Dem Arzt erwachsen innerhalb dieses Behandlungsvertrages zahlreiche Pflichten, von denen ein gro${\ss}$er Teil durch Richterrecht geschaffen wurde. Den Arzt treffen z.B. Behandlungspflicht, Informationspflicht ${\ddot{u}}$ber die Behandlung, Aufkl${\ddot{a}}$rungspflicht ${\ddot{u}}$ber einwilligungspflichtige Umst$\ddot{a}$nde, Dokumentationspflicht, Schweigepflicht. Der Arzt ist nach Rechtsprechung und Literatur verpflichtet, den Patienten ${\ddot{u}}$ber s${\ddot{a}}$mtliche f${\ddot{u}}$r die Einwilligung wesentlichen Umst${\ddot{a}}$nde aufzukl${\ddot{a}}$ren, insbesondere ${\ddot{u}}$ber Art, Umfang, Durchf${\ddot{u}}$hrung, zu erwartende Folgen und spezifische Risiken der Ma${\ss}$nahme, die Notwendigkeit, Dringlichkeit und Eignung der Ma${\ss}$nahme zur Diagnose oder zur Therapie und uber die Erfolgsaussichten der Ma${\ss}$nahme im Hinblick auf die Diagnose oder Therapie. Mu${\ss}$ der Arzt den Patienten auf einen eigenen Behandlungsfehler hinweisen, wenn f$\ddot{u}$r ihnen Umst${\ddot{a}}$nde erkennbar sind, die die Annahme eines Behandlungsfehlers begr${\ddot{u}}$nden. Allgemeine Offenbarungspflichr bei ${\ddot{a}}$rztlichen Behandlungsfehlern wird bisher nicht diskutiert. Nach derzietigem Recht besteht keine allgemeine Offenbarungspflicht des Arztes, den Patienten unaufgefordert ${\ddot{u}}$ber einen eigenen Behandlungsfehler hinzuweisen. Aber wie im ${\S}630c$ BGB, sind f${\ddot{u}}$r den Behandelnden Umst${\ddot{a}}$nde erkennbar, die die Annahme eines Behandlungsfehlers begr${\ddot{u}}$nden, hat er den Patienten ${\ddot{u}}$ber diese auf Nachfrage oder zur Abwendung gesundheitlicher Gefahren zu informieren.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2011

Image processing has provided powerful techniques to extract from the acoustic signals the desired information on evaluation for leakage existence, leakage rate, and searching for leakage location, etc. The imagery NDE data available can add additional and significant dimension in nondestructive evaluation(NDE) information and thus for exploiting in applications. To extract such information the use of advanced image processing techniques is much needed. In recent years, there has been much increased use of acoustic signal image processing techniques in acoustic NDE. This approach will increase the efficiency of inspection procedures and reduce inspection time. In this paper we are concerned only with This paper is concerned mainly with the use of advanced image processing techniques in valve leakage detection and advanced image restoration and enhancement methods, which attempt to evaluate promptly by a visualization method the acoustic sources while detecting the valve leakage.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1987

본 논문에서는 반사형 음향 현미경의 반사응답 특성인 V(z)현상을 고찰하고 이 현미경을 이용한 새로운 형태의 비파괴 검사 기술을 제시한다. 10원 주화, 알루미늄, 집적회로 소자, 그리고 kevlar-epoxy 등을 샘플로서 선택하고 중심주파수 3 MHz의 음향 현미경을 focused mode 및 defocused mode에서 동작시켜 실험하였다. 이 과정에서 음향 현미경의 분해능은 $500\mu m$로 나타났고 샘플의 표면 및 그 내부에 존재하는 결함은 검출되어 이를 영상화하였으며 샘플에 대한 영상의 콘트라스트 변화는 V(z)현상과 잘 일치함을 보였다.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회(한국공작기계학회)
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• pp.319-323
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• 2001

In significant number of energy-related facilities for like thermal power plant or petro-chemical industry, CrMo steels are widely used energy conversion industries. However, these materials undergo precipitation of carbides or intermetallic compounds into grain boundary and change of internal microstructure such as coarsening of precipitation, decrease of solute elements and impurity segregation under more severe service conditions, which results in deterioration of inherent superior material characteristics. In this study, it was verified experimentally the feasibility of the aging degradation evaluation for degraded 2.25Cr-lMo steel specimens prepared by isothermal aging heat treatment at 63$0^{\circ}C$ by high frequency longitudinal ultrasonic and surface SH wave investigating the change of attenuation coefficient analyzed by spectral analysis. Attenuation coefficient had a tendency to increase as degradation proceeded.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.123-127
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• 1997

Recently, it is gradually raised necessity that interface is measured accurately and managed in industrial circles and medical world, An Ultrasonic wave transmitted from a focused beam transducer is being expected as a powerful tool for NDE of micro-defect. The ultrasonic NDE of the defect is based on the form of the wave reflected form the interface In this study, regarding to the thickness of film which is in opaque object and thickness measurement was done by MEM-cepstrum analysis of received ultrasonic wave. In measument results, film thickness which is beyond distance resolution capacity was measured accurately. Also, automatically repeated discrimination analysis method can be decided in the category of all kinds of defects on semiconductor package.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권5호통권133호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2005

For the proper conservation of wooden cultural properties, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method, which can be used to quantitatively evaluate the internal state of wood members, are needed. In this study, an ultrasonic CT system composed of portable devices was attempted, and the capacity of this system was verified by reconstructing the CT images for two phantoms and two artificially defected specimens. Results from this study showed that the sizes of detected defects were enlarged and the shapes were distorted on the CT images. Also, the positions were shifted somewhat toward the surface of specimen, which is regarded due to the anisotropic property of wood. Compared to the filtered back-projection method, SIRT (simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique) method was determined to be more efficient as the algorithm of image reconstruction for wood. A new ultrasonic CT system is thought to be used as a NDE method for wood. However wood characteristics and wave diffraction within wood made it difficult to accurately evaluate the size, shape and position of defects. To improve the quality of CT image of wood, more research including the relationship between wood and ultrasound is needed, and wood properties should be taken into consideration on the image reconstruction algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1999

The safety-evaluation of ancient wood structures has been executed with only visual inspection. The application of NDE(nondestructive evaluation) is required because the visual inspection has many restrictions. Among many NDE techniques, the stress wave technique was used in this research. This study focused on evaluating the extent of decay in members of ancient structures, using stress wave nondestructive technique. For application of stress wave technique to ancient structures, the threshold time which divides members into categories according to degree of decay should be determined in advance. Stress wave timer (Metriguard Model 239A) was used in this study, specimens used in this research were the members obtained from six ancient structures. All specimens were identified as Hard Pine(Pinus densiflora S. et Z. or Pinus thunbergii P.) by microscope. Each member was tested with stress wave passing radially through the pith. In this study, the stress wave time of $12{\mu}s$/cm could distinguish between sound and decayed specimens with accuracy of 77.5 percent. Also, decayed specimens could be separated into moderate and severe categories by stress wave time of $20{\mu}s$/cm. Among the three decay location groups (exterior, mixed, interior), the exterior group could be classified into sound, moderate and severe decay with the greatest accuracy. Stress wave transit time was not sensitive to small decay pockets located in interior of the member.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.466-473
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• 2013

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique method using a resonance frequency mode was carried out for heat-treated wood under different conditions. The effect of heat treatment on the bending strength and NDE technique using the resonance frequency by impact hammer and force transducer mode for Korean paulownia, Pinus densiflora, Lidiodendron tulipifera and Betula costata were measured. The heat treatment temperature has been investigated at $175^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$, respectively. There were a close relationship of dynamic modulus of elasticity and static bending modulus of elasticity to MOR. In all conditions, It was found that there were a high correlation at 1% level between dynamic modulus of elasticity and MOR, and static modulus of elasticity and MOR. However, the result indicated that correlation coefficient is higher in dynamic modulus of elasticity to MOR than that in static modulus of elasticity to MOR. Therefore, the dynamic modulus of elasticity using resonance frequency by impact hammer mode is more useful as a nondestructive evaluation method for predicting the MOR of heat-treated wood under different temperature and species conditions.