• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.137-143
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of godulbaegi leaf extracts on detoxication of liver injury in $CCl_4$-treated rats. We divided normal group(5) and $CCl_4$-treated group and then $CCl_4$- treated group was divided into 6 groups; only $CCl_4$-treated group(CS), aqueous extract pretreated group (CSA), n-butanol extract pretreated group(CSB), Tween 80 pretreated group(CT), n-hexane extract pretreated group(CTH) and ethyl acetate extract pretreated group(CTE). The ratio of liver weight per body weight and the activity of GPT in hexane extract group(CTH) were lowest, similar to the results of S. Godulbaegi n-hexane extract(IS) groups intoxicated by $CCl_4$ had lower values of MDA than CS and CT which are control groups. Histological finding of liver tissue revealed less of necrosis in IS extracts groups than in control groups(CS, CT). From these results, IS extracts could predominently prevent hepat-otoxicity of rats. Especially, hexane extract was effective on the detoxication of liver injury among the other extracts.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.393-401
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• 2004

In this paper, we apply the concept of the group \ulcorner(X,A) of self pair homotopy equivalences of a CW-pair (X, A) to the Postnikov system. By using a short exact sequence related to the group of self pair homotopy equivalences, we obtain the following result: for any Postnikov section X$\sub$n/ of a CW-complex X, the group \ulcorner(X$\sub$n/, A) of self pair homotopy equivalences on the pair (X$\sub$n/, X) is isomorphic to the group \ulcorner(X) of self homotopy equivalences on X. As a corollary, we have, \ulcorner(K($\pi$, n), M($\pi$, n)) ≡ \ulcorner(M($\pi$, n)) for each n$\pi$1, where K($\pi$,n) is an Eilenberg-Mclane space and M($\pi$,n) is a Moore space.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.296-309
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• 2022

In this paper, we establish the Fricke Group Γ_F (N) which is a new special group of Non-Euclidean Crystallograhic (NEC) group. We obtain this group whose congruence subgroup Γ₀(N) is expanded with Fricke reflection $F(z)={\frac{1}{N{\bar{z}}}}$. Then, we research and calculate the structure of signature and fundamental domain of this group. And then, we calculate the number of boundary components in the signature for this group. Finally, we find the 2, 3, ∞ valued link periods of these boundary components with the H. Jaffee technique.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.641-649
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• 2020

This study was conducted to examine the effects of instruction (explicit, implicit) and stimulus presentation time (300 ms, 500 ms) in ABM training. According to the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) and the attention bias score (ABS), 60 undergraduate students were selected. All participants' SADS scores were above 82 and their ABS score was greater than 0. The training group was explicit-300 ms training group (n=10), explicit-500 ms training group (n=10), implicit-300 ms training group (n=10) and implicit-500 ms training group (n=10). In the implicit instruction group, only information about procedure was included. In the explicit instruction group, additional information about training manipulation (the probe always presented at the location of the preceding neutral stimuli) was provided. The control group were placebo-300 ms control group(n=10) and placebo-500 ms control group(n=10). After 8 sessions of training, the effect was only found in instruction conditions. The explicit training group showed significantly decreased SADS after training. ABS changed significantly in all three conditions but the treatment effect was most effective in the explicit instruction condition. No significant effect was found in the stimulus presentation time. These results suggest that explicit instruction might promote the effect of ABM training compared to implicit instruction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 2006.07a
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• pp.615-615
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• 2006

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.100-109
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• 1998

The anomalous pancreaticobiliary duct union (APBDU) might cause the formation of choledochal cyst and malignancies of hepatopancreaticobiliary system. The purpose of this study is to make an experimental animal model of APBDU similar to that of human. One to two-month-old Mongrel dogs (n=12) were divided into two groups; the control group (n=2) had a sham operation performed, and in the experimental group (n=10) the end of distal ' common bile duct (CBD) was anastomosed to the side of the dorsal pancreatic duct making APBDD. Serum was obtained for chemical analysis on the 10th postoperative day. The dogs were sacrificed at the 5th week (n=3), the 6th week (n=3), the 7th week (n=2), the 8th week (n=2) and the 6th month (n=2) after the experimental surgery. With sacrifice, operative cholangiogram was taken, and bile juice was obtained for chemistry and bacterial culture. The en-bloc specimens of the hepatopancreaticobiliary system were removed for microscopic examination. Serum and bile juice amylase levels were elevated in the experimental group(n=10), but not in the control group(n=2). Operative cholangiograms of control group revealed no evidence of bile duct dilatation.. On the other hand, the bile duct in the experimental group was markedly dilated without any evidence of stenosis at the anastomosis site (n=10). Histologic examination of the hepatopancreaticobiliary system in the experimental group resembled the findings of choledochal cyst in human. The APBDU of this animal model can produce bile duct dilatation by pancreaticobiliary reflux. We think that this animal model can be potentially promising for the research about the APBDU associated hepatopancreaticobiliary diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1167-1173
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of providing fermented soy protein to weaned pigs on nitrogen balance and apparent fecal and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of AA. Four weaned ((Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace)${\times}$Duroc) barrows (BW = 6.58${\pm}$0.98 kg), surgically fitted with a simple T-cannula approximately 15 cm prior to the ileo-cecal junction, were fed four diets according to 4${\times}$4 Latin square design. Diets were a basal diet supplemented with one of the following: 3% SDPP (spray dried plasma protein), 5% RBP (soy protein fermented by Lactobacillus spp.), 5% PSP (soy protein fermented by Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis), and 2.5% RPP (2.5% RBP+2.5% PSP). No differences were observed in DM and N intakes among treatments. However, the level of urine excretion was greater in the RPP group than in the PSP group. Additionally, fecal DM excretion, fecal N concentration and fecal N excretion were increased in the RBP, PSP and RPP groups when compared with the SDPP group (p<0.05). Furthermore, total excretion was increased in the RPP group when compared with the PSP group (p<0.05). In addition, N absorption and the N absorption ratio were higher in the SDPP group than in the RPP group (p<0.05). Moreover, the DM and N digestibilities were lower in the RBP, PSP and RPP groups than in the SDPP group (p<0.05), and the ash and energy digestibilities were higher in the SDPP and RBP groups than in the PSP and RPP groups (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the DM, N, Ash, Ca, P or ileal digestibilities among treatments, although the energy digestibility was higher in the SDPP group than the RBP group (p<0.05). In addition, the apparent ileal digestibilities of essential amino acids (Arg, His, Iso, Leu, Lys, Phe, Thr, and Val) were significantly higher in the SDPP group than in the other groups (p<0.05), and the levels of Ala, Cys, Glu and Try were greater in the SDPP treatment group than the RBP, PSP and RPP groups (p<0.05). Additionally, the levels of Asp, Gly and Ser were higher in the SDPP group than the PSP and RPP groups, and the level of Pro was higher in the SDPP group than the RPP group (p<0.05). Finally, total non-essential amino acid and total amino acid digestibility were higher in the SDPP group than in the other treatments (p<0.05). Taken together, the results of this study indicate that animal protein is more bioavailable than plant protein. However, the N absorption ratio and ileal digestibility were found to be similar in the SDPP and RBP groups.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2024

A new E_n score of the proficiency test (PT) is formulated; it is applicable when a correlation exists between the reference and participant's values. Based on the uncertainty propagation rule given in ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 (GUM:1995), the E_n score covering the correlation case is newly developed for the PT. The new E_n score will be applied in a future PT organized by the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) dosimetry team. The new E_n score will enhance measurement traceability and contribute to improving the quality management system of participants in the KRISS PT by avoiding performance underestimation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2006

Homoepitaxial growth of GaN on n-type GaN substrates was carried out by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) method. This enables us to reduce or to eliminate the bowing of the GaN substrate caused by thermal mismatch. As a result, the two opposite crystal surfaces have been found to possess low dislocation density. The surface polarity of the homoepitaxially grown GaN was confirmed by both etching of the surface and conversion beam electron diffraction(CBED). The surface morphology and the photoluminescencemeasurement indicated that the surface properties of N-polar face of the homoepitaxlally grown GaN are quite different from the initial N-polar face of the heteroepitaxially grown GaN substrate Also, both surfaces of the GaN substrate were characterized by room temperature Double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXRD) and photoluminescence measurement.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2015

Objective : To study the effect of early intervention and rehabilitation in the expression of aquaporin-4 and ultrastructure changes on cerebral palsy pups model induced by intrauterine infection. Methods : 20 pregnant Wistar rats were consecutively injected with lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneally. 60 Pups born from lipopolysaccharide group were randomly divided into intervention group (n=30) and non-intervention group (n=30); intervention group further divided into early intervention and rehabilitation group (n=10), acupuncture group (n=10) and consolidate group (n=10). Another 5 pregnant rats were injected with normal saline intraperitoneally; 30 pups born from the normal saline group were taken as control group. The intervention group received early intervention, rehabilitation and acupuncture treatment. The motor functions of all pups were assessed via suspension test and modified BBB locomotor score. Aquaporin-4 expression in brain tissue was studied through immunohistochemical and western-blot analysis. Ultrastructure changes in damaged brain and control group were studied electron-microscopically. Results : The scores of suspension test and modified BBB locomotor test were significantly higher in the control group than the intervention and non intervention group (p<0.01); higher in the intervention group than the non-intervention group (p<0.01). The expression of Aquaporin-4 was lower in intervention and non intervention group than in the control group (p<0.01); also lower in non-intervention group than the intervention group (p<0.01). Marked changes were observed in ultrastructure of cortex and hippocampus CAI in brain damaged group. Conclusion : Early intervention and rehabilitation training can improve the motor function in offspring with brain injury and reduce the expression of aquaporin-4 in damaged brain.