• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.123-132
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors of metabolic index and cardiovascular risk factors, on depressive and non-depressive groups, in vulnerable diabetic elderly women. Methods: Participants were 137 vulnerable diabetic elderly women, using health centers in D city. Data were collected through interviews September though December 2017. The metabolic index was measured using National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), and cardiovascular risk factors were measured using Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Depressive and non-depressive groups were divided by the score of Geriartric Depress Scale Short Korea Version (GDSSF). Collected data were analyzed using a x2 test, independent t-test, and binary logistic regression, with the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. Results: Vulnerable diabetic elderly women, did not exercise in the depressive groups, and had higher triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and larger waists, than in the non-depressive group. Results show that lack of exercise (OR= 6.30), is the highest risk factor, influencing the depressive symptom in vulnerable diabetic elderly women. Conclusion: These results suggest that to reduce depressive symptom levels among vulnerable diabetic elderly women, nursing interventions are needed to increase exercise and decrease TG, TC, and waist size, particularly in improving exercise of vulnerable diabetic elderly women.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2005

Weather data for disease forecasts are usually derived from automated weather stations (AWS) that may be dispersed across a region in an irregular pattern. We have developed an alternative method to simulate local scale, high-resolution weather and plant disease in a grid pattern. The system incorporates a simplified mesoscale boundary layer model, LAWSS, for estimating local conditions such as air temperature and relative humidity. It also integrates special models for estimating of surface wetness duration and disease forecasts, such as the grapevine downy mildew forecast model, DMCast. The system can recreate weather forecasts utilizing the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis database, which contains over 57 years of archived and corrected global upper air conditions. The highest horizontal resolution of 0.150 km was achieved by running 5-step nested child grids inside coarse mother grids. Over the Finger Lakes and Chautauqua Lake regions of New York State, the system simulated three growing seasons for estimating the risk of grape downy mildew with 1 km resolution. Outputs were represented as regional maps or as site-specific graphs. The highest resolutions were achieved over North America, but the system is functional for any global location. The system is expected to be a powerful tool for site selection and reanalysis of historical plant disease epidemics.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.152-160
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effects of the Tai Chi exercise on metabolic syndrome and health-related quality of life in middle-aged women. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. Subjects were sixty middle-aged women with metabolic syndrome. All of the subjects were met the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). The subjects were divided into the experiment group (n=33) trained the Tai Chi for 12 weeks and the control group (n=27). Metabolic syndrome risk factors including blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, triglyceride (TG), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured before and after the 12-week period. Euro Quality of Life Questionnaire 5-Dimensional Classification (EQ-5D) was used to evaluate the health-related quality of life. Results: The experiment group showed significant decreases in diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, glucose, and TG; and increase in HDL-C compared to the control group. For the health-related quality of life evaluation, the experiment group showed significant improvement more than the control group. Conclusion: The Tai Chi exercise may be effective intervention in preventing cardiovascular disease caused by metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2012

Heat island phenomena in Chuncheon (Korea) were investigated using air temperature measured by automatic weather stations and temperature dataloggers located at rural and urban sites. Numerical simulation of the phenomena was performed using Weather Research and Forecasting Urban Canopy Model (WRF-UCM) and results were compared with the observation. The model was initialized with NCEP/FNL data. The horizontal resolution of the fine domain is 0.33 km. The results of observational analyses show that the intensity of heat island was significantly higher during the nighttime than during the daytime. The highest measured temperature difference between rural and urban site is $3.49^{\circ}C$ and average temperature difference varies between 1.4 and $1.9^{\circ}C$. Good agreement was found between the simulated and observed temperatures. However, significantly overestimated wind speed was found at the urban sites. The linear regression analysis between observed and simulated temperature shows high correlation coefficient 0.96 for urban and 0.94 for rural sites while for wind speed, a very low correlation coefficient was found, 0.30 and 0.55 respectively.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.401-412
• /
• 2013

East Asia experienced extremely cold weather in January 2011, while the previous December and the following February had normal winter temperature. In this study National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data are used to investigate the characteristic features observed in the meteorological fields such as temperature, sea-level pressure, geopotential height, and wind during this winter period. In January the planetary-wave pattern is dominated by stationary-wave form in the mid-to-high latitude region, while transient waves are significant in the previous month. To understand the planetary-wave features quantitatively, harmonic analyses have been done for the 500-hPa geopotential height field. In the climatological-mean geopotential heights the wave numbers 1, 2, and 3 are dominant during the whole winter. In January 2011 the waves of number 1, 2, and 3 are dominant and stationary as in the climatological-mean field. In December 2010 and February 2011, however, the waves of number 4, 5, and 6 play a major role and show a transient pattern. In addition to the distinctive features in each month the planetary-wave patterns dependent on the latitude are also discussed.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2011

A new multi-timescale analysis method, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), is used to diagnose the variation of the MJO activity determined by 850hPa and 200hPa zonal winds from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis data for the 56-yr period from 1950 to 2005. The results show that MJO activity can be decomposed into 9 quasi-periodic oscillations and a trend. With each level of contribution of the quasi-periodic oscillation discussed, the bi-seasonal oscillation, the interannual oscillation and the trend of the MJO activity are the most prominent features. The trend increases almost linearly, so that prior to around 1978 the activity of the MJO is lower than that during the latter part. This may be related to the tropical sea surface temperature(SST). It is speculated that the interdecadal change in the MJO activity appeared in around 1978 is related to the warmer SST in the equatorial warm pool, especially over the Indian Ocean.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.659-669
• /
• 2019

This study assesses the quality of the total column ozone (TCO) data from five reanalysis datasets against nine independent observation in East Asia. The assessed datasets are the ECMWF Interim reanalysis (ERAI), Monitoring Atmosphere Composition and Climate reanalysis (MACC), Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service reanalysis (CAMS), the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version2 (MERRA2), and NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). All datasets reasonably well capture the spatial distribution, annual cycle and interannual variability of TCO in East Asia. In particular, characteristics of TCO according to the latitude difference were similar at all points with a maximum bias of less than about 4%. Among them, CAMS and CFSR show the smallest mean bias and root-mean square error across all nine ground-based observations. This result indicates that while TCO data in modern reanalyses are reasonably good, CAMS and CFSR TCO data are the best for analysing the spatio-temporal variability and change of TCO in East Asia.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.151-162
• /
• 2019

Surface temperature has been derived from the MODIS/ASTER airborne simulator (MASTER) mid-wave infrared single channel data using the MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) radiative transfer model with input data including the University of Wisconsin (UW) emissivity, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) atmospheric profiles, and solar and line-of-sight geometry. We have selected the study area that covers some surface types such as water, sand, agricultural (vegetated) land, and clouds. Results of the current study show the reasonable geographical distribution of surface temperature over land and water similar to the pattern of the MASTER L2 surface temperature. The thorough quantitative validation of surface temperature retrieved from this study is somehow limited due to the lack of in-situ measurements. One point comparison at the Salton Sea buoy shows that the present estimate is 1.8 K higher than the field data. Further comparison with the MASTER L2 surface temperature over the study area reveals statistically good agreement with mean differences of 4.6 K between two estimates. We further analyze the surface temperature differences between two estimates and find primary factors to be emissivity and atmospheric correction.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.31 no.6B
• /
• pp.531-539
• /
• 2011

It has been widely acknowledged that climate system associated with extreme rainfall events was difficult to understand and extreme rainfall simulation in climate model was more difficult. This study developed a new model for extracting rainfall filed associated with extreme events as a way to characterize large scale climate system. Main interests are to derive location, size and direction of the rainfall field and this study developed an algorithm to extract the above characteristics from global climate data set. This study mainly utilized specific humidity and wind vectors driven by NCEP reanalysis data to define the rainfall field. Geometric first and second moments have been extensively employed in defining the rainfall field in selected zone, and an ellipsoid based model were finally introduced. The proposed geometric moments based ellipsoid model works equally well with regularly and irregularly distributed synthetic grid data. Finally, the proposed model was applied to space-time real rainfall filed. It was found that location, size and direction of the rainfall field was successfully extracted.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.199-218
• /
• 2005

이 연구는 우리나라 20세 이상 성인에서의 대사증후군 유병률을 파악하고 보건의식행태와 대사증후군간의 상관관계를 분석함으로써 대사증후군의 예방 및 치료를 위한 보건교육·건강증진 프로그램의 기초자료로 활용코자 시행되었다. 연구재료로 1998년 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 20세 이상 성인 24,469명 중 건강검진조사를 받았고 건강면접조사, 보건의식행태조사, 식생활조사에 응답한 7,854명의 조사결과를 활용하였으며, 2001년 미국에서 발포된 제 3차 콜레스테롤 관리지침(NCEP-ATP3)에서 제시된 대사증후군 진단기준 및 WH0 아시아/태평양지역 허리둘레를 기준으로 대사증후군 유병률을 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 우리나라 20세이상 성인의 대사증후군 유병률은, NCEP-ATP3 기준에서 13.3%(남자 10.1%, 여자 16.0%), 아시아/태평양지역기준에서 19.8%(남자 16.7%, 여자 22.4%)로 아시아/태평양지역 기준에서, 남자보다는 여자에서 더 높았다. 대사증후군 진단항목 중복부비만, 저 HDL-콜레스테롤의 유병를은 여자에서, 고중성지방혈증, 공복시고혈당 유병률은 남자에서 더 높았고, 연령이 증가할수록 대사증후군의 유병률이 증가하였다. 또 대사증후근 진단할목의 보유경향은 ATP3진단기준에서 남자는 복부비만을 제외한 4개항목을 70%이상에서, 특히 고중성지방혈증은 95.0%에서 보유하였다 여자는 저HDL-콜레스테롤과 고중성지방혈증을 70%이상에서 보유하였다. 아시아/태평양 진단기준에서는 남자의 경우 고중성지방혈증을 88.0%에서, 여자의 경우 복부비만 및 저 HDL-콜레스테롤을 80%이상에서 보유하고 있었다. 대사증후군과 보건의식행태 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 교육수준이 낮을수록, 결혼하지 않은 사람에 비해 결혼한 사람에서대사증후군 위험이 증가하였으며, BMI가 증가할수록 대사증후군 위험이 급격히 증가하였고, 고혈압·뇌졸중, 당뇨병 가족력이 있는 남자에서 대사증후군 위험이 증가하였다. 또 스스로 건강하지 않다고 생각하는 사람일수록 현재 흡연자의 PACK- YEAR가높을수록, 자주 술을 마실수록, )회 음주량이 많을수록, 과음빈도가 많을수록 대사증후근 위험이 증가하였으며, 알코올 의존 경향이 있는 경우에서도 유의한 결과를 보였다. 최근 1년간 체중이 감소 혹은 증가된 경우에서 유의한 결과를 보였으며, 체증감소정도가 클수록 대사증후군 위험이 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 우리나라 성인의 대사증후군 유병률은 비교적 높으며 대사증후근의 발생에는 보건의식행태, 특히 음주 흡연비만 연령 교육수준 등이 밀접하게 관여한다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 앞으로 대사증후군의 예방을 위한 건강증진 프로그램의 기획 및 치료방침 수립을 위해서는 우리 나라대사증후군의 유병에 영향을 미치는 진단기준항목 및 관련요인의 상호 연관성, 우리나라에 적합한 진단기준 설정 등에 대한 지속적이고 깊이 있는 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.