• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.137-158
• /
• 2000

측과 모델에서 각각 유도된 하부 성층권의 온도를 비교 ${\cdot}$ 분석하기 위하여 전구에 대한 1980-98년 기간의 위성관측 MSU 채널4 (하부 성층권) 밝기온도와 두 개의 대기대순환 모델(NCEP, 1980-97년; GEOS, 1981-94년) 재분석 자료를 상관 및 경험직교함수 분석을 통하여 조사하였다. 월평균 기후값의 아노말리에서 MSU 온도는 남반구 겨울에 고위도 지역에서 현저하게 감소하였으나 (20-22K), 남반구 봄인 10월에는 오스트레일리아의 이남 지역에서 하부 성층권 온도 및 오존 전량이 주목 할만하게 동시에 상승하였다. 열대지방에서는 온도 연주기가 중 ${\cdot}$ 고위도에 비하여 뚜렷하지 않았다. 전구 대부분의 지역에서관측과 모델 사이에 상관은 높았으나 (r${\ge}$0.95), 아열대 제트기류가 통과하는 20N-3ON 지역, 북미 대륙 그리고 안데스산맥 남단지역에서 낮았다(r${\sim}$O.75). MSU 및 모델 재분석들의 월평균값에 대한 모드 1은 연주기와 함께 화산 폭발시에 하부 성층권의 온도 상승을 나타냈다. 한반도 지역에 대한 분석은 하부 성층권 온도가 대류권과 대조적으로 여름에 하강하고 겨울에 상승하는 형태를 보였다. 열대 태평양에 대한 MSY 및 재분석들의 아노말리 모드 1은 화산폭발에 의한 하부 성층권 온도 상승을 나타냈다. 모드 2는 MSH와 GEOS에서 준2년 주기진동 (QBO), 그러나 NCEP에서 엘니뇨 특징을 보였다. 엘니뇨 특징은 MSU와 GEOS의 경우에 모드 3에서 나타났다. 관측과 모델 모두에서 하부 성층권 온도에 대한 기여율이 대체로 화산폭발, QBO, 엘니뇨 순으로 높았다. 열대 대서양의 결과도 무시할 만한 엘니뇨 기여를 제외하고 열대 태평양과 비슷하였다 본 연구는 하부 성층권 온도에 대한 위성관측과 모델 재분석 자료와의 비교를 통하여 상호 정확성을 진단할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
• /
• pp.685-689
• /
• 2002

This study focused the relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the evapotranspiration (ET) temporal changes. Especially, the interannual change of the NDVI and ET from 1982 to 2000 at regional to continental scales was highlighted mainly over Asia. Monthly global NDVI data were acquired from Pathfinder AVHRR Land (PAL) data (1$\times$1 degree resolution). The monthly ET was estimated from assimilated atmospheric data provided from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) (2.5$\times$2.5 degree resolution), and gridded global precipitation data of CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) (2.5$\times$2.5 degree resolution). Significant positive correlations were found between the NDVI and ET interannual changes in May and June over western Siberia. Moreover, it was revealed that the most of area in Asia has positive correlation coefficient in May and June. These results delineate that the vegetation activity significantly contributes to the ET interannual change over extensive areas.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2008

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (also known as insulin resistance syndrome) represents a constellation of hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, and obesity. Presently, the influence of various factors on metabolic syndrome was assessed in patients of a university hospital comprehensive medical examination center. Methods: Age, sex, blood pressure, height, weight, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose levels were measured in 67 people (37 males and 30 females). These factors were correlated with tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and exercise habits. Metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity were assessed according to NCEP-ATP III criteria and the Asia-Pacific guidelines (male obesity defined as a waist circumference exceeding 90 cm), respectively. Data was analyzed using t-test, 2-test, and logistic regression. Results: Respective percentages were: tobacco use (14.9% of the 67 people), no tobacco use (85.1%), alcohol consumption (62.7%), no alcohol consumption (37.3%), regular exercise (25.4%), no regular exercise (74.6%). Logistic regression analysis revealed a gender-related odds ratio of 2.3 for metabolic syndrome and no exercise. Conclusions: Weight reduction and physical exercise may decrease the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Early identification of metabolic syndrome and risk factor modification is prudent in cases of obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.

• 한국건강관리협회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2006

Background Cardiovascular disease is becoming an important national health issue since its recent increase in incidence and mortality. The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the clinical identification criteria by NCEP-ATP3 and Asia-Pacific criteria. Meterials & Methods: The subjects were 759 people -male 375 and female 384 after twenties age - who had undergone medical examinations at Korea Association of Health, Daejeon- Chungnam Branch. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was assessed as defined by the NCEP ATP3, while abdominal obesity was assessed according to the Asia-Pacific guidelines. Anthropometric variables and cardiovascular risk factors were measured, and Associated factors with metabolic syndroms was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of metabotic syndrome was 24.O% for male and 27.1% for female The high blood pressure was the highest prevalent risk factors of metabolic syndrome. In the age group of thirties, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in men than in women, however it was significantly higher in women than in men in fifties and six ties. The metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in aged people over 50 years. and .significantly associated with BMI index(odds ratio 2.58 in male, 9.87 in female)Conclusions The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is over 20%.Early detection and intervention of risk factors by health examination and promotion are needed for prevention of metabolic syndrome.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
• /
• pp.33-36
• /
• 2007

We have persistently constructed gridded products of surface wind/wind stress over the world ocean using satellite scatterometer (ERS and Qscat). They are available for users as the Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with Use of Remote sensing Observation (J-OFURO) data together with heat flux components. Recently, a new version data of the Qscat/SeaWinds based on improved algorithm for rain flag and high wind-speed range have been delivered, and allowed us to reconstruct gridded product with higher spatial resolution. These products are validated by comparisons with in-situ measurement data by mooring buoys such as TAO/TRITON, NDBC and the Kuroshio Extension Observation (KEO) buoys, together with numerical weather prediction model products such as the NCEP-1 and 2. Results reveal that the new product has almost the same magnitude in mean difference as the previous version of Qscat product and much smaller than the NCEP-1 and 2. On the other hand, it is slightly larger root-mean-square (RMS) difference than the previous one and NCEPs for the comparison using the KEO buoy data. This may be due to the deficit of high wind speed data in the buoy measurement. The high resolution product, together with sea surface temperature (SST) one, is used to examine a new type of relationship between the lower atmosphere and upper ocean in the Kuroshio Extension region.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2002년도 학술발표회 논문집(II)
• /
• pp.1187-1194
• /
• 2002

In this study, we have simulated regional climate over East Asia using dynamical downscaling For dynamic downscaling experiments for regional climate simulation, MM5method. with 27 km horizontal resolution and 18 layers of sigma-coordinate in vertical is nested within global-scale NCEP reanalysis data with 2.5。${\times}$2.5。 resolution in longitude and latitude. In regional simulation, January and July, 1979 monthly mean features have been obtained by both continuous integration and daily restart integration driven by updating the lateral boundary forcing at 6-hr intervals from the NCEP reanalysis data using a nudging scheme with the updating design of initial and boundary conditions in both continuous and restart integrations. In result, we may successfully generated regional detail features which might be forced by topography, lake, coastlines and land use distribution from a regional climate. There is no significant difference in monthly mean features either integrate continuously or integrate with daily restart. For climatologically long integration, the initial condition may not be significantly important. Accordingly, MM5 can be integrated for a long period without restart frequently, if a proper lateral boundary forcing is given.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.138-152
• /
• 2005

Purposes: The purposes of this study are to investigate the definition, components, prevalence, and associated factors of metabolic syndrome and suggest the management strategies for workers. Method: This study was conducted by literature review. Results: Metabolic syndrome by the NCEP-ATP III is the clustering of three or more of five conditions: abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low levels of HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high glucose(blood sugar). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by modified NCEP-ATP III in South Korean workers was about 20 to 25%. Metabolic syndrome is caused by many associated factors, namely, age, family history, socioeconomic status, job strain, shift work, psychosocial distress, bad health behaviprs and so on. Conclusions: To prevent metabolic syndrome at worksites, multifactorial risk factor assessments and preventive approaches are required. Socioeconomic factors such as education, working status should be nationally importantly considered for the health inequality of workers. Occupational health nurse, at first, can start weight control, smoking cessation program. stress management, the improvement of work environment. Next stage, early diagnosis and treatment for metabolic risk group can be performed.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제29권2B호
• /
• pp.181-191
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 2007년 IPCC AR4와 함께 제시된 SRES A2 시나리오를 이용해서 기후변화가 한반도 가뭄에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 한다. IPCC는 DDC를 통해서 총 24개의 기후모형의 결과를 월 단위로제공하고 있다. 이 중 노르웨이 BCCR의 BCM2 모형과 NCEP 자료를 이용하여 최근린법(K-NN)과 인공신경망(Artificial Neural Network)이론을 적용함으로써, 온도와 강수량을 기상청 산하 서울지점으로 축소하였다. 최근린법의 경우, 온도와 강수량 모두를 축소하는 것이 가능하였지만, 인공신경망이론을 적용하여 축소할 경우, 온도는 비교적 잘 축소하였으나 강수량의 경우는 발산하는 결과를 보였다. 마지막으로 기후변화가 가뭄에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 최근린법으로부터 축소된 월 단위 강수량을 이용하여 서울지점의 표준강수지수를 산정하였다. BCM2 모형에 의하면 서울지점의 경우, 미래에는 전반적으로 온도가 증가하고 가뭄의 지속기간이 길어짐에 따라 가뭄이 더욱더 심각하게 된다는 결과를 예측하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.373-387
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 CORDEX 동아시아 영역에서 경계조건(ERA-Interim, NCEP/DOE2) 및 적운모수화방안(Grell, Emanuel)이 2010년 7월에 공개된 지역기후모델(RegCM4)의 모의성능에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 1989년에 대해 총 4개의 민감도 실험(EG, EE, NG, NE)을 수행하였다. 남한에서의 기온, 강수에 대한 RegCM4의 모의성능을 분석하기 위해 기상청의 기온, 강수자료를 이용하였다. RegCM4는 경계조건 및 적운모수화방안에 관계없이 기온의 공간분포, 계절변동을 잘 모의한 반면, 모든 실험에서 강수의 시 공간 분포를 적절히 모의하지 못하였다. 특히, EG, NG, NE 실험은 여름 강수를 관측보다 현저히 적게 모의하는 등 강수의 계절변동을 전혀 모의하지 못하고 있다. 하지만 EE 실험에서는 여름 강수를 포함하여 계절변동을 상대적으로 잘 모의하였다. 동아시아 여름 몬순 및 강수강도별 강수량, 강수빈도 모의에서도 EE 실험이 우수한 모의성능을 보였다. RegCM4는 경계조건에 관계없이 기온, 강수 모두 여름보다는 겨울에, Grell 보다는 Emanuel 방안을 적용할 때 높은 모의성능을 보였다. 또한 전체적으로 모의성능은 경계조건보다는 적운모수화방안에 더 큰 영향을 받는다.

• 대기
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.415-425
• /
• 2018

The roles of atmospheric heating formation and distribution on the global circulation are of utmost importance, and those are directly related to not only spatial but also temporal characteristics of monsoon system. In this study, before we clarify the characteristics of apparent heat source <$Q_1$> and moisture sink <$Q_2$>, comparisons of three reanalysis datasets (NCEP2, ERA-Interim, and JRA-55) in its global or regional patterns are performed to clearly evaluate differences among datasets. Considering inter-hemispheric difference of global monsoon regions, seasonal means of June-July-August and December-January-February, which is summer (winter) and winter (summer) in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere are employed respectively. Here we show the characteristics of eight different regional monsoon regions and find contributions of <$Q_2$> to <$Q_1$> for the regional monsoon regions. Each term in apparent heat source and moisture sink is shown to come from the ERA-Interim dataset, since the ERA-Interim could be representative of three datasets. The NCEP2 data has a different characteristic in the ratio of <$Q_2$> and <$Q_1$> because it overestimates <$Q_1$> compared to the other two different datasets. The Australia monsoon has been performing better over time, while some regional monsoons (South America, North America, and North Africa) have been showing increasing data inconsistency. In addition, the three reanalysis datasets are getting different marching with time, in particular since the early 2000s over South America, North America, and North Africa monsoon regions. The recent inconsistency among the three datasets that may be associated with the global warming hiatus remains unexplored.